MUSTANSIRIA DENTAL JOURNAL

The aim of study was to evaluate the effect ofthe number of pregnancy in
the dental health of iraqi women .
Three hundred ninety nine pregnant women were included in this study, with
an age range of 18-39 years old. They were attending to the Maternal and Child
Health Care Center (MCHCC) for their monthly periodic checkup with different
pregnancy stages. The sample of the study was randomly selected from four out of 16
MCHCCs in the center of Mosul city .
Caries experience were diagnosed and recorded according to the criteria
suggested by WHO 1997 using CPI probe. The (DMFS) index was used to assess the
decayed, missing and filled surfaces .
The periodontal health status of pregnant women was performed using the
following clinical parameters (gingival index, plaque index and calculus index .)
To evaluate the effective of number of pregnancy on dental health status, the sample divided into three group (1-3) according to the number of pregnancy (1-3, 4-6 ,)75 respectively .
The result indicated an increase in the mean of DMF S score with an increase in the number of pregnancy; also the study indicates a significant increase in the mean of periodontal parameters with an increase in the number of pregnancy

Computerised eephalometric softwares are widely spreading nowadays with
several options regarding orthodontists demands. This study aims to compare the
accuracy of the computerised procedure from digitising the radiograph to the final
cephalometric analysis. Twenty—six lateral cephalograms were analysed, thirteen
landmarks were permanently marked and traced and eighteen variables; nine angles
and nine lines in both horizontal (X) and vertical (Y) directions were measured
manually first, then scanned and the same landmarks were digitised on—screen using
Viewbox 3.0.l cephalometric computer sottware. The results show that computerised
angular measurements were more comparable to the manual method than with linear
measurements, with most of the differences being of low clinical importance

This study aimed to assess the caries-preventive potential of various chopped
CO2 laser parameters, and to explore the effect of the laser energy density on the
caries inhibition activity on enamel surface in vitro .
Extracted human premolar teeth were irradiated with three various energy
densities (25.47, 50.93, and 101.86) J/cm2, by changing the number of pulses, the
pulse duration, and the spot diameter. The CO2 laser system emitted laser with
6.01 um in wavelength and l0Hz repetition rate. All teeth were subjected to carieslike
lesion tbrmation by 3.5 pH lactic acid for 2l days. The teeth after that were sectioned
into ground cross sections and the lesion depths were measured under a polarizing
microscope .
The result indicated that the chopped CO2 laser preventive treatments inhibited
carieslike lesion progression up to 36%. This effect was improved with increased total
energy density within the limits of the examined laser parameters

A deaf child from birth has experienced disturbed leaming which affect
his/her intellectual skills, social environment and emotional relation ship. There fore
this oral health survey was conducted among 519 deaf persons and 532 students aged
61-5 years in the middle region of Iraq (Baghdad, Anbar, Diyala, Salah AlDeen ,
Bayblon and Kerbala). The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the
oral health status and treatment needs of deaf persons and students in the same
geographical area. Results showed that 40.66% of deaf persons were caries free
compared to schools students 33.46%; dmfs mean value of deaf persons was found to
be lower (3.935 :l: 0.312) than that of students (4.252 dc 0,277) while DMF S mean
value in deaf persons was higher (0.763 1 0.095) than that recorded in students (0.603
)080.6 6 with no statistically significant difference. Higher percentage of deaf person
and schools students were found in need of two or more surface restoration 30.44% ,
%30804 respectively. Deaf persons demonstrated a higher mean plaque index value
68051( t 0.012) and gingival index value (1.098 i 0.914 i 0.012) respectively, so
efforts should be made to ensure access to preventive care .

This study was part of a field work carried out by the University of Mosul in
Humaidat village, which is located about 25km North West of Mosul on the river Tigris .
The size of the sample was 310 individuals, 138 males and 172 females, their ages
ranging between 6-57 years. The aim of the study was to determine the trends of dental
caries and periodontal disease and compare the results with a previous study canied out
in the same village .
Clinical examination was carried out inthe village school using a portable dental
chair and adequate light. Diagnosis of dental caries and assessment of dental treatment
needs was performed according to WHO *1997 guidelines, while the gingival health status
and periodontal treatment needs of the individuals was performed using the Community
Periodontal Index Treatment Needs (CPITN) as recommended by WHO 1987 ,
Results showed that mean DMFT value for the sample was 5.81 with a
statistically significant age difference, although females tended to have higher means than
males, there was no significant differences between them, mean DMFT values were
much less than a previous study in the same area, the dental treatment needs showed that
one surface filling was needed as the highest mean for the total sample , followed by 2 or
more surface fillings , extraction and finally pulp care .
The periodontal condition of the individuals was very bad, with the disease being
prevalent in 99.7% ofthe population, which is much more than the previous study, more
than three quarter of the sample had calculus as the highest CPITN score, in addition to
the presence of a large percentage of individuals having pockets .
The periodontal treatment needs were massive with only 0.3% needing no
treatment, health education was required at a range of
,% )077-50.79( scaling was needed in 87.7% of the total sample and finally complex
treatment needed in 3.88 % of the sample. The village is in need of intensive health
educational programmes which may be carried out in the health center of the area or in
school settings in order to increase the knowledge about dental disease, helping the
individuals adopt positive attitude towards dental health care .

Objective: study the influence of dietary simulating liquids on the micro hardness ,
surface roughness, and color stability of polished and non-polished organically modified
ceramic, at different storage time .
Methods: 240 samples were prepared and then stored in a dark phial containing
distilled water (D.W) at 37C for 7 days before conditioning then the samples divided into
3 groups, 80 samples in each, and stared in the conditioning liquids at 40 C for 1, 7 and
41 days At the end of each conditioning time the specimens were subjected to color
comparison test, surface roughness test (RA) and microhardness test Vickers hardness
number (VHN .)
Results & conclusion Increase aging time will increase the VHN value and
decrease the Ra value of ormocer specially for the control group (aged in D.W). Aging in
( food stimulated liquids) F SLs produced an increase in VHN value but to a degree less
than that of D.W. which in turn produced significant effect of these liquids on Ormocer
hardness with time in comparison to the control group Most effect will be seen with 50%
Ethanol VHN and color stability. The effect of FSLs on Ormocer VHN were on long
term duration (ll days) while for color change ;(7 days) is the critical time and after the
first week no additional color will take place. Surface roughness of polished and non -
polished Ormocer was not affected by any FSLs and at any aging time. Polishing of
Ormocer will increase the VHN value and Ra value for all FSLs and for all time
intervals .
Change in organic base matrix of composite resins is of great value for improving
cmposite properties and durability .

Recent studies have pointed the importance of Entamoeba gingivalis (E .
gingivalis) as an active protozoa in periodontal pathology , its presence associated with
the presence of pathological pockets , thus a clinical survey of E, gingivalis was
conducted in patients with chronic periodontitis . A total of 240 specimens were taken
Hom 48 patients (20 male and 28 female) , their age ranged from 38 up to 60 years old .
A direct smearing technique of deepest periodontal pocket (> 4mm) with a sterile
universal curettes to pickup the plaque material and to be placed in phosphate — buffered `
saline pl-{7.4, then stained with Heidenhair hematoxilyne modified technique, studied
under light microscope , the results shown 33.3% of our patients were positive .
The occurrence of E. gingivalis appeared positively correlated with the pocket
depth, 13.93% of 4-6mm pockets depth was positive, while in pockets of 7-8mm depth
the percentage rises up to 38% .

Asthma is a common inflammatory condition of lung airways. Its cause is
incompletely understood .
Patients with bronchial asthma are affected both by the disease and its treatment .
The purpose of our study was to examine the salivary composition in asthmatic patients ,
and study the association between asthma and occurrence of selected oral symptoms .
The study was divided into two phases. In the first phase (salivary analysis) the
salivary composition and unstimulated salivary flow rates of 50 asthmatic patients were
compared with that of 25 non -asthmatic subjects. In the second phase (questionnair
survey) the occurrence of symptoms of oral diseases in asthmatics (n=I I3) was compared
with that of non—asthmatic subjects (n=ll I .)
In addition to the symptoms of oral diseases, data on background information
were taken. The results of salivary analysis showed no statistically significant differences
between the asthmatic and non- asthmatics concerning the salivary flow rate and
composition, However, the asthmatic saliva samples showed lower potassium and higher
inorganic phosphorus levels .
In the questionnair survey , the subjects reported more symptoms (dry mouth ,sore
mouth , halitosis , pain in Temporomandibular jiont (TMI) , stuffiness in (TMI) and
clicking in (TMI) compaired to the controlled group. The presence of asthma
precipitating factors and medication used had a considerable effect on the probability of
having symptoms of oral diseases when compaired to non- users

One hundred fort nine edentuolus atients who were included in this study
seeking for a complete denture. Sixty five patients of them were seeking for a denture for
the first time, 45 patients had a history of one set of denture, and 39 patients had a history of two sets of dentures. All the technical and the laboratory work for construction of the complete denture was followed under the supervision of one prosthodontist. The
evaluation of the dentures regarding function, comfort, appearance and general satisfaction was done by the patients themselves. The results indicated that patients acceptability for wearing a new complete denture was increased in those with a histo of previous denture .

Frankel appliance is one of the functional appliances used to treat Class II
skeletal cases. The aim of this stud was to evaluate the skeletal and dental changes.
induced by Frankel (FR-2) appliance. Pre and post treatment cephalometric and dental
cast records of eight treated cases were analyzed. The results showed little skeletal
and marked dental corrections .
Maxillary incisor retraction and mandibular incisor proclination were
significant. The increase in mandibular lane an le was ve small .
The maxillary inter molar distance and mandibular inter canine and inter molar distances were increased significantly during treatment

ln this study an attempt was made to_ estimate the knowledge and behavior in
regard to the use of inter dental cleaning aids among lraqi dental students at different
levels of dental study .Two hundred seventy four Iraqi dental student in College of
Dentistry, University of Al-Mustansiria were questioned by a suitable questionnaire
designed for this purpose about their knowledge and behavior in relation to the use of
interdental cleaning measures .Results of this study showed that their information
about this subject may need to be reviewed

Confusion may exist in facing the problem of impressions for hypermobile
mucosa specially when the problem is how to make this impression, various techniques
have been advocated and the proper selection of one technique or another depends on
available knowledge of functional and histologic anatomy for the development of
impression procedure with a wide difference in the interpretation of the denture
foundation. impression pressures have been thought to be a primary cause of tissue
displacement and consequently a factor of denture instability. This study was carried out
to compare 2 different impression techniques for anterior ilabby lower ridge, it has been concluded that more retention with better patient satisfaction were gained with lower dentures made using the window impression technique

order to determine the number of root canals and the number of apical
foramens, 1528 endodontically treated. Teeth were examined. Out of 777 maxillary first
premolars 9.1% had one canal, (8.6% of them had one apical foramen and 0.5% had two
foramens) and 89.7% had two canals (8.5% had one apical foramen and 81.2% had two
apical foramens). Only 1.2% of examined teeth had three canals and three foramens. Out
of 751 maxillary second premolars 68.6% had one canal (65.1% of them had one apical
foramen and 3.5% had two apical foramens) and 31.4% of teeth had two canals (11.9% of
them had one apical foramen and 19.6% had two apical forameris

The major goal of periodontal therapy is to eliminate the periodontal pockets and `
to create a connective tissue attachment. Forty two patients with periodontal pockets
subdivided into 2 groups, Tissucol group, 21 patient were treated surgically with
introduction of` Tissucol bioadhesive material, other 21 patients were also treated
surgically their flaps were sutured according to the traditional suture technique. The
result showed that there were a significant gain in the pocket depths reduction and
attachment levels in both groups, but that of Tissucol group is superior than that of
suturing group. The patients were followed for six months, the stability of the gain in
Tissucol group still significant, while that of suturing group showed a significant loss in pocket depth reduction and attachment level during the six months of follow up. The result suggested that the tissucol help in creation of connective tissue attachment and preventing the invasion of epithelial growth. The role of oral hygiene were also taken in consideration , as long the oral hygiene kept in healthy state level as the gain in pocket depth and attachment level maintained stable .

This research analyzes data {rom dentate institutionalized elderly in Baghdad city .
The study population comprised (100) dentate elderly ranging in age from 50-100 years
27( males and 28 females) .Results showed that Prevalence of gingivitis was 100% among the elderly in both sexes and that the severity is higher among females for score 3 and 2 of plaque index .

Mouth breathing is associated with many dental and facial problems and
thought of as having a bad effect on orthodontic treatment .
The aim of this study was to study the effect of mouth breathing on SNA angle
maxillary incisor to SN angle and dental arch dimensions. And to compare these values with those of nasal breathers. A study sample of 17 mouth breathers were compared with 17 nasal breathers. Results showed for the mouth breather's very small
increase in SNA angle with marked proclination of upper incisors, and constriction of upper arch which is more in the posterior segment .

The introduction of adhesives has created a new opportunity to bond composite
resin to existing amalgam restoration on aesthetically disturbing surfaces. Further more ,
the composite laminate would probably improve the restoration .
This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the shear bond strength of
composite resin to fresh and set amalgam by the use of two adhesive systems and to study
the effect of water storage time on the shear bond strength of composite resin to fresh and
set amalgam
One hundred and eighty cylindrical specimens, 5mm high x 5 mm in diameter ,
composed of 3 mm of amalgam and 2 mm of composite with a layer of bonding material
in between were prepared. Syntac Sc, Excite, control (non bonding) used to bond
composite resin (Tetric) to the amalgam bases in three groups I, Il and lll (each one
composed of 60 amalgam bases). Each group divided into two minor groups each of 30
amalgam bases one for fresh amalgam bases referred (F) and the other one for set
amalgam bases referred (S), each minor group, F and S subdivided into 3 subgroups
according to water immersion period into 48hrs, lmonth, 3months,stored at 37 C for
scheduled period of time .
Specimens were therrnocycled and subjected to shear bond strength testing, and
the mode of failure whether adhesive, mixed cohesive were recorded also. Results
expressed very highly statistically significant difference in shear bond strength values
among the all three groups with the highest shear bond strength mean values (SBS) for
the control group Ill (without bonding agent) with the greatest SBS values to set
amalgam subgroups. While for group. I and II (Syntac SC, Excite) showed the highest SBS mean values to fresh amalgam .The Syntac SC bonding agent shows higher SBS mean than excite bonding agent to either fresh or set amalgam. In conclusion, for both types of bonding agents, Syntac SC performed better in bonding composite resin to amalgam than Excite and the water immersion period has an effect on the SBS mean values and on the type of mode of failure

A proper relationship of the total mesiodistal width of the maxillary dentition to
that of the mandibular dentition will favor an optimal post treatment occlusion, the
purpose of this study is to obtain information of the mesiodistal crown dentition and tooth
size discrepancy in subject with Cl. I Angle malocclusion with spacing in the upper and
lower arches. 30 pairs of dental casts were obtained (15 males, 15 females) were
measured and analyzed, the results indicates no significant difference between right and left sides, and non significant regarding tooth size analysis ( Bolton ratio) between males and females, sexual dimorphism was found regarding mesiodistal crown dimension with greater mean values for males

Abstract:
All previous studies concerning the soft tissue changes associated with upper
jaw osteotomy related to the use of the most common approaches to the anterior
maxilla i.e. Wassmund, Wunderer and Cuper approach. Few of these directed to
assess the upper lip cross sectional area as a factor in prediction pmpose. A new
approach by mean of 3-sided mucoperiostcal flap adopted in this study to expose the
premaxilla. From the clinical observation, there is slight lengthening ofthe upper lip
after surgery.
This study conducted to assess the upper lip cross sectional area after
maxillary segmental setting up osteotomy using this approach(for prediction purpose),
and assess the validity of the use of the 3-sided mucoperiosteal flap.
Presurgical and post surgical cephalometric radiographs of (9) patients were compared by superimposition of acetate tracings on special references. Cross sectional lip area then calculated presurgically and at two intervals following surgical intervention (immediately after surgery i.e. with in 2 days and the longest possible post surgical follow up) using simpson role.
Analysis of data showed that the cross sectional lip area significantly
increased by a mean of 38% ranged (23% - 58%) immediately after surgery. While at about 3 months interval, it became about 17% ranged (2% — 34%) the study showed also an acceptable accessibility with the use of this 3-sided flap.