AL- Mouhaqiq Al-Hilly Journal for legal and political science

The margin purchase contract does not differ from other contracts in terms of arranging the effects on each of the two parties. In this contract, the client has implications for his commitment to pay the price of the securities purchased for his account and his commitment to pay the commission, expenses and financing costs, and what distinguishes the margin purchase contract from the rest of the contracts It is the method of paying the price, so the client who wants to buy securities does not pay the price of the securities completely from his own money initially, but puts a margin of the price of the securities in the margin account with the brokerage company, and this margin is determined by agreement between the company and the client after the legislator has set a minimum Him may notThe customer or the company has a violation, as for the company, it has a set of obligations, the most important of which is its obligation to open a margin account for the customer and finance part of the price of the securities purchased for his account and its commitment to purchase securities for the client’s account. In our research, we will try to present the most important obligations of the customer and the company in the margin purchase contract, by dividing the research into two topics.

The subject of the partial cancellation provisions is an important topic because of its importance in determining who has the authority to partially cancel the administrative decision as well as to indicate the scope of the authority that this authority has in the partial cancellation of the administrative decision, but the authority that has the authority to partially cancel the administrative decision is either The authority issued by the decision is the subject of partial cancellation or presidential authority, as this body has the authority to review the administrative decision and cancel the defective part of it, and the scope of the authority of the administration in the partial cancellation of the administrative decision, this authority varies whether the decision is organizational or individual and whether the latter The scope of its authority to partially cancel the individual decision varies depending on whether the individual decision is the originator of rights, as the administration cannot cancel the individual decision. Something to the right except within the specified period of filing the cancellation suit, since by the end of this period the decision is entrenched against cancellation and by virtue of the legitimate decision becomes the protection of the acquired rights arising from it.

The issue of importing or making games that incite violence is one of the important topics that have to do with the widespread prevalence of violence at the present time. Some pictures of trading in these games in separate places, including the Child Protection Law and the Consumer Protection Law as well as customs laws that prohibit their import as prohibited goods, and that the ban on importing or making these games and then holding the perpetrator accountable to him is justified, as it contributed to the increase in violence and its negative effects, and the substantive provisions are By legal texts criminalizing unlawful acts and setting penalties for that

States and international organizations that impose unilateral sanctions aim to pursue, through their own initiative, certain objectives, primarily to get the target State to respond to these sanctions by subjecting them to the will of the exporting State, but these sanctions are the only ones that are subject to the will of the sanctions-issuing State. It violates many principles established in international law, notably the principle of equality between states and the principle of state sovereignty at the international level.
If this violation is achieved and the responsibility of the sanctions-exporting State arises, there is a need for a remedy to which the affected party can resort to sanctions, in order to obtain a ruling or decision obliging the sanctioning State, to stop this violation and to redress the damage resulting, but what should be noted about the Unilateral sanctions are the absence of specific remedies that can be consulted by the state affected by unilateral sanctions, except for the existence of some natural and moral means available to persons to challenge these sanctions in a limited manner.

Appointment to public positions is the right of every citizen. It is fair and fair to place appointment in public positions to control the legitimacy of the actions of the administration, which is an important guarantee of guarantees of individuals ’rights and freedoms. If the decision to appoint a public official is issued without observing these conditions, he will be subject to appeal before the administrative judiciary.

Rivers are considered an important water resource for the state, and attacking it constitutes a crime that harms society and the state. As a result of this importance, the legislator has paid special attention to it by stipulating many penalties imposed on the perpetrators of these attacks, but there was no definition of crime in most countries ’legislation, but rather I was satisfied with identifying the acts that are crimes and clarifying the penalties assigned to them. The crime of sabotaging rivers includes two pillars. The first is the material pillar which is represented by the act of sabotage and is achieved by using explosives, demolition, obstruction or destruction and other acts that lead to sabotaging the rivers in whole or in part Be the second is the moral pillar while the crime of sabotage Rivers are intentional crimes in which the street requires the availability of a criminal intent that consists of knowing the elements of the crime and the will to commit it. On rivers, its aggression constitutes a threat to the internal security of the country, and given the rivers that constitute the pillars of the national economy, therefore, attacking it constitutes a blow to that economy and demolish it, and to determine the efficiency of criminal texts in protecting rivers and standing The weaknesses of the Iraqi legal texts related to the subject in the Penal Code and to benefit from the comparative legislation in this field, our intention is to examine the subject of objective criminal protection of rivers from sabotage in the General Penal Code (a comparative study)

The issue of defining a clear concept of the environment, defining it and identifying its elements, is one of the very important matters, and everyone who has access to environmental issues sees the multiplicity of its concepts due to the multiplicity of human sciences .The difficulty of explaining the nature of the environment as it is considered one of the most complex and ambiguous scientific concepts despite its increasing importance. Many jurists have questioned the possibility of developing a specific and clear definition of the environment as one of the value the
law seeks to preserve .
The concept of the environment in terms of legal content has witnessed a great development that has been reflected in the various stages through which the human position in the environment has gone through. The legal rule is an outcome and a reflection of the various economic, intellectual, social and political conditions that take place in the human community, and thus it keeps pace with the various developments and transformations that happen to the human being in his relationship with his environmental environment, as well as through the human relationship with the environment in the post-industrial revolution stage and its periphery in terms of developments and damages to the environment. As a result, the relationship of the arts began with the environment, as the extroverted woman became aware of its importance and its great impact on human life .
the constitutional protection includes preventing natural or moral persons or individuals from infringing each other on their constitutional rights and freedoms, according to explicit or implicit rules and texts in the body of the constitutional document that are sufficient to repel the violation of this right and to guarantee compensation for the damages caused by this infringement if it occurs. And protect any right .
The general principles of environmental protection within the scope of constitutional law constitute the system of constitutional rights and duties related to the environment. The right to the environment as an economic, social and cultural right can only be achieved in practical reality through positive intervention by the state to transfer the constitutional text from the theoretical space to the practical framework that enables individuals to Direct it, and enjoy the possibilities and privileges it offers .

The research highlight how ethno-sectarianism quota control building of Iraqi new state by U.S occupation and Iraqi opposition parties. They treated with Iraqi society through Ethno-Sectarian lens. Consequently, they sought, in foundational stage, to institutionalize the Ethno-Sectarian Identities, as demonstrated in Transitional Administrative Law (TAL) 2004 and establishing Iraqi Governing Council (IGC) 2004. This formula become as a guide to draft of new constitution of 2005, which enumerated many articles that enhance Ethno-Sectarian formula.

The principle of the distribution of power is of great importance as it represents one of the means of preventing rulers from exclusively monopolizing the powers of the authority and preventing them from tyranny and tyranny, and that the distribution of power requires a multiplicity of public bodies that assume or are entrusted with the task of exercising power where there are essentially different functions in the state It can only be practiced separately from each other, and the principle of the distribution of power is an old idea compared to the division of jobs or it emerged with the emergence of civilization after the multiplicity of problems and the inability of rulers to unilaterally exercise these powers collectively, as well as the emergence of free democratic principles and call Here to the distribution of power after it was concentrated, however, the ruling individual Because of the importance of this principle, we find that the Constitution of the Republic has been consecrated in two forms: the hierarchy of powers, and their separation.

The pre-emption is an important reason for the acquisition of property, its provisions have organized the Islamic Sharia and singled it out with certain texts to achieve an extreme wisdom which is to reduce the harms of the neighborhood, And the Iraqi legislator followed this approach when he also considered preemption as one of the reasons for acquiring property and summarizing it with legal texts deriving most of its provisions from Islamic law.The Iraqi legislator was keen to achieve preemption for its reasons or the wisdom of its legislation when making the right of preemption a right restricted to specific persons referred to in Article (1129) of the old Iraqi civil law.However, he went back and narrowed the scope of the adoption of this right when he replaced the new Article (1129) replacing Article (1129) of the Iraqi Civil Law and made the right of pre-emption limited to a specific class, and he is the partner in a common house or apartment and removed the other from the scope of the pre-emption by forgetting or Ignoring the wisdom or the reason for which this right was legitimized. Thus, the Iraqi legislator will have followed this substitution for Article (1129) of the Iraqi Civil Law, in contrast to the direction for which the right of preemption was initiated as a reason for acquiring ownership.