Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry

1,3,4 -thiadiazole and 1,3,4 –Oxadiazole bearing Schiff bases derivatives were
prepared in our study by reacting the 1,3,4 – thiadiazole part with 1,3,4
oxadiazole part in ethanol to produce 1,3,4-oxadiazole hydrazinyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole
[C]. which were treated with aromatic aldehyde to produce of 1,3,4- thiadiazole
hydrazinyl 1,3,4- oxadiazole bearing Schiff base D1 and D2 ,The structures of
synthesized compound D1 and D2 have been identified on the principles of their
mass, 1H-NMR,Ft-IR, Mass spectrum and C, H, N elemental analysis .The synthesized
compounds C and D1 Which founded have a strong antimicrobial activity, were
assessed to their antibacterial activity by inhibition the growth of 3 strains of Gram
negative bacteria Pseudomonas auerogenosia , Escherichia coli and one strain
which produce enzyme called extended spectrum Beta lactemse (ESBLs) and 2
strains of Gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus.
Therefore the chemical compound [C] and [D1] it's an important source of new
antimicrobial compounds to treat bacterial

With the study of synthesizing new organic compounds and exploring
biological potency. Aryldiazenyl derivatives (2-5) were carried out by coupling
of diazonium salt of 4-aminoacetophenone (1) and miscellaneous active
methylene compounds such as: acetylacetone, ethyl cyanoacetate, dimedone
or methyl acetoacetate. Moreover substituted 1,2,3-triazole (7-9) were
synthesized by the cyclization of 1-(4-azidophenyl) ethanone (6); (which was
obtained by coupling of diazonium salt (1) with sodium azid); with
acetylacetone, methyl acetoacetate or methyl cyanoacetate, respectively. The
structures of the prepared compounds were promoted by IR, H1NMR and
UV/Visible spectra. Further, they were examined in vetro for antibacterial
activity against five strains of bacteria viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus
subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter uses the
agar diffusion method.

N-(4-methoxy phenyl) acetamide was prepared from acylation of para methoxy aniline which
on further processes such as nitration followed by hydrolysis reduction finally cyclization
with 4-methoxyphenylenediamine and carbon disulfide in presence of potassium hydroxide
in ethanol to afford compound (5)which was treated with hydrazine hydrate in presence of
potassium hydroxide in ethanol to obtain 6-methoxy-2-hydrazino benzimidazole MBI (6)was
then treated with substituted aromatic aldehydes in presence of ethanol to obtained Schiff
bases(6a-d).The new 6-methoxy-2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives (8a-b) are synthesized
by Mannich reaction from 6-methoxy -2-mercapto benzimidazole by reaction between
secondary amine and formaldehyde. 2-(2-ethyl-1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-4-ylthio)-6
methoxy-benzimidazole (9) was synthesized from the reaction of compound MBI with 1
methyl-2-ethyl-4-chloro-5-nitroimidazole. Some the synthesized compounds are confirmed by
Melting points, FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectral and are evaluated for Anti-bacterial activity against
Escherichia coli, Pseudonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes
and Anti-fungal activity against.Candida albicans .Microsporum canis, Aspergillus fumigates.

The present study envisaged utilizing 4-aminoantipyrine as key
intermediate for the synthesis of some new derivatives bearing anti-bacterial
and anti-cancer activities moieties viz., antipyrine diazenyl benzaldehydes 2(a
d) which were obtained by coupling of diazotized 4-aminoantipyrine (1) with
substituted benzaldehydes at 0◦C (iced) temperature. The other antipyrine
derivatives where containing bis heterocycles like bis thiazolidinone-antipyrine
(4), bis imidazolidinone -antipyrine (5) and bis azetidinone -antipyrine
(6).These compounds were prepared through the reaction between 4
aminoantipyrine and terephthaldicarboxaldehyde to get (3) which were
reacted with mercaptoacetic acid , glycine or chloroacetyl chloride separately
to get compounds (4), (5) and (6) respectively. The structures of all
compounds were stablished on bases of melting points, FTIR, 1HNMR , mass
spectroscopy (for some compound) and elemental analysis. These derivatives
were investigated for their anti-bacterial activity against two kinds of
bacteria(G-) and (G+) and compared to the Amoxicilin and Lincomycin
standard drugs.
Two cancer cell lines include: The human pelvic
rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and the mouse cell line( L20B) were used in this
study and these derivatives showed different cytotoxic activity in vitro.

Health and safety is a key concern in any chemistry laboratory because of the
potential risks in handling hazardous materials. These risks can be eliminated
or minimized by promoting good laboratory practices as well as providing
proper safety equipments. Although, there are legislations to govern health
and safety aspects in the workplace, which are applicable to universities,
safety training for students is not always sufficient to promote good safety
practices and the situation varies greatly from one university to another.
The aim of this paper is to examine the status of chemical safety in chemistry
departments at Iraqi universities, which is also applicable to the situation of
other developed countries. In order to carry out this study, a survey on
health and safety was constructed and delivered to heads of chemistry
departments of science colleges at public Iraqi universities. The survey
queried the availability of safety procedures, documentation and provision of
safety equipments in the chemistry departments.
Approximately third of heads did not respond, which shows lack of
appreciation of health and safety issues. The situation is further complicated
by a culture of cover-up and fear of being viewed negatively. As a result,
approximately third of the heads of departments did not respond to the
survey despite repeated requests.
Most of those responded to the survey indicated that their departments have
safety manuals, safety committees/officers and that they provide health and
safety training to staff and students. They also indicated that they provide
safety courses as part of the chemistry curriculum. However, only half of the
chemistry departments had incidents report and safety webpage.
The provision of safety equipments in the chemistry departments varied
greatly from one department to another. Although, all heads responded to the
survey agreed that their departments had basic safety equipments such as
fire extinguishers and fume hoods, a fifth of those responded did not have
gloves and a quarter did not have goggles and first aid kits. Only a quarter of those responded had shower stations, a third had eyewash stations and only
half had proper provisions for chemical waste.
This study showed that the situation of health and safety varied greatly
between chemistry departments in Iraq. The situation is further complicated
by governmental cuts in spending, which made heads of departments allocate
funds for acquisition of chemicals, glassware and instruments rather than on
training and purchasing health and safety equipments. It is beyond belief that
some departments don’t even provide gloves and goggles for their students,
which highlights serious health and safety concerns.
The heads of chemistry departments have an obligation to convey the true
health and safety state in their departments to the ministry of higher
education. They should seek extra governmental funding to deal with some of
the serious lapses of health and safety that are uncovered by this study.