Journal of Biotechnology Research Center

Back Ground: Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) is a long-term blood disease that has an excess production of mature hematopoietic pluripotent stem cells in the bone marrow. In the early fifties, W. Dameshek structured the Myeloproliferative disorders that are at present the World Health Organization (WHO) changed it to Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs). According to the Iraqi cancer registry, Chronic Myeloproliferative disorders in the male is 0.62% and the incidence rate is 0.36, in female Chronic Myeloproliferative disorders (45 case) is 0.31% and the incidence rate is 0.24. The JAK2-V617F genetic mutation is approximately seventy percent of the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm cases. Interleukin-4 plasma and serum levels are significantly increased in MPNs different types.
Objectives: The goal of this study is to estimate the IL-4 serum levels in the JAK2-V617F negative and positive mutation in the Iraqi MPNs patients.
Materials and Methods: Total of (60) patients screened by cohort prospective study of having MPN who are patients presented to the National Center of Hematology / Al-Mustansiriyah University. Depending on the JAK2-V617F genetic mutation we classified our MPNs cases into 3 groups: JAK2-V617F negative (N: 20), JAK2-V617F positive (N: 40) and control group (10). Blood sample (5) ml was obtained from each individual in each group, by venipuncture using disposable syringes for IL-4 serum estimation by Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technique.
Results: A clear indication of significant differences was observed between IL-4 serum level in JAK2-V617F negative samples and control samples (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The IL-4 serum level is high in MPNs patients, which is one of the immune evading mechanisms of the cancerous acting to imbalance the Th1/Th2 ratio and enhancing the anti-apoptotic activity inside those cells.

Aim of the study: assess the level of immunoglobulin A, IgA, Complement protein C5a in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary COPD, Asthmatic, and Tonsillitis patients.
Material and methods: 98 samples were collected from patients aged (5 years old to older than 45 years) of different sexes, as well as samples, collected from 10 healthy people as control group in an immunological study. Serum concentration was done according to human IgA Bioassay Technology Laboratory Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) - Kits Cat.No E0189Hu and Complement Component C5a R1 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Kit Cat. No. E6576Hu.
Results: of the current study showed that the concentration of antibody A (IgA >20ng/ml) was higher in males by (62.5%) compared to females and that the highest concentration was found in the age group greater than 45 by (31.8%) ) with a significant difference between the remaining age groups at the level of probability (p > 0.05) and concentration of antibody A (IgA >20ng/ml) was high in all patients, and asthma constituted the highest percentage of increase in antibody A concentration by (32.65%) compared to the control samples with the presence of Significant difference at the level of probability (p > 0.05). the study also showed that Complement Component C5a R1 was high in all disease cases, and the increase was equal in percentage (6.8%) for the distribution of concentrations on patient samples with a significant difference between healthy and sick patients at the level of probability (p > 0.05) and it was high in males only with a percentage of (23.8 and that). The highest concentration was found in the two age groups (5-14and44-35) with a percentage of (6.8%) with no significant difference between the remaining age groups at the level of probability (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION:Asthma patients affected by the immune changes accompanying the disease compared to patients with Tonsillitis and COPD. High level of antibody concentration ,C5 in all diseased conditions, most affected by Asthmatic patients.
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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that involves autoantibodies attacking and weakening joints. RA is characterized by leukocyte (Monocyte, Lymphocyte mast cell .etc) infiltrations into the synovial compartment leading to inflammation in the synovial membrane. Synovitis leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, chemokines, complement proteins, and growth factors.
Objective: The current study pointed to verify the diagnostic values of interleukin -17 A and interleukin -18 in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and the effect of treatment thereon.
Study subjects and methods: A total of 88 samples with RA were selected from the health clinics of AL-Yarmouk teaching hospital/rheumatology clinic in Baghdad, with female rheumatoid arthritis patients as the patient group (50) and (38) healthy females as the control group. All patients were exposed to clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound assessments, besides measuring the serum level of both (IL-17A and IL-18) by the method of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: The results show that there is a significant difference (p≤0.05) in IL-17A levels between patients and controls. The concentration of IL-17A in premenopausal patients is higher when compared to control groups (18.06 ± 3.85 vs 15.71 ± 1.82 pg/ml), so, the concentration in postmenopausal studied groups (17.19 ± 2.91 vs 14.13 ± 1.06 pg/ml).
Also, there are significant differences (p≤0.05) in the level of IL-18 between the patients and the control; it is found that the level of IL-18 within the premenopausal patients was higher compared to the control (16.09 ± 9.69 vs 12.52 ± 8.30 pg/ml).
Conclusion: A High level of IL-17A in RA patients contributes to the pathogenesis of RA as an inflammatory disease. As well as, the elevated levels of IL-18 suggest its physiological role to induce inflammatory disorder Treatment with (MTX and Etanercept) causes a decrease in the inflammatory markers of this disease RF in patient groups.

Background: comparative study of the pregnant and lactating mammary gland in local rabbits.
Objective: histological description of mammary gland of two periods (pregnant and lactating mammary gland).
Materials and methods: To determine the differences that could take place in the mammary gland between two periods of the life (pregnant and lactating) of endogenous rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus).
Results: Grossly the mammary glands shown in rabbits (pregnant and lactating) were four or five pairs, located at the ventral surface of the thorax, abdomen, and inguinal. The mammary gland of the doe has 8 or 10 nipples. Histological results of pregnant group females contained the same histological components but there were alveoli intralobular connective tissue interlobular connective tissue, glandular duct, and adipose tissue, the alveoli lining with cuboidal cell, the ducts lining with a double layer of the cuboidal cell around by collagen fibers and fatty vacuoles the results of this study revealed that the pregnancy period showed the most development, especially in the glandular units (alveoli) because of the effect of estrogen and progesterone hormones rule in the growth of duct and alveoli and stope immediately after parturition after a drop of the placenta also secretion colostrum detection. In lactating group rabbits, the lobules were large collecting ducts lined by multiple layers of the columnar and cuboidal cells and mammary gland lobule. A magnified section of glandular alveoli showed it lined with low cuboidal secretory cells and their lumen contained secretory product and glandular alveoli lined with low cuboidal secretory units and their lumen contained secretory product. The alveoli had large lumens and were lined with cuboidal epithelium and flattened nuclei of myoepithelial cells and flattened nuclei of myoepithelial cells, the lobules have the most alveoli were large. The interlobular connective tissue that surrounded the large lobules with blood vessels and wide trabeculae of dense irregular connective tissue with adipose tissue, the lobules of a different size, and interlobular duct filled with the secretion of the trabeculae of dense irregular connective tissue the interlobular Connective tissue and adipose tissue, the lobules in a different size. The interlobular duct with secretion, intralobular duct, most alveoli were large and without secretion may be at the end of the lactation period.
Conclusion: During mammogenesis, the glandular tissue of the mammary gland was studied, it has been shown that parenchyma tissue with the pregnancy onset is increased and achieves its extreme value by the 25-30 days of pregnancy.

Background: Water is the source of life form and this crucial source is continuously being polluted through variety of human activities and from natural sources. Many methods have been used to treat water from these pollutants with different degrees of success; one of the most promising techniques is adsorption. Adsorption have been used extensively with variety of adsorbents range from the expensive activated carbon to cheap plant waste.
Aim of study: This review provides a scope on the adsorption process and the factors affect the adsorption, types of adoption, isotherm studies and models as well as some examples on the past studies conducted to eliminate various types of contaminants such as chemical dyes, heavy metals and crude oil and other aromatic compounds.

Background: The nanotechnology considers as one of the most promising technologies in the treatment of diseases and the manufacture of drugs with high efficiency. This review highlighted on the designing of nanoparticles (NPs) for therapeutics. The size of nanoparticle important in reaching to the target and get out from the body by kidney. Nanostructured and nanocrystalline nanomaterials are the two basic types of nanomaterials. The safe of nanoparticle is one of the most attractive attribute of nanoparticle when it will chose as a medicine. Dendrimers are extensively employed in therapeutic implementation because of their structural attribution of this component. Moreover, the capsid protein of virus is extremely natural nanoparticles can be used in medicine. Nanogels can be used for biological sensors, and other biological applications and administration of pharmaceuticals. Beside that there are many nanoparticles that have many medical applications, i.e. nanodiamonds (NDs), metallic NPs, quantum dots (QDs), Silica-Based NPs (SBNPs), Lipid-Based Nanoparticles (Liposomes).
Conclusion: One of the most important applications of NPs, which was highlighted in this review, is the use of nanoparticles in the treatment of microbial contaminated burns. Finally, it can be concluded that the using of NPs and nanomaterials with no cytotoxic effect in medication are considered one of the most important technologies that have emerged in recent years.