Ahl Al-Bait Jurnal

Arabic literature has filled libraries and public and private collections, both in the East and the West, throughout history. Islamic Arab heritage is distinguished by its high regard for reason, its call to knowledge, and its emphasis on learning. Books are replete with sayings extolling the virtues of knowledge, scholars, the pursuit of learning, and the dissemination of knowledge.

The nation\'s history is adorned with the figure of the Prophet (the teacher), and the traditions are rich in glorifying scholars, exalting wisdom, and favoring the knowledgeable over the ignorant. As the Quran states, the impure and the pure are not equal, nor are the blind and the seeing, nor darkness and light, nor the living and the dead. Those who have knowledge are elevated in rank by God, and the knowledgeable are mentioned alongside Him, referred to as those firmly grounded in knowledge.

The role of marketing today goes beyond using scientific methods to understand the current and future needs and desires of consumers and working to meet them with the highest possible efficiency to satisfy and retain customers. It is "an integrated system of administrative activities designed to plan, price, promote, and distribute products to satisfy the needs of target markets and achieve the organization's objectives." Its applications and various methods have been used to influence many social and political aspects of both business organizations and public organizations, such as rationalizing consumption (i.e., reducing demand for goods and services), spreading social, religious, and political ideas, and raising health awareness among members of society.

The topic of terrorism occupies a significant space in the attention of international law scholars and criminal law experts due to the serious threat this phenomenon poses to society. It causes the loss of security, destruction of property, violation of sanctities, desecration of holy sites, murder, abduction of innocent civilians, and threatens the lives of many. In Iraq, this issue assumes even greater importance due to the suffering of Iraqis from various forms of terrorist crimes, under different names and pretexts, which have endangered the safety and security of society, instilled fear in the hearts of citizens, and caused harm to the economy, environment, public and private properties, and disrupted the normal life in large parts of the country. There is no doubt that researching the concept of terrorism requires examining it from various aspects. However, our study will focus on defining it as a legal phenomenon on both the international and domestic levels, a matter that Arab and Islamic countries neglected to address and combat when it was in its early stages, allowing it to escalate.

Spain in the 17th and 18th centuries, and the situation of the Moriscos in Spain and how they were liberated from the hands of the Spaniards. I would like to begin by stating that the Moriscos were not necessarily Arabs, but were Muslims, as the conflict on the Iberian Peninsula was a religious struggle between Christianity and Islam among the people of the same land. Thus, every Morisco was considered undesirable; they had to choose between two options: either to leave for another country or convert to Christianity. If they remained faithful to their religion, harsh measures would be taken against them by the religious authorities, not the civil authorities. This was a situation that lasted in Spain for many centuries, affecting even the Christians themselves and other groups. The narrative by Lathariodi Turmes is but a depiction of the social and economic life in Spain in the 16th century.

Global attention to copyright and its protection coincided with the developments witnessed by many societies in our contemporary world. The acts of creation and innovation by the human mind in culture, science, and knowledge, along with the spread of the writing and publishing movement as a result, were the main driving forces for countries to give this matter the attention it deserves to protect the rights of their citizens in what they create and innovate in the intellectual field. Hence, the term "Intellectual Property" was coined.

As I write a brief paper about a modern literary critic whom I have studied and deeply appreciated, namely the late Dr. Muhammad Mandur, I must emphasize his unique ability to blend the authenticity of Arab heritage with the depth of Western culture. He played a pivotal role in transferring many Western critical views and ideas, particularly from French literature, to Arabic literature, incorporating them into most of his numerous books. Dr. Mandur also held clear opinions on every text he transferred or analyzed, whether it was Arabic or Western literature.

I have deliberately refrained from focusing on the historical aspects of Mandur\'s life and have decided instead to write about his critical methodology as reflected in his works. Thus, these pages constitute a textual study to elucidate his artistic approach.

Crime is a social problem that has confronted human society since it was composed of just a few individuals. Throughout history, human efforts have failed to eliminate or even reduce it. The danger of crime stems from its opposition to human emotions and its harm to both public and private interests of individuals. Societies also suffer significant material and moral losses due to crime, reflected in the high costs required to combat it, such as the development of security agencies, penal and reform institutions, and the wasted human resources that could have contributed to building society instead of deviating toward crime and threatening security and stability.

No one can deny that the Arabs in their pre-Islamic period were in contact with neighboring nations such as the Persians, Ethiopians, Romans, Syrians, Nabataeans, and others. As a result of this contact, there was a linguistic exchange of words. This is a natural occurrence because it is impossible for any language to remain completely immune to all influences. Languages borrow from one another, and some words were adopted by the Arabs, who infused them with their own Arabic spirit. Poets and writers then incorporated these words into their poetry and writings, and they became part of the common vocabulary, often with the original source forgotten.

The term "preparatory factors" refers to the reasons that shaped the poet's nature and enabled him to acquire verbal materials and knowledge of establishing meters. Hazem al-Qartajani (d. 684 AH) defined these factors as the presence of two conditions: the first is growing up in a region with a moderate climate, a good location, excellent food, and pleasant scenery. The second is being raised in a socially eloquent environment, where there is a strong interest in poetry, its recitation, and its study. These two factors were available to the poet in Andalusia.

Stylistic analyses have, today, taken a significant place in the world of literature. Its stylistic themes have attracted a large number of researchers who were influenced by them. They find in the efforts made in this field guiding insights that contribute to discovering the truth of literary creativity on one hand, and the scientific methodology of stylistic analysis of literature on the other hand.