MUSTANSIRIA DENTAL JOURNAL

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of residential factor on periodontal status (oral hygiene, gingival health and calculus assessment) among the primary school children in Ninevah.                ·

An  oral health survey was conducted among 2640 primary school children aged 6 and 12 years old from 66 randomly selected schools in different geographical locations (urban, peri-urban and rural areas) ofNinevah Governorate.

Examination of  periodontal status was performed using WHO periodontal

probe. The indices used to assess the periodontal status are (plaque index, gingival index and calculus index).

The results showed th(lt (63.1%) of 6 year old and (29.5%) of 12 years old have a healthy gingiva. The prevalence of gingivitis was higher in rural than peri­

urban and urban, with significant differences while no significant between boys and girls.

The result indicated that the urban children have a lower significant mean gingival index score than peri-urban and rural areas.                               .

According to the geographical locations, the children in urban and peri-urban areas  have less  mean  plaque  index  than  rural areas  with  significant differences between children of urban and rural areas of 6 years old children only. According to the sex difference, there were no statistically significant differences between the boys and girls.

The study demonstrated that the mean of calculus index was almost similar in different areas for both 6 and 12 years old children, while according to the sex, the girls reported significantly lower mean that boys.

Many bone replacing materials had been used to manage the problem of large defect folowing oralsurgery, of these materials include hydroxyapatite, bone morphogenic protein, allograft. nI this experimental study a pastes of eggshel powders and calcium sulfate (callus) had been implanted ni holes created ni the mandible of the six dogs and compared with control holes that filled nothing The results were evaluated clinically, radiographically and histopathologically. Clinically at the 7 postoperative day showed that the hole that filled with the cgg shell completely healed and difficult ot distinguish from het adjacent normal bone. While the hole that filed with calcium sulfate also proved a good healing potential but at less degree from that of eggshell, whereas the control hole was clearly obvious. Radiographically Osteogenesis was assessed by the degree of opacities ni that seems ot be clear in the three holes, which made on the mandible (Control, and the treated groups). But seem to be complete opacity ni the two treated group, while the control group only seems to be little. Histopathologically The results showed heavy infiltration of active osteoblasts cells which appear as a sheet of primitive spindle shaped cells surrounding the eggshell materials with immature bone (osteoid) along ti In control hole no osteoblast cell is seen only fibrosis. The hole that filled with callus showed moderate bone activity with little amount of osteoblast cells when compared with egg shel.

Bisecting angel technique si used for viewing (30) selected vital teeth from patients who attended a dental clinic for extracting those teeth mostly because of pain. The selected teeth are upper and lower central incisors, canines, and premolars. Asize 20 file si inserted ni each tooth, with different length as follows: 19mm which are calibrated after they had extracted using a ruler. It si found that when the difference between file end and the apex of the tooth is not exceed (0.5 mum,) the bisecting angle technique give an accurate estimation for working length of the tooth, otherwise this technique is not recommended to be used in root canal treatment because of the incorrect estimation that is gained when the difference is more than (0.5 mm). 

 A 102 (68 males and 34 females) dental student and staff questioned whether or not having experienced aphthus ulceration (Au). A questioner form which shows later ni the text, was prepared. Data showed females experienced (Au) more than males and individual with blood group AB have higher liability than individuals with other blood groups. The inner site of the lip was the com monest site affected. Majority of individuals with (Au) were able to relate their condition to variable stress and emotional factors. Individuals with smoking habit are very rarely affected by Au.

The severity of extrinsic black dental stain in relation to dental caries and levels of mutans streptococci ni saliva was studied. The study population consisted of 23 children with mean age of 8 ‡ 2.15 years. A lower caries experience was recorded among children with black stain than those with out, however a statistical difference was seen only among permanent dentition P< 0.05. A lower level of bacteria was recorded among children with the stain compared to other group, but difference was not significant P> 0.05. A strong and highly significant inverse corelation coefficient was seen between the severity of dental stain and DMFS, r = -0.53 P<0.01. As for dmfs and levels of bacteria for each an inverse correlation was seen but statistically not significant P>0.05.

 The use of Khat "catha leaves" chewing appear to be finding its way onto the people in Yemen as a socially acceptable and popular habit. Numerous reports have described oral changes that appear to be associated with the use of catha leaves chewing ni adult. A study was therefore undertaken to determine the influence of catha leaves chewing on the mucosa of the oral cavity. Among the total sample of 120 adult habitué, red lesions are identified clinically ni the oral mucosa of six individuals. nI three individuals white lesions are identified at the muccobuccal fold and superficial lesions with color similar to surroundings mucosa was identified in 12 individuals.

 The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries using DMFS index ni a group of school children lived ni area with neligible and above optimal natural fluoride contained drinking water ni Ninevah Governorate. The study si conducted among (1724) schools students aged 11-16 ycars from randomly selected schools (primary and intermediate) ni two provinces ni Ninevah Governorate. Nine hundred and eleven students who had lived since birth in area with neligible fluoride level (Talkaif) province (0.11-0.19 ppm) and (813) students lived continuously from birth in area with above optimal natural fluoride ni their drinking water (Sinjar province) (2.05-2.22ppm). WHO methodology (1997) has been used to assess the dental caries status using DMFS index for permanent teeth. The results show that in Sinjar province the mean DMFS for total sample were (24.0) and (36.2%) are caries free with no sex differences, while there is a significant increase in the mean DMFS with increase the age. On the other hand, ni Talkaif province hte results reveal higher DMFT (5-14) und lower percent of caries free students (19,1%) with high significant differences om Sinjar province. The mean DMFS reported more than twice ni Talkaif province an Sinjar province. The percentage of reduction of dental caries ni area with fluoride (Sinjar poovince) has been found to be (55.3%) compare ot area with neligible fluoride (Talkaif province)

This study was conducted to evaluate the apical seal after lateral compaction with three types of spreaders thirty mesial canals of mandibular molars were prepared using the step-back technique and laterally condensed with gutta-percha and ZOE sealer. The roots were classified into three groups (I, II, III) and obturated as follows: group (1) was obturated with hand spreaders (ISO#30).Group (Il) was obturated with stainless steel finger spreaders Group (III) was obturated with nickel titanium finger spreaders. After 48 hours ni na incubator, the roots were coated with wt o layers of nail polish followed by one layer of sticky wax and were then submerged in 2% methylene blue. The roots were then split longitudinally and the apical leakage measured and compared for each group. The result showed that group I (with nickel titanium finger spreaders) has statistically the lowest mean of dye penetration followed by group (with stainless steel finger spreaders).Group I(with hand spreaders) showed the highest mean of dye penetration.

Treating the patient requiring prosthesis si one of the most challenging and demanding aspects ni dentistry. One of the important dental health problems in the community si edentulousness, where some of the edentulous patients refuse dental consultation for denture treatment. The aim of this study was ot investigate the role of psychoneurotic status of the edentulous patients and other social and individual variables on refusal of denture treatment. Asample consisting of 18 denture refusing patients were compared with 94 satisfied denture wearers as a control group. Crown-Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI was used to assess the psychoneurotic status of both groups. Compared with hte control group, denture refuser's scores were statistically higher ni their psychoneurotic status according ot the CCEL, phobia and obsession were amongst the most obvious personality traits ni the study group. In conclusion, the findings of this study highlighted the importance of psychological factors and their role ni the patients' refusal for complete denture treatment

This study was carried out to compare the effects of different orthodontic adhesive materials on the micro-hardness of human enamel surface with different incubation period and ot evaluate the morphology of enamel surface before and after orthodontic treatment using polarized light microscope. The sample includes one hundred twenty sound maxillary arid mandibular first premolar teeth which have been extracted for orthodontic treatment purpose from (13- 19) years old patients. The samples were divided into one as a control group and three experimental groups (lIl.Ill) according to the type of the orthodontic adhesive materials Reliance orthodontic products No-Mix. Advantage No-Mix. Orthodontic bonding system No-Mix) respectively. Each group consists of 03 samples and each group subdivided into three subgroups (10 sample) according ot the time of incubation 2( weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks) and each subgroup divided to (5 upper, 5 lower). The study showed that enamel decalcification was associated with fixed orthodontic appliance thereby and the hardness of enamel si highest with group I (orthodontic bonding system No-Mix) folowed by group 1(Reliance orthodontic products) and group I (Advantage No-Mix). The study indicate that there was non significant difference between group I (Advantage No-Mix and group I (Orthodontic bonding system No-Mix) after 2 and 4 weeks period times bonding ni reduction of micro hardness values in both upper and lower teeth-while there si high significant difference between them ni micro hardness values after 8weks period times bonding ni both upper and lower teeth. The result of polarized light microscope finding show destruction of the perikymata of enamel during 2 weeks period time and increased ni destruction during 4 weeks period time but during 8 weeks period time there is remineralization only ni group 1 fOrthodontic bonding system No-Mix)

An epidemiological survey of root caries ni 228 Yemenes individuals aged between 20 years ot more than 60 revealed an age and gender adjusted over all root caries index (RCI) rate of 34% indicating that approximately one ni three surfaces with gum recession exhibited root caries, age adjusted RCI rate were nearly the same figures for both male and female with no significant difference between them, but there was a statistically significant age difference. The study revealed that for severity of the root caries lesion, grade I (incipient) was mostly prevalent for both gender ni the young age groups while, grade II, Ill and VI figures began to increase for both gender in older ages with significant difference, From this study, it my be concluded that root surface caries si a major problem ni people not treated from periodontal diseases, and ni order to provide specific preventive regimes and improved treatment for root surface lesion it is essential that data be collected and the prevalence and distribution of the disease is estimated

The objective of shit study was conducted ot evaluated the periodontal health status of patients with acquired coronary heart disease (CHD) and compare ti ot control group. The study group consists of 200 patients with an age arnge (35-70) years, had coronary heart discase and compared to control group fo non -coronary heart disease matching with age &sex. Periodontitis, loss 'of attachment &missing teeth were assessed using CPI (WHO (1997). Results showed highly significant differences between study &control groups ni al degree of severity diseased periodontal conditions (p<0.001). The percentage of patients with periodontal disease and loss of attachment ni study group 68%, 58.5%respectively higher than control group 50.5%and 35%respectively. It was concluded that periodontal disease more common among patients with CHD than control. Thus the possibility of chronic oral infection or similar factor may be positively associated with CHD at least ni patients susceptible to CHD

This study was carried out ot determine whether the dissociation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) depends on the vehicle used with ti yb evaluating the release of calcium ions (Cat) and hydroxyl ions (OH) from mixing of MTA whti four types of vehicles: distilled water, camphorated monochlorophenol (CMCP), plain local anesthetic solution, and chlorhexidine gluconate, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and digital pH meter respectively. The results demonstrated that hte distilled water and plain local anesthetic solution are hte most suitable vehicles to eb mixed with MTA and can be routinely used ni preference ot al the other vehicles

 The present investigation was undertaken ot study the efficacy of fibrin adhesive system (tissucol) sa a substituting material ot hte traditional suturing, and ot compare the clinical findings obtained ni case of traditional suture, thus, two groups each of 12 adult periodontitis patients of nearly equal age, were subjected ot the repositioned flap, apicaly repositioned flap, modified Widmann flap and free gingival graft surgical procedures. Haemostatic time (H.T.), flap adaptation time (F.A.T.), postoperative discomfort time (P.O.D.T.) (pain and swelling) and clinical healing achievement time C.H.A.T. of tissucol group (T.G.) were compared ot those of suturing group (S.G.). This study showed that fibrin adhesive system provides rapid haemostatic action and excellent fap adaptation. Its introduction shortened significantly the clinical healing period of wounded area and shortened the postoperative tim

dental The aim of this study was ot investigate the association between hte maternal caries, birth order on carly childhood caries. Material and methods sample subjects consist of 126 mother-child pairs, age of children range betwen 30-54 months, DMFS/dmfs represent the caries experience, salivary samples were taken for counting streptococcus mutans. Results showed that maternal caries experience and salivary mutans streptococci have significant association with their children the sequence of child ni the family effect the caries experience of hte child. Conclusion these findings are compatible with the hypotheses that adult oral diseases are associated with hte probability of exposure ot infectious agent and earlier bacterial colonization during childhood

The possibility of employing the frontal sinus ni orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning has been verified. The frontal sinus width, maxillary, and mandibular base lengths have been determined cephalometrically from a sample of 73 Iraqi orthodontic patients aged 1 - 51 years, ranked into skeletal classes ,I I and I. The results showed increased frontal sinus width in class I and IlI subjects, ni addition to a significant correlation between frontal sinus enlargement and the increased jaw bone length. It has been concluded that the frontal sinus, as seen on lateral cephalogram, can be utilized clinically as an aid ni orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning