Leadership Thought for Research and Studies

Political socialization is the learning process through which people develop an understanding of their political identities, opinions, and behavior, through various socialization factors, such as parents, peers, and schools. Lifelong political socialization experiences play a major role in developing traits of patriotism and good citizenship, The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of political socialization on the emergence of leadership, which in turn undertakes to employ the state’s capabilities, resources, and behavior, which may lead to an increase in the state’s status at the external level or to a decline in its effectiveness.

As it’s known that , oil up stream companies are economic units these units have goals ، in addition to the main goals، there are many social goals like social responsibility ، the basic goals for operating companies that meet the goals for sustainable development include (economic - environment – society). Oil up stream companies have the obligation that includes main tenancy the oil producing governorates and its one of the sector development plans. Developing the oil sector in accordance with the government plans which enhances confidence between oil companies and society because it is one of the parts of the government in achieving sustainable development.

National interests, ideological and cultural values are considered among the most important factors influencing foreign policy making. The study examined the extent of the influence of Iraqi national interests, ideological and cultural values in shaping the course of Iraq's foreign policy after 2003, and the extent to which Iraq's foreign policy orientations during that time period were consistent with the national interests of the country in comparison to the influence of internal inter-party politics, personal characteristics of political leaders and regional and international politics factors. The study concluded that Iraq's foreign policy was affected differently during the various stages of the new democratic political system established in Iraq since 2003.

Iraq’s Economy is currently undergoing a transition phase, from central economy to market economy, where foreign investment plays a key role in finance and management of capital expenditure & Investment decision. Iraq possesses vast crude oil and natural gas resources, with quite high ranking in the world proven reserves. Natural gas production is a crucial sector after crude oil. Unfortunately, nearly half of the producing volumes are still being flared, causing financial losses and environment damage. Since 2010, there have been substantial changes, where a number of contracts had been signed in both, upstream and downstream, where foreign investment started playing a central role. The historical path and practical experience had brought forth a set of problems and extensive opportunities (projects) in favor of foreign investment.

In this study, the researcher focused on the subject of cognitive trends in public administration, as they today constitute the basic backbone in developing and developing the capabilities of employees in public administration by extrapolating the contents of the main elements of knowledge management by identifying the components of the pillars of these elements, which are strategy, people, technology, and process. As for the practical aspect in In this study, the researcher adopted an opinion questionnaire for the general directors, their assistants, and some employees of the Ministry of Culture in order to survey the available capabilities of these groups and the extent to which they possess the conditions and standards that allow the application of knowledge management. The researcher decided to choose the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities to conduct this questionnaire as he holds the position of director. The General Director of Administrative and Financial Affairs in this Ministry is general in order to achieve the desired benefit from this study. He is looking forward to gaining the results it produces to put them into practice in future plans to develop administrative work in the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities. At the conclusion of his study, the researcher included a set of proposals to put them before the eyes of researchers and those interested in such as These studies are for the public benefit.

The aim of the study is to seek to establish legal awareness among contractors and the administration, represented by its highest authorities, all the way to its employees, about the importance of government contracts in order to achieve comprehensive and sustainable development for society and to preserve the integrity of those contracts from all forms of abuse that fall upon them, whether by state employees or by contractors. the government.

Tax policy reform in Iraq, through reform of the tax system, contributes effectively to the diversification of the state’s public revenues. It also contributes to directing investment in a way that supports the path of economic development in the country and increases economic stability through developing the tax system and reducing the dominance of oil sector revenues. Reforming the tax system contributes to strengthening the taxpayer’s confidence in the state and the General Tax Authority, which encourages the taxpayer to show his real income. At present, the General Authority for Taxes is moving towards automating the tax system. One of the goals of tax reform is to activate a number of laws that contribute to expanding tax bases. Determining new tax rates that are consistent with the taxpayer’s income, taking into account not burdening the working and poor classes and contributing to a fair distribution of burdens. It is also possible to work to stimulate the national producer to reduce dependence as much as possible on imports from abroad.

The research aims to diagnose the reasons for the non-implementation of the decisions of the Council of Ministers by government institutions, since the Council of Ministers is considered the supreme executive authority in Iraq, and the failure to implement its decisions by some government institutions reflects negatively on the performance of those institutions. The research produced a number of results, the most prominent of which was the existence of a committee in the General Secretariat of the Council of Ministers whose responsibility is to consider complaints submitted to it that some Iraqi government institutions do not implement the decisions of the Council of Ministers. The research also reached the most important conclusions: the necessity of issuing a decision within the Council of Ministers to grant authority to Mr. Prime Minister The Council of Ministers directs administrative penalties to ministers and heads of agencies not affiliated with the Ministry who are negligent in implementing the decisions and directives of the Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister of Iraq.

The agricultural sector is a small and at the same time vital component of the Iraqi economy, and the role of agriculture in the economy over the past decades has been greatly affected by the military conflicts that Iraq has fought, most recently the occupation of Iraq, and by varying degrees of government efforts to strengthen and manage agricultural production. In this research, we will discuss the reality of this sector, the obstacles facing its progress, and what strategy can be adopted to reduce the Ministry of Agriculture’s dependence on the state budget.

In terms of concept and outcome, statistics provide a clear perception to the decision maker of the actual reality of the sample being surveyed. Over the years, this process was carried out manually, relying on paper forms to collect data. It is no secret that this method has negative consequences in terms of margin of error, slowness in completion, and human and financial costs. Although there have been timid attempts to introduce information systems into the survey process, the first complete experience will be in the general national census for the year 2024. This research will address the advantages that information technology will provide in terms of automation, reducing bureaucracy, speed of retrieving information, and the enormous potential in analyzing... Data on several levels

The partnership between the public sector and the private sector aims to eliminate the most important obstacle facing the activation of sustainable development plans, represented by financing. It is a contract concluded between a public legal person and a private law person (the project company), whereby the latter undertakes to finance, establish, maintain, operate or exploit a project. Infrastructure, within a specific period of time and in exchange for sums of money agreed upon in the contract, provided that the risks and profits resulting from the contract are shared, and to know the guarantees and incentives that the Partnership Law provides to the private sector to encourage it to enter into public sector partnership; The research was divided into three sections, followed by a conclusion containing results and recommendations.

To rationalize expenditures and develop revenues in accordance with the strategy of the Ministry of Interior, with the aim of optimal use of financial resources, improving performance and reducing costs for services provided while maintaining the level of services, resources must be developed in all directorates and agencies, the Police Martyrs Fund and the Development Fund, and a feasibility study must be prepared for various types of projects in the Ministry before implementing them. To know the extent of its importance and its impact on costs, learn about best practices, apply the best ones, and make optimal use of available resources efficiently and effectively.