Journal of University of Babylon

One of the aesthetics of modern and contemporary poetry is that his poetic language contains different cultures and references, which called poets to compete for a special language in which he is almost a professional. Quranic), or through the phrase or word inspired by the Qur’anic or doctrinal, which enables the poet to be a knight in this field.

The research deals with the study of the grammatical rules contained in the dictionary of Lisan al-Arab and the opinions of the grammarians in it, linking this to what was mentioned in the basic books of grammar. In addition, it links the study of the linguistic meaning in the Arabic language to the grammatical approach. The research aims to study the grammatical issues in the dictionary of Lisan al-Arab and the opinions of the grammarians in it and to know the effect of introducing the grammatical issue on the performance of the linguistic meaning. The research joined between the two sides of the issue related to the study of the linguistic meaning of the Arabic vocabulary and its relation to grammar. The nature of the research demand adopting the descriptive approach and the analysis was taken from its tools. The limits of the research were made in line with the grammatical issues in which the grammarians differed and expressed by Ibn Mandhur in his dictionary.

The research aims to identify the spatial disparity of people with disabilities in Iraq for the year 2019, as it is a phenomenon and a problem facing our country, Iraq, as a result of the economic, political and social conditions after the year 2003, and it has been increasing in recent years in our society for lack of interest in them.
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the use of a set of statistical data and methods was used, the use of percentages and a cartographic representation to describe the problem, clarify its dimensions and ways to reduce it, and identify their demographic characteristics.
The research indicated that Baghdad governorate has the highest rate of (1.2 %) for the year 2019 for people with disabilities, followed by Nineveh Governorate and Basra Governorate with a similar rate of (0.6%).
The disability rate for gender also varied, as it increased for males over the females, with the exception of Baghdad Governorate, where the percentage of female disability increased. Disability is also higher in urban areas compared to rural areas.
Movement disability has recorded the highest types of disability compared to sight, understanding, perception, hearing, communication and self-care The study recommended a number of proposals, the most important of which is to continue to complete their educational attainment and integrate them into the labor market as they are an integral part of the community's population.

This research aims to identify the most important representations of the dialogue between creativity and perception in contemporary Arabic calligraphy. It deals with the concept of dialogue and its effect on the processes of creativity and perception, as well as presenting the calligraphic currents in contemporary Arab art. The research sample includes five works that are intentionally selected. The researcher follows the descriptive and analytical approach in analyzing the samples. Among the most important findings of the research is that dialogue plays a great role in achieving intellectual and stylistic diversity in artistic works that follow the style of the Arabic letter as a basic factor in them and which have been affected by factors of specificity stemming from the nature of life and the circumstances of each country, so most of the artists presented works with experimental formulations. Catch up with everything new and developed in the field of art, life and technology. We conclude from this the Arab artist’s keenness to benefit from historically rich forms and employ them in the context of his pursuit of artistic and cultural transition and diversity with a contemporary vision. For his works to remain within the circle of connection between heritage and creativity together.

The ancient Arabic grammar lesson celebrated the study of coordinating parallelism, and it was one of the most important grammatical issues that received a large share of the attention of Arab grammarians.
In the modern era, coordination has been taken aside from the efforts of modernists of different orientations and doctrines, trying to benefit in its study of the findings of modern linguistics, and this is what prompted some of them to look at the transformations in the structures, patterns and images of kindness, in which the truth represents a formal transformation. Accompanying a profound transformation of the structures, and hence their significance.
Hence the linguistics of the text is concerned with a set of concepts and terminology, perhaps the most important of which is the term textual coherence, so that the text is a great comprehensive unit, coherent and coherent in all its ideas, on the other hand, we may find a group of sentences interconnected with each other, but they do not form a solid text. There must be a set of links between these sentences, the most important of which are: conjunctions or formulas; Because it is considered one of the most important links contributing to textual coherence and consistency, hence the choice (not) on emotion, not just for the vocabulary but for the sentences.

Creativity is one of the most important ways to reach ideas and solutions to unsolved problems and issues, whether aesthetic or marketing. Creative thinking has the importance and necessity of entering as a partner with the professional and skill aspects the designer must master, as all these aspects interfere to produce a design work that performs its real work. The current research aims to (1) study the effectiveness of creativity in the processes of graphic design according to the building of knowledge specific to the function and creativity and (2) explain the reality of the forms with their various sources, meanings, formal and aesthetic relationships, and ideas of design to achieve the objective of showing it as a typographical achievement. Most creative productions are linked to a common factor which is based on specific intellectual and philosophical doctrines, i.e. each creative product has its intellectual or philosophical circle from which it originates in the world of creativity. Therefore, the researcher has included what is related to the design form within its theoretical framework, through Arab and foreign sources to obtain indicators useful to the operational aspects of this research. The research community is represented by (20) printed design forms with various objectives from which (5) samples are chosen in a deliberate way. This sample is characterized by certain advantages and characteristics to yield objective results. The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are:
1) The simple and direct design idea achieves a communication and functional goal more quickly for the recipient as well as fluency in calling its contents.
2) The designer resorts to an unfamiliar idea characterized by novelty and originality that leads to attraction and excitement.
3) It was a result that the indirect idea was creative as a result of the new formal formulation, which led to excitement, excellence and attraction, as well as its effects on intellectual contents.

This research means studying the actor’s body in terms of its expressions. Through the movement it is possible to distinguish between what is internal and what is external. After analyzing the director of the theatrical character and its motives, he can communicate the internal personality states of the actor and thus this character is embodied on the basis of mutual thinking between the actor and the director, not for the sake of showing these ideas And feelings on the body to be an expressive body understood by the recipient, and from here the director exercises his representatives on two types of performance by the body, one of which is internal and which relates to psychological aspects and the other is visual indicative resulting from agreement on the form of movement, and for this the researcher divided his research into four chapters, which are the first chapter The methodological framework for the research and includes: The research problem centered around the following question (What is the mechanism that the trainer uses to count the body of an actor to be able to express the body (internal and external)? Then the importance of research and the need for it, then the goal of the research, and then the limits of the research: temporal from (2018) -2019) spatial (Iraq), objectivity and finally defining procedural terms and definitions.
As for the second chapter (Theoretical Framework), it included two topics, the first concerned with the study of Krotovsky and the psycho-physical performance and the second Eugenio Barba and the external physical performance. As for the third chapter, it included the research procedures, samples, research tool and methodology. One sample was chosen, which is the presentation of the play (Crystal) from the performances of the director (Ahmed Muhammad), and the most important results were:
1. The more the subject of the incarnation is close to metaphysical hidden worlds unaware of the mind (the world of the isthmus, death), the more the director (Ahmed Muhammad) pushes to direct and prepare his actors in ways based on evoking those unseen worlds and in an unconscious way, both according to his understanding, references and conception of the idea and thus the physical expression Internally psychologically (scene one, the grave scene).
2. read the physical movement in the third scene (the scene of the conflict) externally because the director (Ahmed Muhammad) participated in more than one actor in the scene, especially as it was a struggle between good and evil, which generated a high dynamic between the two characters and the readable movements of the recipient based on agreement, so the expression was prepared for each movement to express its meaning. (Man, Satan - Good, Evil) and all of these dualities are antitheses resulting from the environment of the same representative individual.
3. The performance was internal, returning to the state of death (the last scene). The director (Ahmed Muhammad) linked the subject with death and divine justice by invoking all the thoughts that the character passed through about the unseen topic, then simulating this situation by pulling the body to the grave to be the end, which required internal performance..
The chapter also contained a set of conclusions, then confirmed the sources

This paper aims to investigate the extent to which training learners in vocabulary learning from context has positive impact on the process of vocabulary acquisition at university level. The study follows a quantitative approach using instructor questionnaire and statistical analysis is conducted through SPSS program. Forty-five instructors from both public and private Sulaimani Province Universities were involved. The main study findings showed that training learners on inside class techniques such as following the steps of inferring meaning from context, using grammatical clues to enhance vocabulary guess and checking the correctness of the guess by using dictionary also training learners on outside class techniques like watching movies, listening to songs, social media interaction and gaming can significantly improve learner’s vocabulary size. The findings also show that among the fore mentioned strategies, training learners to follow the steps of inferring meaning from context and directing learners to infer meaning from context through watching movies are superior to other strategies. Adopting the mentioned ways in this study may positively improve learners’ vocabulary and comprehension, and also speeds up the vocabulary learning process. The findings of this study may also encourage the EFL instructors to follow the techniques depending on their learners’ level of understanding and interest.

Holding the paths and researches of the historical and technical art with the dual demonstration of the vision is reflected in the passages between the art and the observations of the arts, etiquettes and sciences. What is the effect of the extravagant building with its elements is added to the call of the arts and etiquettes, but for the extravagant supply of the monodrama, the art of love and conviction is the special production of the great ones for the cinema, and the honors of those who are grateful. And what is the problem with the direct discussion of the activity (the assembly of the product in the wide area of the Iraqi monodrama.
Submit a discussion on four chapters:
The first chapter: The problem of the debate and its importance and need and the purpose of the debate and the time book and the second chapter on the subject: stop the first debate at that
The meaning of the third chapter: by analyzing the object of the discussion, it is possible to include the expansive width (west) for its expenditure (D. Karim Khanjar) and the explicit (light) expulsion for (D. Lily Muhammad .
And the examination in the chapter of the quarter to the conclusions and conclusions and the origin of the sources and references.

This study reviews the Islamic motifs since its inception and how they evolve and flourish and endure many niceties, where she was plenty of room to show the versatility of the Muslim artist, and those artistic wealth that manuscripts, especially the Holy Quran and buildings and archaeological sights to the content of the art in the field of calligraphy and ornamentation, which enrich the archaeological studies through the diversity of Islamic motifs, which was the most important plant and geometric and linear forms used in the new art and art principles adopted in line with the implementation patterns and how nothing after his death that the style and compatibility with other decorative elements. The most important of the results reached by the researcher:

Based on a number of indicators approved by the Iraqi Ministry of Education, including the index of pupil - school, pupil - class and pupil - teacher. We found that there is a lack in these indicators in Babel Governorate in general, and this deficiency varies from one district to another. It is hypothesized that this lack exist Babel governorate for the academic year 2019-2020, according to the standard of the Iraqi Ministry of Planning of (400) students in the school and (30) students in each section and (17) students per teacher.And since the number of students in Babel Governorate is (411,624), this number is in need of (1029) elementary schools instead of (926)، which means there is lack of (103) primary schools all over the governorate. As for the school classrooms، it is assumed that there should be (13720) classrooms in Babel governorate instead of (9978), which means there is a lack of (3743)). As for the teaching staff, it is assumed that there should be (24213) teachers in Babel governorate instead of (17658), which means there is a lack in the number of teaching staff up to (6555) teachers.

This study deals with the meanings and implications of the will in the Glorious Qur'an. It includes two chapters. The first one is devoted to the research problem, its importance, purpose, and limits, and defines the most important terms of it. The second chapter is devoted to studying the meanings and connotations of the will in the Glorious Qur'an, and has four sections. The first section deals with the categories of the testators in the Glorious Qur'an, while the second section deals with the categories of the heirs in the Glorious Qur'an. The third section is concerned with the categories of the heirloom in the Glorious Qur'an. In the last section, the categories of those who receive the will in the Glorious Qur'an are specified. Then, there are the research conclusions in addition to the recommendations and suggestions, and finally the list of sources.

The research aims to identify geographical factors and their role in the spatial distribution of the population in Governorate of Salah al-Din in terms of their concentration and dispersed patterns for the period 1997-2019 through the use of a group of standards for the distribution of the population such as the numerical, relative and density distribution as well as use of indicators as a ratio of concentration, the Lorenz curve, the Gabs and Martin, as well as the use of GIS spatial analyses such as Standard Distance, Directional Distribution, Average Nearest Neighbor, The research showed There is no spatial balance in the distribution of the governorate's population, because the multiple natural and human geographical potential of the province has chosen the population to take the place of living according to their wishes and their desires therefore the dispersed pattern was a dominant feature of the nature of spatial distribution, particularly in 1997. In 2019, there was a tendency to concentrate the population because of Increasing population growth rates, the wars and mass displacements that the governorate witnessed as well as the influence of administrative, social and economic factors that forced the population to concentrate in some governorate without others.

The study explores the cognitivenetwork and semantics of the Arabic fictive motion constructions of emanation paths within Talmy's framework. One of the claims in cognitive linguistics is that motion event can be used to describe an inherently static scene without any movement in reality, but linguistically, that scene is conceptualized as dynamic movement. Thus, fictive motion (hereafter FM), as a cognitively universal phenomenon, expresses a static physical entity by using dynamic linguistic structure. Emanation is one of the different types of FM which has been investigated by Talmy (1996, 2000). The central aim of this study is to investigate emanation FMin Arabic and to find whether ituses the same constructions that are used in Talmy's model. The study also aims to find if there are other categories that can be used in Arabic and absent in his categorization and vice versa. More precisely, the study looks for an answer to how abstract ideas are acquired and structured in Arabic. The results revealed that more concrete verbs are used in Arabic to describe FM. It also uses categories that are not classified within Talmy's framework.

This study focused on getting acquainted and shedding light on the reality of using technology in the educational process represented by electronic education and the extent of its application, and to identify through the foundations and requirements necessary to achieve it and to reveal the most prominent determinants and obstacles to its application and their repercussions on achieving effective learning and suggesting mechanisms to activate it, which may be a simple attempt to uncover Some of the aspects that may help in crystallizing the vision about the possibility of employing technology in education, and to achieve these goals, the study relied on the descriptive survey approach in collecting information as it is the most appropriate for such, By using the study tool represented by the number of three questionnaires and applying them to the study sample after making sure of. The study population consisted of male and female teachers of social studies in the General Directorate of Education in Karbala Governorate, and a random sample of social teachers was selected (96). After unpacking and classifying the responses of the sample members, the researcher processed the data statistically using frequencies, percentages, arithmetic means and standard deviations, using the statistical program (SPSS). The results of the study showed that: The reality of using e -learning is still in the early stages of its application in schools, and e-learning is of great importance in teaching social subjects, and the obstacles to using e-learning were to a high degree. In light of these results, the researcher recommended: The necessity of adopting e-learning in our schools to keep pace with technical, scientific and technological progress, making use of successful global experiences in the field of e - learning.