Marsh Bulletin

Bioflocculants offer a number of advantages over chemical flocculants for wastewater treatment.
They are more environmentally friendly, safer, and often low cost-effective. The flocculating
activity of bioflocculants to remove turbidity at a dose 4 ml were 45% ,27.19% ,41.19% and
44.28 % by bacterial species Escherichia coli, Arcobacter cloacae, Aeromonas simiae,
Exiguobactirum profundum respectively while, at a dose 8 ml were 49.65%, 31% ,64 47% and
63.71. The flocculating activity of bioflocculants at (100/40) speed to remove turbidity by
bacteria Escherichia coli, Arcobacter cloacae, Aeromonas simiae and Exiguobactirum
profundum were 47.94% ,37.1%, 66.63% and 62.89% respectively while at (200/40) speed was
48%, 35.5%, 62.89% and 65.12%. The flocculating activity at a mixing time (4 min) to remove
turbidity was 51.19%, 32.7%, 70.28% and 67.80% while, at 6 min was 41.79%, 34.98%, 71.67%
and 70.0%. The result exhibited two bacteria Aeromonas simiae and Exiguobactirum profundum
have the best efficiency in removing turbidity when tested on of synthetic turbid water in the
laboratory. There for the bioflocculants have potential activity for industrial wastewater
treatment.

The impact of different cadmium concentrations (0, 10, 25, and 50 mg/L) on the bioactive chemical
components of the Nigella sativa L. extract was examined in this study. The amount and kind of
chemical components found in the plant after exposure to cadmium were found to differ
significantly, according to the results. Nearly forty-three chemicals were found at a concentration of
50 mg/L. Compared to the control sample, which contained 32 of the 60 compounds found, this
number dropped to 25 and 27 compounds for 10 and 25 mg/L, respectively. The content of some of
the chemicals significantly decreased when exposed to cadmium, which was an intriguing finding.
At a concentration of 50 mg/L, the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural level dropped from 1.1114% to
0.5652%. Conversely, certain compounds exhibited increases in concentrations of cadmium. Using
9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z,Z) as an example, the concentration rose from 2.4546% in the
control sample to 18.551% at 50 mg/L. On the other hand, n-hexadecanoic acid increased
remarkably from 4.9558% in the control sample to 7.5414% at 50 mg/L. According to the study,
these are the active molecules that vanished at different cadmium concentrations: 35 at 10 mg/L, 33
at 25 mg/L, and 17 at 50 mg/L. In comparison, 28 of the 60 detected chemicals were lost in the
control sample. These results highlight the complex relationship that exists between Nigella sativa\'s
chemical profiles and cadmium exposure

Insects represent one of the largest and most important groups in the phylum Arthroptera and kingdom Animalia. There are several reasons why insects are important to review the provision of ecosystem services (ESs ) by insects First, it is globally widespread, and exhibit high species richness, high biodiversity, exceeding that of other arthropods well-studied ecosystem servicing. Here we explain how these organisms are important by mentioning its effective role in the ecosystem.

The aim of study to provide a new recorded of Northern Shikra Accipiter (badius) cenchroides (Severtsov, 1873) and details of Shikra subspecies within the Iraq. Two juveniles were recorded and described carefully in the Diyala River in Buhriz district – southwest of Diyala. The first recorded of Shikra Accipiter badius in Iraq by (Salim et al, 2020) did not refer to a subspecies, and it seems ssp. sphenurus (Tihama Shikra, Arabian/African ssp.), Juveniles of various subspecies are more similar and thus difficult to separate, but this ssp. was showing longer central tail feathers which protrude from the tip of the tail as described in this article, while. This recoded shows that ssp. Cenchroides (Northern Shikra) that is paler overall, with fewer contrasting markings. Ultimately, our findings could potentially alter the Shikra\'s status as a rare winter visitor on the future checklist of birds in Iraq. Further research is needed to determine the presence of several subspecies in Iraq and the Middle East.

Inorganic nitrogen compounds represented by NH4+, NH3, NO2−, HNO2, and NO3 are becoming an increasingly global problem in aquatic ecosystems due to escalating human activities. These compounds are interconnected through the nitrification cycle. Excessive levels of these nitrogenous compounds cause direct toxicity to aquatic animals. The current study aimed to review the toxic effects resulting from inorganic nitrogen pollution on animals in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic animals can absorb inorganic nitrogenous compounds directly from surrounding water, and unconsolidated ammonia is the most toxic, while ammonium and nitrate ions are the least toxic. In general, seawater animals appear to be more tolerant to the toxicity of inorganic nitrogenous compounds than freshwater perhaps due to the enhanced effect of water salinity on the carrying capacity of aquatic organisms.

The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs) content in the water and sediments was assessed because of its widespread distribution in the environment. Petroleum hydrocarbons are pollutants that contain a variety of hazardous organic compounds, many of which can mutate and exert cancerous effects on humans. Water and sediment samples were collected from three locations along the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab rivers from the period Oct.,2022 to July., 2023. The results showed that TPHs in water range from 0.03 µg/l to 0.09 µg/l. while TPHs in sediments is range from 3.82 µg/g dry weight to 20.13 µg/g dry weight. Sediments act as sinks for pollutants; therefore, they have the highest concentration of TPHs compared to water. A negative correlation was observed between TPHs in water and water temperature or pH. In sediments, a negative correlation was found between TPHs and the clay percentage.