Abstract
It is known that the contract arises from the convergence of wills - offer and acceptance - and both of them require the expression to show the secret to the physical appearance of the concrete, and this expression of the will being disputed between two principles: - the principle of consensual, which means giving individuals the freedom to choose adequate expression to their will, and the principle of formalism is Unlike its predecessor, which means compel individuals specifically to express their will Streptococcus.
If the consensual form the general rule governing the legal acts in modern legal systems, the formalism has become the exception, and may have been limited to shapes that the imposition of the legislature to follow to produce the disposition of its legal effects, so that they together constitute a constraint on the will of individuals do not have about it the freedom of choice, not completed legal disposition Banaadamha.
But it may happen that individuals agree to show their will in no particular form imposed by the legislature, or go out of the scope of consensual act called the conventional form, is it possible that the latter occupies the same position occupied by the legal form - ie, imposed by the legislature -? Can it be said that form the legal sense?
In fact, these questions are what prompted us to put the issue on the table. In the absence of the adequacy of legislative provisions that addressed this issue, and not enclosed enough to exclude ambiguity and confusion with him and suspecting Balchuklip legal, we chose to go into its aspects and angles of multiple briefed most of what Ttjllah of the provisions and punctuated by the rules are important in both theoretical and practical.
At the level of the theoretical side, had already pointed to the dearth of legislative texts, acting to address the issue of form agreed between the parties, in addition to that some of these texts have addressed the subject of research in the same position, which dealt with the legal formality, as it has given him the same sentence, and this is what will be discussed and addressed him in the position of the search.
As for the practical side, often times what happens to agree that parties to a contract on going to him over the form in particular, might be for the purpose of demonstrable or a condition for holding the conference, if Disclaimer party of them all is observed and implemented, will promote this as a reason for the invalidity of the contract and not to produce legal effects? Or is it not true that the impact of the contract, and the latter can be implemented without regard to the first, on the grounds that as long as an agreement, it can be waived without prejudice to the implementation of the contract, which contained?
These questions and others, is what will be subjected to in the body of this research according to the methodology is not based on the comparison between the legislation, because this comparison requires framing the idea of a legislative, to the possibility, after this, the comparison, but you are our methodology in this research to explore the idea of the theme , hope of civil Musharena framed in accordance with the legislative text that would be reached from the results in its conclusion
If the consensual form the general rule governing the legal acts in modern legal systems, the formalism has become the exception, and may have been limited to shapes that the imposition of the legislature to follow to produce the disposition of its legal effects, so that they together constitute a constraint on the will of individuals do not have about it the freedom of choice, not completed legal disposition Banaadamha.
But it may happen that individuals agree to show their will in no particular form imposed by the legislature, or go out of the scope of consensual act called the conventional form, is it possible that the latter occupies the same position occupied by the legal form - ie, imposed by the legislature -? Can it be said that form the legal sense?
In fact, these questions are what prompted us to put the issue on the table. In the absence of the adequacy of legislative provisions that addressed this issue, and not enclosed enough to exclude ambiguity and confusion with him and suspecting Balchuklip legal, we chose to go into its aspects and angles of multiple briefed most of what Ttjllah of the provisions and punctuated by the rules are important in both theoretical and practical.
At the level of the theoretical side, had already pointed to the dearth of legislative texts, acting to address the issue of form agreed between the parties, in addition to that some of these texts have addressed the subject of research in the same position, which dealt with the legal formality, as it has given him the same sentence, and this is what will be discussed and addressed him in the position of the search.
As for the practical side, often times what happens to agree that parties to a contract on going to him over the form in particular, might be for the purpose of demonstrable or a condition for holding the conference, if Disclaimer party of them all is observed and implemented, will promote this as a reason for the invalidity of the contract and not to produce legal effects? Or is it not true that the impact of the contract, and the latter can be implemented without regard to the first, on the grounds that as long as an agreement, it can be waived without prejudice to the implementation of the contract, which contained?
These questions and others, is what will be subjected to in the body of this research according to the methodology is not based on the comparison between the legislation, because this comparison requires framing the idea of a legislative, to the possibility, after this, the comparison, but you are our methodology in this research to explore the idea of the theme , hope of civil Musharena framed in accordance with the legislative text that would be reached from the results in its conclusion
Abstract
وحيث ان التوقيع بشكل عام هو الوسيلة الابرز للتعبير عن ارادة صاحبه وموافقته على مضمون السند ، فان التوقيع بشكله الالكتروني قد يجعل المسالة في التشريعات التقليدية اكثر تعقيدا وذلك لغياب الوسائط المادية او التقليدية التي يثبت عليها ، ولذلك فقد حظي باهمية خاصة ، فالكثير من التشريعات الحديثة سواء كانت عالمية او وطنية ، عرفت التوقيع الالكتروني ونظمت احكامه ولذلك كان لزاما على الباحثين الاهتمام بدراسته والتعرف على كل مايتعلق به من منظومة الكترونية بهدف الوقوف على كيفية إثبات التصرفات القانونية التي تتم عبر الانترنت ، دون استخدام الأوراق التقليدية ومعرفة مدى حجية مخرجات هذه الوسائل في الإثبات ، لاسيما وان دولا مثل العراق مازالت لم تنظم هذا الشان بقواعد قانونية تنسجم مع خصوصيته ، وحاجة المجتمع اليه ، فبقيت مكتفية بما ورد من قواعد تقليدية او عامة في الاثبات ، لذلك كان لابد مع هذا الوضع من معرفة مدى استيعاب القواعد التقليدية لتلك المخرجات الالكترونية وكذلك مدى تكيف النصوص الحالية مع هذه الوسائل .