ALBAHITH ALALAMI

To meet the scientific necessity, we conducted a study on the current situation of qualitative studies in the field of media applications, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of academic output in this field, as well as to analyze the theoretical and methodological strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, this research paper addressed the modern trends in media research, focusing on the use of the semiotic approach in both Arab and Western schools. To achieve this, we analyzed 151 studies, distributed between Arab and foreign studies, from 2013 to 2022. The study concluded that there is a difference in the application of analysis approaches between Arab and foreign schools in the field of media, and that most Arab school researches are limited to the use of a few approaches without focusing on developments in the application of the semiotic method. Conversely, Western schools attempted to benefit from the application of this method, expanding the areas of analysis. Based on this, we can conclude that there is a future need to develop qualitative studies in the field of media, especially in the Arab school, by expanding the range of approaches used and focusing on developments in the application of the semiotic method.

The history of rhetorical practice has been a history of intentional persuasion, but philosophers and psychologists for centuries have argued, and persuasively so, that much of human subjectivity, and thus much of human persuasion, has profound unconscious dimensions that lead to forms of personal and political pathology. To better understand the roots of these pathologies, which lead to madness, violence and war, this essay explores rhetorical unconsciousness in ways that go far beyond simple notions such as “subliminal advertising,” or the conscious manipulation of unconsciousness, to explain how our very languages and the vast majority of beliefs derived from them are normally unconscious. To accomplish this task, I first engage in a general discussion of rhetorical unconsciousness, then summarize a conceptual framework for identifying different aspects of the same (i.e., the unsayable, the unspoken, and the unspeakable), concluding with a brief discussion of how the analysis of unspeakable things can serve as the basis for a new form of political psychoanalysis.

The research aims to explore the nature of representations of Iraqi journalists' professional identity. It is classified as descriptive research and utilizes the descriptive analytical survey method. A purposive sample of (80) Iraqi journalists was employed, and a questionnaire tool was utilized. Several conclusions were reached, including: Iraqi journalists perform functional roles consistent with the functions of journalism, most notably: providing the public with information, monitoring governmental performance, conveying public opinion to decision-makers, and raising awareness of civil activism effectively. Influences originating within the journalism profession dominate the performance of Iraqi journalists in their professional work more than those exerted from outside. The key elements shaping Iraqi journalists' representations of their professional identity focus on informing the public about hidden issues and providing assistance to them. There were no statistically significant differences in the demographic variables of Iraqi journalists and their representations of their professional identity. There exists a positive correlation between the nature of the functional roles performed by Iraqi journalists and the elements shaping their representations of their professional identity, as well as a positive correlation between the nature of these roles and Iraqi journalists' representations of their professional identity.

The research aims to identify the nature of electronic advertising, the extent of the audience's interaction with electronic advertisements, and the legal cover provided by the law to protect the producer and consumer, as well as to measure the extent of citizens' trust in this cover. The research targeted a random sample of potential audience members, and two electronic questionnaires were distributed to the research sample through several electronic commercial websites that display electronic advertisements on their official pages on social media platforms. The first questionnaire targeted producers or advertisers on social media platforms with a total of (100) respondents, while the second questionnaire was directed at consumers who were exposed to electronic advertisements, whether they interacted with them and were influenced by them or not, with a total of (200) respondents. The research reached several results, including: Nearly two-thirds of the producers did not engage in electronic advertising and promoting their products through social media platforms, with most of them not having considered it or having no prior idea about electronic advertising on social media platforms. A significant percentage of producers used Facebook to display their electronic advertisements and promote their products, while none of them used YouTube. Most producers preferred video advertisements and advertisements presented by celebrities. A significant percentage of the advertising producers exceeded the total sample, and these producers excluded the existence of fraudulent activities by companies or individuals promoting advertisements through various social media platforms, and they believed that there was no legal cover protecting the consumer in case of fraud after purchasing from social media platforms.