AL- Mouhaqiq Al-Hilly Journal for legal and political science

Public service is of paramount importance to all of the States in terms of ability to execute plans and development programs in the country, which requires them to rely on an extensive network of talented employees who meet the requirements mandated by the legislature for occupancy career center.

So the loss of all those conditions or some of them being the cause of an employee of the civil exclusion, so we will look at the positive exclusion causes through three sections devote the first to discuss personal causes of exclusion and the second substantive reasons and in the third we devote to judicial review on the legality of the career of the judiciary.

The debtor's money is the one that guarantees the payment of its debts and is known as the general guarantee of the debtor's funds for the benefit of the creditors, as they can fulfill their rights through the execution of any part of the general guarantee. On the other hand, all creditors are in the same rank, To another creditor. Since there is a possibility that the creditors will not obtain their money from the financial debtor, and thus divide them among themselves, the need to have a guarantee that they can obtain their full rights. This guarantee is a special guarantee. Two types, personal insurance, and in-kind insurance, the first being the attachment of one or more receivables to the debtor's original debt, and the creditor becomes two or more debtors instead of one debtor. The second refers to the appointment or allocation of a particular money that is usually owned by the debtor in order to secure the creditor's right, and by virtue of which the creditor advances the rest of the ordinary and subsequent creditors to the rank. The insurance is divided into three types: the first is called the official mortgage or the insurance mortgage, which is a contract that the creditor earns on a property dedicated to the fulfillment of his debt in an in-kind right, under which he may apply to the ordinary creditors and the creditors following him in order to collect his right from the price of that property in any hand. The second type is the possession mortgage, which is a contract that makes the money held in the hands of the mortgagor or in the hands of justice debt can be obtained from the mortgageer both or some in advance to ordinary creditors and creditors following him in the rank in any hand was this money. The third type is the franchise It means the priority in the completion of a particular debt to take account of the cause of this debt. It is a right in my eyes to be determined by law to guarantee the fulfillment of a certain religion, taking into account its character. This right grants the creditor direct authority over the object which is entitled to fulfill his religion as a priority in any hand. The law stipulates that it should intervene to preserve this right by the owner to the rest of the creditors. The law has specified the excellent debts, and the subject of the research is the privilege of the seller transferred from the excellent debt identified by Civil law is one of the most important subjects on the movable, and it is one of the most important issues. It is concerned with the most legal actions occurring in daily life, namely, the contract of sale which is placed on the movable. In order to protect the right of the movable owner, On the bugs Creditors to fulfill their right.

Legal systems are not free from the idea of association, whether in the substantive law relating to the origin of rights and legal centers or procedural systems belonging to the procedural law, and with regard to the scope of our study in the Civil Procedure Code, which is the reference to all procedural laws, the link exists within the procedural structures of the various systems to achieve full effectiveness Of the various procedural tools in these systems, and one of those systems, the system of appeal , it should be noted that the durations of the appeal considered as public order, so violation against it cannot be agreed on , from the others side, the radix of the proceedings in appeal case is the persistence of the dispute and proportionality of the proceedings Therefore, it is not possible to submit new applications that have not been submitted previously to the Court of Appeal, or if the third party submits a request to that court or presents it in the face of it. However, due to the importance of the reasons underlying the link between the procedural actions in terms of reducing the proceedings in terms of time or expenses, or in terms of conflicting or difficult decisions, it is possible to break these principles. Justice can be achieved on these grounds by protecting the rights of opponents of the appeal process sometimes and sometimes By protecting the rights of others. Therefore, the study of the effectiveness of the procedural link in the dispute of the appeal case requires us to study two topics we will explain in the first one expansion of the scope of the appeal case, the second section will be devoted to clarify the amendment of the legal status of the third party.

Foreign direct investment has become a significant economic importance to the countries of the world. It occupies an important and essential position for developing countries, which took place more sophisticated and in tune with the economic conditions to attract greater foreign investment strategies, represented capital and scientific expertise in order to increase exports.Foreign direct investment has become a major goal of the countries, which have limited economies and totally dependent on natural resources.These investments formed the positive energies created a huge market for a common work on the development of developing countries, especially by attracting with enormous wealth to employ scientific capabilities and superior expertise in the field of direct investments in countries with limited countries.

There is no doubt that most of criminal legislations have decided that each crime has punishmeant. Sever punishment, which is considered the exception of this rule, aim to impose one punishment for several crimes. However, this exception has different legal wording it is different from legal system to other. Some of these laws decided that this principle impose on crimes and offenders in one criminal while, some legal systems impose sever punishment in certain and exceptions cases.
Examine the sever punishment rule and understand the diversity of criminal legislations attitudes of sever punishment were the main reasons behind chosen this study.
Therefore, this article will divided into two sections and conclusions. The first section is devoted to the definition of severe punishment rule while the second section focus on the applications of severe punishment principle. The conclusion of this article will contain the main findings and suggestions.

The public roads are an important facility for the state. The attack is a crime that harms society and the state. As a result of this importance, the legislator paid special attention to it by stipulating many of the sanctions imposed on the perpetrators of these attacks. The crime consists only of two corners of the physical pillar, the second is the moral element, and the mere damage to the public road does not raise the criminal liability of the perpetrator of the malicious act. For the conduct of the danger of obstructing traffic on the public road or danger to the users of the public road, and the crime of harm to public roads of crimes and misdemeanors in terms of gravity. It is noted that the Iraqi Highway Law includes the main public roads between cities and bridges of different types located within the borders of the Municipality of Baghdad and municipalities and beyond. And the crime of causing damage to public roads in the street requires the availability of criminal intent, which consists of science elements of the crime and the will to commit, and decided the Iraqi legislator punishment for each right to damage the public road and obstructing the traffic on the highway or traffic, and posed a danger to the user of the road, Public roads threaten the interests of the first of the interests of the country covered by the criminal law protection, the attack on public roads constitute an attack on the threat to the country's internal security, especially after the associated crimes with descriptions that make it inherent to affect that security as a description of terrorism, Because of the establishment of that establishment of the national economy, so the attack is a blow to the economy and demolition and to determine the efficiency of criminal texts in the protection of public roads and to identify the weaknesses of the Iraqi legislation on the subject and to benefit from comparative legislation in this area our determination to investigate the crime of harm By public roads.

The role of the Iraqi State Council is to interpret the laws in general and international treaties and conventions in accordance with the law "internally", one of the pillars carried out in addition to other functions assigned to it, especially since Iraq after 2003 open to society And that this function is exercised by the Council under Article 6/5 of its amended law No. (106) of 1979, which was strengthened by the issuance of the Iraqi Treaties Law No. (35) of the year 2015.

The international treaty is the most important main source of public international law, and its importance is further enhanced by the way in which the rules governing international relations are formulated. Judicial interpretation is one of the ways in which a text of an international treaty is interpreted when there is disagreement over a particular meaning when applied in the absence of government interpretation. The interpretation by national courts is subject to internal problems and thus is governed by certain legal rules of the entry into force of the treaty within domestic legal systems.

The development of the interpretation of international treaties from the French Council of State was an important and advanced stage in this field. It has taken long and successive steps to expand its competence in general, while limiting the scope of sovereignty and is known as the traditional doctrine. This is what the Egyptian Council of State and the State Consultative Council Iraqi, has been based on a combination of assanid plus, And then to the jurisdiction of the State Consultative Council in the interpretation of international treaties and to the jurisprudential trends that determine the national body of interpretation, and we have the statement of that and in two sections we devoted the first to the statement of the legal basis to the jurisdiction of interpretation according to the traditional doctrine that prevailed "before the transformation of the Council of State after the French case Jester, as discussed in the second section to the jurisdiction of the State Consultative Council in the interpretation of international treaties and the jurisprudential legal position of the definition, and then to the most important findings and recommendations.

The contract of enterprise is becoming more important in the present economical life . it has many forms as the contractor sometimes does pure work without suppling materials or the materials are supplied employer . here the questions of owner ship transfer does not rise . but when the materials are supplied by the contractor who will make the subject matter , then the transfer of the owner of the thing made by the contractor will rise , whether it is an effect of the contract of enterprise of another contract like the contract of sell . different effects apply according to which solution we choose and many views are there among the jurisprudence in the absence of legislative solution .