Diyala Journal of Human Research

This research aims to show the forms of Alif Maqsura (Short A) and not mixing it with Alif Mamduda (Lengthened A). many people commit spelling mistakes in their writings. The most obvious mistake is writing (Alif Maqsura and Mamduda), spelling mistakes disfigure the writings and make an obstacle in understanding the sentence. Dictation is branch of Linguistic branches. It is an important pillar in composition. So, the researchers so the need to write a research concerning this phenomena and following the books of handwriting with Scientists and Narrators points of view.

Ibn Malik's Alfiya is one of the books that summarized the rules of the Arabic language in terms of syntax , morphology and phonetics. Due to its importance and fame in the syntactic and grammatical lesson , dozens of annotations have been set up aimed at explaining any ambiguity, clarifying in details what is summarized, and perhaps the most famous of these explanations Ibn Hisham 761 A.H.) entitled (('awdah almasaluk 'iilaa Alfiya ibn malik) means the clearest explanations of Ibn Malik's Alfiya.
and Ibn Aqeel's annotation (d. 769 A.H.), These two explanations have been characterized by easy manner, simply understood and can be basically approached. It is a major reference to the Arabic and its students till today, and each explanation is featured from the other by systematic features which may the commenters agree on or may differ in other cases.
The researcher has tried to unveil the most prominent approach marked by commentators that attributes closer to linguistic Article and grammatical to the mind of the seeker of knowledge.

This research is concerned with the study of entries and glossaries of lexicographical grammatical modern terms and to identify its importance of its lexicographical work according to its organization because having the importance of building the lexicography and its scientific value. The entries of the lexicon are organized alphabetically presenting its root without any additions and paying attention to the alphabet order in the same word or alphabet Arabic order without paying attention to the origin of the word or root.
As for the glossaries presently their interest increased in authoring books. They help researchers and readers to achieve their aims, some of them are: gathering what has been divide of entries in one subject, besides the researchers and students can reach them fast and easily.

In this study, we dealt with the criticism of Ibn al-Tayyib al-Fassi (d. 1170 AH) and his compassion on Ibn Allan al-Siddiqi (d. 1057 AH) in the book Fayd published the influx of Rawdat Tayyarah. The study was divided into two topics: the first: Ibn al-Tayyib’s criticism of Ibn Allan, and we discussed in it some of the accusations that Ibn al-Tayyib directed against Ibn Allan, the most prominent of which are: lack of control and distortion, as well as criticism of his views and statements.
As for the second topic: I mentioned Ibn al-Tayyib’s recommendations on Ibn Allan, and we were satisfied with it by standing on examples of those reminders.
And we adopted the analytical method in studying the issues of criticism and comprehension and presenting them to the sources, to find out their truth and to clarify the correctness of them.
The sources varied according to the need for research, and most of them were lexicons, language books, grammar, and pure grammar books.

This research aims to find out:
1.The degree of cultural intelligence among university students.
2.The degree of Character Orientations among university students.
3.The direction and strength of the relationship between cultural intelligence and Character Orientations of university students.
In order to achieve these aims, the researcher adopted the scale of Eidi ( 2010) prepared according to the theory of Sternberg (1985). After ensuring its face and construction validity, the reliability of the tool was calculated by employing test-retest method. The correlation coefficient of reliability was (0.81), while according to Alpha Kronbach method, it was (0.82).
As for the Character Orientations tool, the researcher constructed a personal orientation scale according to Fromm (1978). After following the scientific steps in constructing the scale and ensuring its face and construction validity , Alpha Kronbach method was used to find out its reliability. The receptive reliability was (0.81), saving orientation was (0.80), marketing orientation was (0.81), production orientation was (0.83), total reliability was (0.81) . And according to test-retest method, the exploitative trend reliability was (0.79), the saving trend was (0.79), the marketing orientation was (0.80), and the production orientation was (0,81). The total reliability was (0.79).
The two scales were applied to a sample of 400 male and female students who were randomly selected from four colleges at Diyala University: College of Education for Humanities, College of Islamic Sciences, College of Science and College of Engineering. The study data were statistically analyzed using t-test formula for one sample, binary variance analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient formula, t-test formula for two independent samples, Z- test, Alpha-Cronbach formula and multiple regression analysis. The statistical analysis showed the following:
1.The sample subjects possess a high level of cultural intelligence compared to the theoretical average of the scale, with a significant difference among university students.
2. The sample subjects possess a high level of Character Orientationscompared to the theoretical average of the scale, with a significant difference among university students.
3.There is a positive relationship between the cultural intelligence and the marketing and production orientation , but there is no positive relationship between the cultural intelligence and each of the accepted and exploitative approach of saving among university students.

The current study aims at identifying the initiative behavior among the children of kinder gardens , by verifying the objective of the research, which to measure the level of initiative behavior children of kinder gardens , the current study is limited to the kindergarten children in the city of Baqubah for the academic year 2017- 2018 . The research adopted the descriptive approach and applied the scale of the study to the randomly selected sample from the kinder gardens in the city of Baqubah , The sample consisted of . (400) children selected from the research community . To achieve the goal of the study , the research build the scale of the initiative , and extracted the characteristics of psychometric and face validility of the scale , and then calculated the statistical characteristics of the items. The study found that there is a low level of initiative among the children of kindergarten. The research came up with a set of recommendations and proposals.

The political reformation process is an objective need which its interest has increased with what the Moroccan Kingdom faced from complicated and varied interior and exterior challenges. Especially, in the 19th of the 20th century when the democratic party demanded political reformation, and King Hassan II reacted with the democratic reformation process. King Hassan II suggested the idea of rotation on power in his speech when opening the Council of Representatives in 8th October, 1993. At the 5th December, 1995 talks have been concerning the formation of a rotation government under the leadership of Protestors but if failed. Then King Hassan II adopted the choice of constitutional reformation when he declared it in the 20th August, 1995. The Democratic Parties have given a memorandum to King Hassan in 1996 in the context of achieving constitutional reformation. The demands contained supporting Parliament live and the legislative Moroccan elections were done in 14th November, 1997, as result King Hassan II appointed the Ministry of Finance Idress Jatto in conducting meetings with the General Secretary of Union of Socialist Party Abdul Rahman Al-Youssife resulting the reception of the King in 4th February, 1998 at the Al-Rabat Palace for Abdul Rahman Al-Youssife and assigned him in forming the government. The declaration of forming the Moroccan Rotation Government was announced at 14th March, 1998.

The current study aims to identify
1. Social Competence among university students.
2.The significance of differences in Social Competence among university students in terms of gender (male, female) and specialy (scientific, humanistic).
To achieve the aims of the study, The researcher adopted the original version of Conte, et.al's scale of Conscientiousness, which consists (48) items and the reliability of translation has been measured , the scale were applied on study sample (400) male and female students in the University of Diyala for the undergraduate morning studies in the academic year (2017-2018) They were selected randomly by equal distribution approach . After processing the data statistically by the use of arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test, binary variance analysis, the following results were gained at:
1. University students have the Social Competence.
2. There is statistically significant difference in the Social Competence scale according to gender variables (males, females) and specialty (scientific, humanistic).
A number of recommendations and suggestions for further studies are put forward in light of study findings

The aim of the study is to investigate Diyala level on Human Development Index in comparison with Iraq in 2017, and the reality of each of these key indicators in the guide. This will be achieved by studying the reality of indicators of education, health and income as defined by the United Nations as key indicators in transforming the individual from consumer to producer and consumer. The study followed descriptive analytical method to explain the spatial variation of the human development guide in Diyala governorate, as well as the scientific and spatial analysis of geographical and demographic information and data for the study area according to the characteristics of the population and its geographical location. The study reached a measure of the Human Development Index in Diyala Governorate, which was valued (0.748) in 2017 according to the data included in the research annexes that relate to the aspects of education, health, and income. The governorate is within the high human development index, according to the UN report. This is due to the increase in the values of the Education Index which reached (0.786) as well as the adult literacy values which reached (85.1%) and the life expectancy in Diyala Governorate to (74.2) years and the value of income (0.638) Inadequate institutions in the education and health sectors in the governorate.

Rainstorms occur suddenly and have a varied impact on the course of geomorphic processes, with their massive torrents that can cause unmatched environmental risks. Therefore, the aim of the study is to measure the intensity of rain to identify the most influential pressure systems, which lead to risks in the course of geomorphic processes in sensitive areas. For such natural activities
The lack of daily precipitation data for the ground monitoring stations. The US satellite station data provision site http://chrsdata.eng.uci.edu was relied on to obtain rain precipitation data for the period (2000-2018) and the site http://vortex.plymouth/ .edu to obtain weather maps of the pressure systems for the region, and the analysis of the rainy season (2015-2016). It included more than 40 measurement stations. During the rainy season, (68) rain falls occurred, varying in severity and quantity.
The total number of rainy days was (14) days, while the number of hours was (336 / hour), and the water fell (315.5 / mm).
Geomorphic processes represent the natural and chemical changes that affect the preparation of materials for processes and thus alter the shape of the earth through (carving, transfer and sedimentation). Thus, the effect of rain intensity can be measured according to the mathematical model Peltier that divides the world into morphogenetic regions (Peltier, 1971, 214-236) from The area, the type of precipitation and its effect are measured by the impact of raindrops according to (EM Fournier955) and the erosion of the rain (Douglas D.et al, 1968). And gully erosion (Bergsma, 1983) on the other hand.
US Landsat 8 satellite digital data processing has been used for Chang detection to detect the change of land cover due to the rainy season's falls. And numeric elevation data for determining slopes. And the application of EPM laboratories in identifying the direct effect of stress on the conduct of geomorphic processes in northwestern Iraq (Dohuk Governorate as a model) Figure (1

This research is an attempt to monitor some of the work done by the groups of poetry, represented by the efforts of Dr. Yahya al-Jubouri in the investigation of the poetry and poetry of Abda Ibn al-Ja'ali, the well-known poet. The research also stopped during this tour, which is useful in reading poetry, On his market, not in it, and no defect or sin

This research is an attempt to monitor some of the work done by the groups of poetry, represented by the efforts of Dr. Yahya al-Jubouri in the investigation of the poetry and poetry of Abda Ibn al-Ja'ali, the well-known poet. The research also stopped during this tour, which is useful in reading poetry, On his market, not in it, and no defect or sin

The current thesis aims identify (Effectiveness of Counseling Program with a Realistic Treatment Method in Reducing Bonded Identity for Intermediate School Students) by testing the validity of null hypothesis:
1. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group and the control group in the post-test on the scale of bonded identity.

2. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group in the post-test and delayed on the scale of bonded identity.
For the purpose of verifying the objective of the research and its hypotheses the researcher used the experimental method with a design for two groups the experimental group and control group with the post-test, for the two groups, and delayed test for the control group only. The current research is determined by the students of the Intermediate School for Morning Study at District of Baqubah related to Governorate of Diyala for the academic year (2018-2019).
The constructed scale of sample was (400) students from the second Intermediate stage, who have been chosen from the research community about (4953). The sample for implementing the counseling program was (20 students) who have been chosen deliberately among the students who have got high grades in the mean weight about (45 students) on the scale of bonded identity. They are distributed into two groups (experimental group and control group) about (10) students in each group. The equivalence of the groups was conducted by a number of variables (marks of students on scale of bonded identity, academic achievement for the father and mother, and the job of father and mother). A counseling program was built according to realistic treatment method for Glasser. For identifying the level of bonded identity for Intermediate school students, the researcher build a bonded identity measurement. The scale in it first form included (28 items), and was exposed to group of specialists and judges in measurement and evaluation assuring that the test is valid and stable, after that the test in its final form included (27 items).
The data were statistically treated using (kai- Square, Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test for two independent samples, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K.S.), Alpha-Cronbach equation, Mann Whitney for two independent samples, and Wilcoxon two-correlated samples).
The results showed effectiveness in reducing bonded identity for the individuals of the control group. The researcher presented a group of recommendations and suggestions.

This research aims to identify:
The first goal: knowledge insight among university students.
The second objective: the significance of the statistical differences in the cognitive insight of university students according to the variables of sex (males, females) and specialization (scientific, human).
In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher built the cognitive insight scale based on the model of Beck (2004)) and her definition of cognitive insight. The researcher verified the psychometric properties of the scale, then the apparent validity and construct validity were extracted and the stability was extracted using the method of Fakronbach, so the coefficient of stability was (0,81). The scale in its final form consists of (29) items suitable for measuring cognitive insight.
Then the scale was applied to the basic research sample of (400) male and female students from Diyala University, for the morning study, and for the academic world (2017-2018) who were chosen by the stratified random method of equal distribution, and after processing the statistical data using (arithmetic mean, standard deviation) T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent samples, binary analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis). The following results were reached:
University students have the knowledge insight.
- There are no statistically significant differences on the cognitive insight scale according to the sex variables (male, female) and specialization (human, scientific).
The researcher reached a number of recommendations and proposals.

The aim of this research was to identify the level of listening with understanding and sympathy of the educational counselors in the General Directorate of Education at Diyala and the difference in the level of listening with understanding and sympathy according to variables of gender, social status and duration of service. The sample of the research was limited to the educational counselors in Diyala Governorate (260 male and female Counselor). After applying the research tool on the research sample, the researcher found that the research sample enjoys a high level of listening with understanding and sympathy. There is no significant difference between the educational counselors according to variables of gender and length of service. There are no statistically significant differences depending on the social situation, except the difference in the relationship depending on the social situation (married - divorced) and (single - divorced). The research came out with some recommendations and suggestions.

The current study sheds the light on the foundations of Afghani press in 1865 and the issuance of the 1ST Afghani official Newspaper in the country, besides the efforts of the Afghani princes to find out an Afghani press to freely express opinions and agreements of the government of Afghan toward the international events . It explains the stages of developments through which the Afghani press has passed through ,along with the newspapers headlines and periodical newspapers and its political trends . The issuance of the 1st law for printings was in 1951 and the role of this law into issuing free newspapers that expressed opinions and thoughts of the political movements in addition to the official newspapers spoken by the name of the Afghani government . In 1965 it has been issued the law of press that organized the Afghani newspapers. The current study has explained the difficulties through which the newspapers have underwent and that being issued under the Royal Era in addition to the exposition of the most important periodic newspapers that have been issued in the Royal Era in 1973.

The honorable angels are illuminate bodies created by almighty Allah and assigned to them special functions, and enabled them to perform those functions to the fullest, and their existence was remarkable in the Holy Quran, which make me pounder upon their mentioned in several Qur'anic verses, the study found them defined in many descriptions, which drew my attention to the descriptions related to their functions, so I deliberated in this research to highlight the semantics of those descriptions.
It is meant of (descriptions) the general description of angels, not the grammatical character, so it’s not propose the adjectives. In counting these descriptions, it appeared that they were twenty descriptions, divided into two sections, which dealt with the first section: descriptions of human-related functions, five functions: counting his work, taking out his soul, accompanying him in the corner, keeping him in the world, and pushing him into the fire if he was a family, and the study ranked them according to their number swell first and foremost. They were mentioned in the Qur'an second, and the descriptions of these functions were thirteen. In the second theme, the descriptions of non-human functions, the first: the landing of heavenly messages, the second: the treasury of paradise and fire, and the third: the cloud market, the descriptions of these functions were seven descriptions, five for the first job, and one description for each of the second functions. The third, which was arranged according to its abundance and has already been mentioned in the Qur'an as well.
Since, the study is limited by a number of pages, it cannot analyze all the descriptions, so in the first section intend to elected one description from each function for analysis, the analytical descriptions were five. In the second section has been analyzed four descriptions of two of the first function, and the only description of each of the second and third function; To keep balance between the two sections. Therefore, almost half of the descriptions have analyzed.

Abstract: The integrated approach of science, mathematics, technology and engineering is an essential goal of educational systems. The aim of this research was to reveal a proposed program based on the STEM's gradual activities in developing students' scientific skills and ways of solving problems, and whether this program affects their tendency towards science. The researchers used a semi-experimental approach based on one experimental group that was exposed to the program during the 2018 Summer Forum. The program's teachers and supervisors were trained for 30 hours and then applied to 46 middle school students aged 11-13 years. The forum lasted for six weeks.
The results revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the development of scientific concepts among the participants. There was also a noticeable growth in their thinking and problem solving skills. Finally, their inclination toward science learning has grown. This research produced a practical applicable program kit; a guide for the instructor, a practical workbook for the student and a number of tools. The researchers recommended that it is an urgent need to establish scientific forums during summer period, and the need to build enrichment activities outside the time of academic education, and finally, the need to train teachers STEM skills in all stages.

The research dealt with the study of the Orientalist Stanley Lynn Paul (1854-1931 A.D.) and his biography and the Book “ Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem ”. The study of the importance of the book and the reason for writing, its subject, and the resources that Lynn Paul used in authoring this book. Then the method and style of the author in introducing the subjects that have been dealt in his book.

The current research aims to identify:
1- The level of cystithymia among university students.
2- The significance of the differences in alexithymia among university students according to the variables of gender (male, female) and specialization (scientific, human).
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the Alexithymia (Tyler) scale with its foreign version containing ((26 paragraphs) and extracted the validity of the translation by presenting the original copies and the translated copy from Arabic into English to a group of specialists in education, psychology and those who are fluent in the English language, and she obtained a percentage An agreement (100%), after which the scale was applied to the sample of the statistical analysis, and the researcher verified the psychometric properties of the scale, as the validity was extracted in two ways, namely: the apparent validity and the validity of the construct, then the consistency was extracted by the following methods: Retesting, and the stability factor reached (0.80) And Vackronbach reached the coefficient of stability (0.79), so that the scale was ready for application in its translated Arabic version, consisting of (21) paragraphs.
1. University students do not have alexithymia.
The two variables (gender, specialty) influence differences in cystithymia. The results showed that males have higher degrees of alexithymia than females.

The research presented a number of grammatical issues that were built on precession. These issues are:
First: divergence in position, in which the dispute between the Basri and the Kufi schools is dealt with over the preference.
Second: The union of the condition and the oath in one position, in which I dealt with the answer of each of them and the adoption of the precession in mentioning or deleting the answer.
Third: foregrounding the adverb if the agent is an adverb or a similar one.
Fourth: The accusative agent in object with.
Fifth: foregrounding the agent of (MA) Al-Hijaziya over its subject and predicate.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the reformulation method on developing the personal struggle of orphan students by identifying the following hypotheses:
1. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the scores of the control group in the pre and post tests on the scale of personal struggle.
2. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the scores of the experimental group in the pre and post tests on the scale of personal struggle.
3. There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the scores of the control and experimental groups in the post test on the scale of personal struggle.
For the purpose of conducting the instructional program in the method of reformulating according to the theory of (reformulating Pandora), (10) students were selected and were intentionally distributed into two groups (experimental and control group) by (5) students for each group, and the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and percentage weight for each paragraph of the scale were extracted The program sessions consisted of (16) sessions that took place every week, three sessions for each group.
While the search results indicated:
1- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) in the development of personal struggle among the control group according to the test (pre-numerical).
2- There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) in the development of the personal struggle of the experimental group according to the test (pre-post).

It is worth noting that semantic secrets in detached pronouns are far more obvious in the attached ones, as detached pronouns form an independent unit from which many speech phenomena emerge. Therefore, they can be explicated, and explained by virtue of their exploitation, which makes them similar to proper noun.
The question of the obligatory detachment of pronoun in Arabic and its various connotations is a repertoire that cannot be comprehensively explicated by such paper or even to fully figure it out. It is sufficient in this paper to deal with some of these connotations and to refer to them as it is a window that opens, only to those of high literary taste and linguistic sense, abundant horizons of understanding the methods and tasting them literally. The structure of pronouns challenged the rules of grammarians during the absence of confusion, because it is characterized by freedom of language not by the limitations of grammar to reach the desired meaning of texts. Thus, pronoun detachment embodied a form of linguistic creativity.
The aim of this paper is to elucidate the meanings that the obligatory pronoun detachment leads to, so that these meanings stand side by side with the connotations of context in the texts, to accomplish the meaning of the sentence

The true pre-Islamic text is an open text for multiple readings. It is vital that requires depth of reflection and transcends the superficial view to a deeper insight that enables the actual reader and with his capacity for interpretation to present a reading that differs from the readings presented through the historical chain of readers.
The reading adopted by the research is based on the interaction between the text and the reader in the presence of the implicit reader who embodied in the spaces of the text that the creator deposited his text intentionally or unintentionally, and this means that the implicit reader has authority over the real reader, an authority based on raising the real recipient’s attention to the presence of planned areas in The text, from here, the actual reader begins to reproduce the text by means of what he possesses in terms of interpretation by which he exceeds the surface structure of the text, and this is what the text expects a reader prepared for it, without neglecting or neglecting any reading or diminishing its value as a superficial reading, so the first reading It remains the basic reading in every reading and the start to a new reading.
The blanks are not what represent the image of the implicit reader. In addition to the blanks, the style of dialogue adopted by the poet in his formulation of his text and the pronouns, and the ability to interact between the real reader and the textual structure

The reader of the Qur'an finds that there are strange vocabulary interacted with the Verses in a wonderful and beautiful way not and the Holy Quran came down in the language of the Thad (Colloquial Arabic), and the Arabic was honored by the descent of the Qur'an.The researcher stopped when reading Surat Al-Kahf on Friday hoping to formulate (Hatta) with the story of Our Master Moses on our Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) and Dhul Qarnain, the researcher found it exactly employed at the Verse {60} and was mentioned in {9 Verses}.The word (Hatta) was employed in Surat Al-Kahf with events in the past narrated by Allah some of which are the story of our Master Moses and Al-Khadir (Peace on Him) and his boy JoshuaBenNunn with the story of Dhul Qarnain. It was not suitable with the other stories at the beginning of the Verse like the story of the owners of the cave and the owners of paradise.

In every single word or word of the Arabic language is a feature that distinguishes it from the other vocabulary and this feature is sometimes in ugliness and beauty or soft and difficult to speak or the consistency of letters with each other all of that made the Arabs give and distinguish some words from the other and give priority to some and therefore my research this study focused on One of the words of the Arabic language is that it is Namariq and how this word had its presence in the Arabic language except in the Holy Qur’an or the approach to rhetoric or the sermons of the Arabs and their poetry and prose and we highlighted the literary purposes and the employment of the word in each of these purposes that the speaker wanted in our research.
Therefore, it can be said, and it is not an exaggeration, that this study is rare in studies, so as we mentioned earlier, it was difficult to go into it and the difficulty lies in aspects of it that it is a topic that has never been studied and there is no study that can be used and search for that single in the folds of books and Arab sources I pray to God Almighty to be I have succeeded in preparing this research and presenting a study that can be used on the honorable reader, asking God Almighty that this simple work be acceptable to him and that the reader has found a topic that won his approval and admiration and from God the success.

The current research aimed at identifying psychological pressures among middle school students in Dhi Qar Governorate, and identifying the differences in the level of psychological pressures according to the sex variables (male - female) branch (scientific - literary).
The basic research sample consisted of (300) male and female students chosen randomly from middle schools in Dhi Qar Governorate. The researcher has verified the apparent honesty of the research tool by presenting it to a group of experts specializing in educational and psychological sciences, as well as verifying its consistency by using the retest method and the Alpha Crow formula A reprimand for the search tool, as the value of the stabilization coefficient by the method of repetition reached (0.81), and the value of persistence using the Alpha Crew coefficient reached (0.88)
Data were statistically treated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent samples, T-test for the correlation coefficient, and appropriate statistical methods were used.

The current research aimed at awareness of creativity and its relationship to complementary thinking among middle school students, to identify the level of creativity awareness among middle school students and to identify the differences in the level of creativity awareness and its relationship to thinking according to the gender variable (male - female) as well as to identify the relationship between awareness of creativity and its relationship to integrative thinking Among middle school students.
The basic research sample consisted of (140) male and female students randomly chosen from middle schools in Mosul. The researcher verified the apparent honesty of the two research tools by presenting them to a group of experts specializing in educational and psychological sciences, and also verified their consistency by using the alpha-crows equation for the research tools. The value of the persistence coefficient for the creativity awareness tool was (0.82), and the value of persistence using the Alfa Crünbacher coefficient for the integrative thinking tool was (0.88).
The researcher has used the appropriate statistical means for her research such as the Fakronbach equation, Pearson correlation coefficient, T-test for one sample, and T-test for two independent samples. T-test for the correlation coefficient and

The research aims to identify “The Impact of One-Minute Strategy in Cognitive Achievement of the Material of Literature and Texts among Fifth Grade Literary Students”, and to achieve this goal the researcher set the following sub-objectives:
1.Designing teaching plans to teach according to the one-minute strategy of literature and texts material.
2.To measure the impact of the teaching plans designed according to the one minute strategy paper by implementing them on fifth grade literary students, and in order to achieve the goal of the research the researcher formulated the following hypotheses: The First Hypothesis: there is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average grades of students of the two experimental groups and the control in the cognitive achievement test in literature and text material in pre-tests.
The Second Hypothesis: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average grades of students of the two experimental groups and the control in the cognitive achievement test in literature and text material in post-tests.
The Third Hypothesis: there is no statistically significant difference at the level of indication (0.05) between the average score of students of the two experimental groups and the control in the cognitive achievement test to measure the impact of one minute strategy in literature and texts material in post-tests.
The research sample consisted of (46 students) at fifth grade /literary from AL-Talaa Al-Nadhed Preparatory School for boys divided between two groups, were section (A) represents the experimental group and the number of its students are (23) studied using the one minute strategy, and the section (B) represented the control group and the number of its students (23) studied using the traditional way. The researcher equaled statistically between the two groups in a number of variables (test of previous experience, chronical age, educational achievement of parents), then the researcher identified the scientific material and formulated (84) behavioral goals and prepared the teaching plans.
The researcher prepared a tool for a post-test in cognitive achievement consisting of (30 items) of the type of multiple choice with four alternatives, and its validity, stability were checked. The researcher used statistical means (T-test for two independent and equal samples and square K2, discrimination and difficulty factors for objective items, effectiveness of wrong alternatives, and correlation coefficient Pearson for calculating stability, and equation of the size of the effect (Cohen, 1988).
The results after being processed statistically showed the superiority of the experimental group that studied using the one-minute strategy in the cognitive achievement of literature and texts material, and at the end of the experiment the researcher came up with a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions in which emphasized the effectiveness of the one-minute strategy in the cognitive achievement of literature and texts material. The researcher suggested similar studies for other dependent variables and for other stages of study.

Islam forbids the perfume of the deceased, and forbids it in general, because it is a tribute to the deceased, as well as to those who carry the dead to find a pleasant and aromatic smell. And the effect of ihraam remains on him, even if he is rumored.

Performers of comedy know well that the power of their performance lies in their awareness of transforming the painful and serious truths into comic relief. The performer who bears the real cost of such mission cares greatly for the meaning of that offset. Through speakable or mime acting, the employer of the slapstick or any similar types of physical comedy comes up with the idea of showing seriousness comically and professionally. Performance of clowning distinctively gets the purpose of inducing hearty laughter and indulges skillfully in the depth of the truth and its climaxing aftermath. This can be achieved when the roles are performed dramatically pretending not desperate while actually they are so disparate of the severe realistic situation. Fundamentally, the clown’s task more comic tends to be comic making people smile or laugh. But he/she acts in a proper or particular way to reflect pain and mischief foolishly. Clown’s tact and dexterity nip up with the skill of performance and how the clown is clever to perform comedy, magic, voodoo, and tragedy.
The paper’s theme sheds light on the traditional meaning of the clown and the updating specific evaluation of the political and social significance of theatrical clowning unlike the classical fool or court jester played during Shakespearean time.. First, the study presents an introduction to the art of clowning staged theatrically and the major types of clowns. The study initiates the modern conceptual analysis of theatrical clowning preceded by a brief introduction about the serious clowning plays such as The Clown by the Syrian poet and playwright Muhammad Al-Mayghout, and Bill Irwin's The Regard of Flight (1983) and Largely New York (1989). Then, the attention is significantly directed to highlight the role of clowns as messengers of political and social themes who intelligently deliver messages through wordless performance discussed in some modern plays such as Clomadeus (1991), performed by the imagistic Soviet troupe Ilkhom, and Come Down From the Mountain John Clown, John Clown (1993) devised by Barabbas. The paper rounds off its analysis by a brief conclusion