Marsh Bulletin

Bioflocculants offer a number of advantages over chemical flocculants for wastewater treatment.
They are more environmentally friendly, safer, and often low cost-effective. The flocculating
activity of bioflocculants to remove turbidity at a dose 4 ml were 45% ,27.19% ,41.19% and
44.28 % by bacterial species Escherichia coli, Arcobacter cloacae, Aeromonas simiae,
Exiguobactirum profundum respectively while, at a dose 8 ml were 49.65%, 31% ,64 47% and
63.71. The flocculating activity of bioflocculants at (100/40) speed to remove turbidity by
bacteria Escherichia coli, Arcobacter cloacae, Aeromonas simiae and Exiguobactirum
profundum were 47.94% ,37.1%, 66.63% and 62.89% respectively while at (200/40) speed was
48%, 35.5%, 62.89% and 65.12%. The flocculating activity at a mixing time (4 min) to remove
turbidity was 51.19%, 32.7%, 70.28% and 67.80% while, at 6 min was 41.79%, 34.98%, 71.67%
and 70.0%. The result exhibited two bacteria Aeromonas simiae and Exiguobactirum profundum
have the best efficiency in removing turbidity when tested on of synthetic turbid water in the
laboratory. There for the bioflocculants have potential activity for industrial wastewater
treatment.

The impact of different cadmium concentrations (0, 10, 25, and 50 mg/L) on the bioactive chemical
components of the Nigella sativa L. extract was examined in this study. The amount and kind of
chemical components found in the plant after exposure to cadmium were found to differ
significantly, according to the results. Nearly forty-three chemicals were found at a concentration of
50 mg/L. Compared to the control sample, which contained 32 of the 60 compounds found, this
number dropped to 25 and 27 compounds for 10 and 25 mg/L, respectively. The content of some of
the chemicals significantly decreased when exposed to cadmium, which was an intriguing finding.
At a concentration of 50 mg/L, the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural level dropped from 1.1114% to
0.5652%. Conversely, certain compounds exhibited increases in concentrations of cadmium. Using
9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z,Z) as an example, the concentration rose from 2.4546% in the
control sample to 18.551% at 50 mg/L. On the other hand, n-hexadecanoic acid increased
remarkably from 4.9558% in the control sample to 7.5414% at 50 mg/L. According to the study,
these are the active molecules that vanished at different cadmium concentrations: 35 at 10 mg/L, 33
at 25 mg/L, and 17 at 50 mg/L. In comparison, 28 of the 60 detected chemicals were lost in the
control sample. These results highlight the complex relationship that exists between Nigella sativa's
chemical profiles and cadmium exposure