JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES

The importance of the research came from preparing exercises using total body resistance (TRX), which enables the athlete to perform using the required force to overcome the resistance resulting from his mass. The study aimed to prepare exercises using total body resistance (T.R.X) to develop the performance of the forward shoulder rotation skill on a device. Soaring gymnastics for cubs, as well as knowing the effect of exercises using total body resistance (T.R.X) in developing the performance of the front shoulder rotation skill on the slinging apparatus for cubs. The researcher adopted the experimental method to suit it with the nature of the problem and the researcher used a single group design with pre- and post-tests, as all players performed The pre-test is followed by the main experiment, and then the post-test is performed.
The researcher deliberately selected the sample from the young players of the Amanat Baghdad Club in Baghdad Governorate, aged (8-10) years for the sports season (2023-2024). They numbered (5) players, and they represent (100%) of the original research community. All players were a sample for the research, and after obtaining and interpreting the results, the researcher concluded that exercises using total body resistance (TRX) had a positive impact on developing the skill of the forward shoulder rotation on the gymnastics ring apparatus for the cubs. Total body resistance exercises (TRX) have contributed to saving time and effort for the coach and players, and also reduce the risk of injury, especially with the cubs group. The researcher recommends using total body resistance exercises (TRX) to develop other skills in the sport of gymnastics, and using the TRX device in training. For the purpose of increasing players' desire and motivation and to save time, effort and safety during training.

The research aims to identify Detecting the effectiveness of water-based exercises on some biochemical variables in people with obesity, The researcher used the experimental method according to a one-group design with two pre- and post-tests. The research sample was selected from individuals with obesity whose ages ranged between (30-34) years. The research tools included measuring some biochemical variables and fat percentage. A training program based on exercises was designed in The aqueous medium, and the implementation of the program took a period of eight weeks. After completing the implementation of the program and conducting dimensional measurements, the data was collected and analyzed using statistical methods represented by the t-test for correlated samples, measuring the effect size according to Cohen, and extracting the percentage of improvement in the variables under study. The study reached the following conclusions: The training program based on exercises in an aqueous environment was highly effective in improving the biochemical variables and the percentage of fats identified in the research, The highest rates of improvement in the variables under study were in the order (low-density cholesterol, fat percentage, total cholesterol, body mass index, high-density cholesterol), The study recommended emphasizing the use of exercises in the water environment and using them in training programs because of their physical and recreational benefits for the body.

The importance of the research is demonstrated by clarifying the role of learning and teaching using the correct educational methods, including the method of informal cooperative educational groups, to raise the level of defensive skill performance of fencing players. The research problem lies in: There is a clear weakness in defensive performance, unlike offensive performance, which was inferred through polling the opinions of experts and specialists and through observation to learn these skills, which required finding the appropriate educational method, even if it was in the form of (informal groups) for the purpose of treatment and raising the level of Those defensive skills and improving the level of learners and the game of fencing. The most important objectives of the research were: 1- Identifying the effect of cooperative education using the method (informal groups) in learning some defensive skills with epee weapons for students. The experimental method was used, and the research sample was third-year students. It was concluded: 1- Cooperative education in the (informal groups) method achieved the learning objectives and helped students learn some of the defensive skills with the epee weapon. Accordingly, it was recommended: 1- Adoption of cooperative education in the (informal groups) method within the educational units because it achieved the learning objectives and helped. In learning some defensive skills with epee weapons for students.

The study aimed to identify the differences in the level of psychological stress between the players of the Erbil Girl Club and the Kirkuk Girl Club in handball. Also, to identify the differences in the level of aggressive behavior between the players of the Erbil Girl Club and the Kirkuk Girl Club in handball. In addition to identifying the relationship between psychological stress and aggressive behavior for the players of the Erbil Girl Club and the Kirkuk Girl Club in handball. As for the research community, it was chosen intentionally. They are from the players of the Erbil Girl and Kirkuk Girl clubs participating in the Iraqi Women's Handball League 2023-2024, with a total of (33) players, with (17) players for Kirkuk Girl Club and (16) players for Erbil Girl Club. Thus, the research sample reached (26) players who were randomly selected at (13) players for each club, and the exploratory experiment included (9) players from the two clubs, and the percentage was (35.8)%. Therefore, the researchers used the descriptive approach in the correlational method because it suits the nature of the problem and achieves the objectives of the research. The results showed that the degree of psychological stress among the players of the Erbil Girl Club was higher than that of the players of the Kirkuk Girl Club while participating in the Iraqi Women's Handball League for the season (2023-2024). The results also showed that the degree of aggressive behavior among the players of the Erbil Girl Club was higher than that of the players of the Kirkuk Girl Club while participating in the Iraqi Women's Handball League for the season (2023-2024). The results also showed that there is a positive relationship between psychological stress and aggressive behavior in the study sample. In light of all the above, the researchers recommend that trainers consider the social, psychological, and health status of the players before implementing any training program. In addition to appointing a psychological counselor for the team, which may help reduce the percentage of tension that the players may suffer as a result of training pressures or tournament pressures.

One of the most important characteristics that students must possess, especially in the game of volleyball, is creative thinking who is characterized by flexibility, originality, fluency, and the ability to predict the motor responses of players within the play area in fast and changing playing conditions, so it has become one of the basic requirements for students of the fourth stage is to possess the image memory of legal volleyball arbitration signals, which is an important factor in order to lead and referee matches in all its runs during volleyball lectures with a high level of accuracy in taking All decisions, which is a desirable and necessary goal of match management in a way that makes his decisions very effective in order to obtain degrees in volleyball for this stage.
In light of this, the objectives of the research were as follows:
1. Identify the level of creative thinking and visual memory of those with scans versus cognitive focus in volleyball.
2. Identify the correlation between the creative thinking of those with surveys versus cognitive focus and visual memory in volleyball.
3. Identify the ratio of the contribution of creative thinking to those with survey versus cognitive focus in the visual memory of volleyball.
The descriptive approach was used in the survey method and correlation relationships, to suit the nature of the research, while the research sample was represented by (39) fourth-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Diyala for the academic year 2023-2024, and the following tests were used: 1. Creative thinking scale. 2. Cognitive style scale (survey versus cognitive focus). 3. Visual memory test rules of legal arbitration signs volleyball, these tests have been used to measure research variables.
After presenting and analyzing the data using appropriate statistical means, a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that the research sample of students with a cognitive survey are distinguished from their peers with a cognitive focus in creative thinking and image memory, as well as the existence of significant correlations between the scale of creative thinking and the visual memory of those with the survey against cognitive focus, as well as the presence of effective contribution ratios between creative thinking and the visual memory of those with the survey against cognitive focus, and this research was advanced with a set of The most important recommendations are to emphasize the use of complex thinking, or the so-called metacognitive thinking, for the purpose of developing the level of creative thinking, and to emphasize the use of developmental courses, modern scientific methods and advanced cognitive curricula, in order to develop the visual memory of fourth-stage students, as well as conducting similar studies and on other types of thinking levels, as well as other cognitive methods.

Forecasting is one of the requirements of achievement in the field of training and education, and the idea of forecasting and its impact on achievement is one of the modern means that express a set of factors and qualifications related to each other to ensure the conduct of scientific mathematical research in order to predict the future of sports for the upbringing, in order to ensure the quality of the outputs of the educational process, and the legal aspect in the game of volleyball is one of the important and main aspects that cannot be neglected, which is a link for students of the third and fourth stages shows the understanding of the law of the game, and their refereeing performance during practical tests, which are among the requirements for obtaining volleyball degrees for students of this stage. Arbitration is the supreme judicial authority on the field during the match, as it is one of the main pillars of any sports game, especially volleyball, and the visual memory is one of the factors contributing to the acquisition of new information by students, storing, reusing and processing it to benefit from it in accordance with the requirements of the tasks entrusted to them, and these features are unique to memory, which makes it the most influential in making him remember all the things in his life and when there are problems in it, it leads to deficiencies in learning outcomes, and The objectives of the research are as follows: Identify the accuracy of volleyball decision-making for the research sample and identify the level of photo memory with legal volleyball arbitration signals for the research sample, in addition to identifying the correlation between decision-making accuracy and the mock memory of the legal volleyball arbitration signals for the research sample, and identify the percentage of the contribution of the image memory to the legal volleyball arbitration signals with the accuracy of decision-making for the research sample. The two hypotheses of the research are the existence of different correlations between the accuracy of decision-making and the visual memory of the legal arbitration signals of the research sample, and also the existence of a different contribution ratio between the accuracy of decision-making and the visual memory of the legal arbitration references in volleyball for the research sample, The descriptive approach was used in the survey method and correlation relations for its suitability to the nature of the research and the research community were students of the fourth stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Diyala, either the research sample was selected randomly and 25% of each division as the number of the sample (66) was used to test the accuracy of decision-making as well as the test of visual memory legal arbitration signals volleyball, and after the presentation and analysis of the data was reached a set of conclusions were as follows: The research sample has a good level in the selection of decision-making accuracy as well as in the visual memory test. The existence of an organic correlation between the selection of decision-making accuracy and the test of image memory, the existence of effective contribution ratios between the selection of decision-making accuracy and the test of image memory, and in the light of the conclusions was developed a set of recommendations represented by emphasizing the use of the choice of decision-making accuracy in order to identify the level of performance of arbitration during the performance of practical lessons. Emphasizing the use of the choice of image memory with legal arbitration references for its importance to identify the level of performance of arbitration students. Emphasis on the use of modern educational strategies in order to develop the level of performance of decision-making accuracy and visual memory, and conduct similar studies and other sports.

Handball is considered one of the sports that is witnessing remarkable development in terms of technical and civil performance Which has a distinguished place all over the world, The shooting skill is considered one of the very important basic skills and represents the only skill that succeeds in effective work in the field of scoring goals and contributing to achieving victory, Artificial intelligence is one of the systems or devices that mimic human intelligence To perform tasks Which can improve itself based on the information it collects, and neural networks are considered a branch of artificial intelligence، The problem with the research is that most coaches did not recognize the special abilities associated with the moment of shooting the handball Therefore, the researcher wanted to delve into this problem by identifying the most important abilities related to the aiming skill, through the use of neural networks، The objectives of the research are to determine a model of the most important physical abilities for the skill of shooting stability in handball، As for the research methodology, the descriptive method was used using the survey method. The research sample included (100) attempts to correct، The most important physical abilities and their tests were identified, then the main experiment was conducted and the results were processed using neural networks، One of the most important conclusions is that the physical abilities under study had varying importance for the skill of shooting from standing still The force characterized by the speed of the right leg، The researchers recommend using other physical abilities ، As well as using other types of shooting skills, It is also recommended to use neural networks in other games .

The educational curricula used in teaching boxing, some of which did not focus on Keller's strategy, through which the learner is a vital and active element in the educational process, as learning methods based on the delivery of information are used in a gradual manner and that reaching the best results is through following accurate and objective scientific methods in the process of receiving the information given by the teacher. As well as elvesB Educational is one of the important aspects that contribute to identifying the level of learners in boxing, and due to the importance of Keller's strategy to individualize education, the researchers have used this strategy differently in the field of physical education and various educational ones. Therefore, the researchers decided to shed light on Keller's strategy and by relying on the student's mental fitness and control of my attention, which may contribute to Make the learning process easier for the student due to the content of that strategy of the development of mental processes as it depends on stimulating the mind of the student and making it more active and vital, which may lead to learning skills better, and the study aimed to identify the special exercises in accordance with Keller's strategy and tools to help learn quantitative sentences, and the most important conclusions There are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests of the research group in learning quantitative sentences, The importance of the research lies in the use of exercises for Keller's strategy and auxiliary tools that work on the development and learning of quantitative sentences .
The research sample was represented by the second students of physical education and sports sciences / Diyala University for the academic year 2023-2024, which numbered (247) students, and the main sample of the research was (20) students representing the experimental group, and then the researchers conducted the pre-tests.
The study included the implementation of educational units according to Claire's strategy for a period of (4) weeks and by (1) units per week, after which they conducted post-tests, and then processed the data statistically and using appropriate statistical tests and means

The research aimed to build a measure of the leadership skills of wooden badge holders in Iraq, and to identify the leadership skills of wooden badge holders in Iraq. The researchers adopted the descriptive survey method to suit the nature of the research, and the research community was determined from wooden badge holders in Iraq, numbering (504). Individuals, and the researchers selected the research sample from a population with a percentage of (40%), that is, with a number of (201) individuals. A number of (44) statements were formulated, divided into (5) areas and were presented to the experts. After applying the scientific foundations, the standard became It consists of (44) phrases, as no phrase was deleted, and then the final form of the scale was applied to the research sample. The researchers concluded that the scale is valid for measuring the leadership skills of wooden badge holders in Iraq, and that the research sample acknowledges that leadership skills are a basic requirement for their success. The researchers recommended the possibility of adopting the scale to measure the leadership skills of wooden badge holders in Iraq, improving the leadership work of wooden badge holders in Iraq, and emphasizing leadership skills because of their great importance to wooden badge holders.

The study aimed to design educational exercises using visual, technical and electronic means and exciters, the purpose of which is to develop visual excellence and develop the throwing skill of the children of the research sample, as well as to identify the effectiveness of these exercises in each of the main research variables. The researcher used an experimental design with two control and experimental groups, The research sample reached (26) children, and the researcher assumed that there were statistically significant differences in the main variables of his research as a result of the children going through these educational experiences, After extracting the results using appropriate statistical methods, the researcher concluded that the technical-electronic visual stimuli have a major role in improving visual discrimination and developing the throwing skill of the children of his research sample, The experimental group also outperformed the control group in all variables and in varying proportions. The researcher also recommended the necessity of adopting this type of exciters. Visual also emphasizes the use of electronic educational means in the field of sports and motor education, as they are more motivating for the child’s activity and closer to reality for many of the children’s motor behaviors.

The importance of research is crystallized in the high importance of psychological flow in the sports field and ambit of its affection by positive variable . Therefore, all scientific research and studies have focused on paying attention to it and knowing its role in consolidating information and using it with a high level of accuracy, as this makes it easier for students to reach the degree of mastery in performance.
This is achieved by involving students in sports tournaments , which develop their confidence and endurance the responsibility . The research emphasized directing coaches in the sports field to find a way to help investing in the positive energy of students to attract them towards practicing sports activities .
The goal of the research was to identify the level of psychological flow and to know the relationship between the two variables, The descriptive approach was used in its correlational survey style . The research sample included male and female students of the second stage of the department of semiotic Education and sport sciences in the College of Basic Education, who were selected through the number of (60) male and female students from the community of (60) male and female students representing a percentage of (100% ) of origin community. At the conclusion of the research, the researcher found that there are significant differences between male and female students in psychological flow and its relationship to the performance of the triple jump event according to the gender variable and for the benefit of the students. Therefore, so the researcher recommends increasing attention to the concept of psychological flow because it is considered an experience that increases learning conditions.

Artisitc gmnastics skills are difficult skills and it riquires great care in the way it is taught to students one of these skills is front air flip skill on the jumping platformSince the researcher prepared exercises using some auxiliary tools, which can only be applied to the sample in the field, in light of that the researcher adopted the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research,The researcher used the experimental design using one sample.
The researcher determined the research sample in a random way by drawing lots. The sample consisted of (15) students from the third stage at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Diyala. Through the results of the research, conclusions were reached that the exercises used in the research had a positive impact on improving the level of learning the skill of the front curl on the jumping platform for the students of the stage. Third, the gradual provision of exercises and auxiliary tools had a significant impact on learning the skill as a whole, in addition to performing the skill in its final form, which led to identifying performance errors, refining it, and reaching the best level. The researcher recommended the necessity of using exercises in teaching the skill of the front curl on the jumping platform and on Another device, such as a floor movement mat for third-stage students, and an attempt to find new exercises and aids to teach skills related to artistic gymnastics to second- and third-stage students.

The game of football has attracted many There will be no benefit in developing physical attributes without Developing the skill or developing the psychological and tactical state of the player, and this depends on the harmony and compatibility of the muscles and nerves. The defense here must have an effective effect. Through the ability of the defending player to push the opposing player out of the area, monitor their movements in all aspects, and limit their danger. The defender must always be ready to block the ball at the moment he deems appropriate while pushing the attacker out. This depends on the position of the attacking player and the location of the ball inside the playing area, and it must The defender must have a quick reaction towards the ball, and this depends on the defender making the right and appropriate decision to cut the ball depends Depending on the positions in which the players are located using basic football skills, it has been shown that there is a big difference between individual defense, man-to-man, and collective defense, area defense. Through the researcher’s vision, he makes a comparison of the best method, and this depends on the exercises used in the research for defensive players, and from here the problem of research begins to reach What is the best way to use defense methods in football? It was found that there is a big difference between individual defense, man-to-man, and collective defense, zone defense, and through the researcher’s vision, he makes a comparison of the best method, and this depends on the exercises used in the research for defensive players, and from here begins the problem of research to reach what is best using defense methods in football. It aims to identify On the differences between individual defense (man-to-man) and (area defense) for defensive players within teams, and the approach used for the researcher’s work, the descriptive approach and the comparative method for its suitability and the nature of the research. . Football and participant in the Minister of Education Cup Championship for the academic year 2021-2022. The research sample included (22) players distributed into two groups (A - B), where group (A) represented the individual defenders (man to man) and group B represented the team defenders. (Area defense) The goalkeepers were excluded due to the difference in the skills used by them, and the researcher conducted the main experiment for tests on basic defensive skills in football, which were chosen by specialists and on the research sample of the players of the Rusafa First Education team, which numbered (22) players. Sunday2021/3/5 With the help of the team developed by the researcher. The data recorded in the countries below show the statistical features of the test for all players in the defense position. The researcher concluded that there are statistically significant differences in favor of the post-test. The effect of the proposed training program on the performance of some basic skills in football

The research aimed to determine the required job level among the jobs of physical education teachers and schools in Saladin Governorate, and to determine the role of professional commitment in the job performance of appropriate physical education teachers and schools in Saladin Governorate, as well as the distinction between professional jobs and job performance among the research. According to the alternative gender, and the results of the research, it was stated that male and female physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate possess an average level of professional necessities and job performance.
And there was a significant effect of the professional competence scale on the job performance measure for the research question, as well as the existence of statistically significant differences in the professional competence and job performance of male and female physical education teachers in the governorate. The researchers used the descriptive approach in both styles (survey and correlational) to suit the nature of the research problem. The current research population consists of (365) physical education teachers and teachers in secondary schools in Salah al-Din Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024), and the researchers used the statistical package (spss) to reach the results of their research, as well as the regression equation using the stepwise-Enter method, to determine the significance of the effect. The independent variable in the dependent variable.
The researchers reached several conclusions in light of the results of their research, the most important of which is that male and female physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate realize that professional competence constitutes a vital foundation that reflects their behaviors, professional orientations, and the extent of their ability in their administrative, organizational, and field activities. Professional competence has a fundamental role in the effectiveness of the impact of the dimensions of the job performance scale to raise the level of performance of its staff, including physical education teachers, through adopting modern leadership methods.
In light of the research results, the researchers recommended several recommendations, the most important of which is the need to motivate physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate to adopt programs to develop the level of professional competence of physical education teachers, enhance their role in their schools, raise the level of their performance and functional affiliation to the school environment, and direct the educational media in the Ministry of Education and its directorates. Public sector to develop the level of performance and commitment of its employees through its educational programs

The research aims to identify the predictive value of the contribution of knowledge management to organizational creativity among scout leaders. Organizational creativity is an important and basic process that seeks to create new methods and methods that help sports organizations improve their performance and reach the highest levels (Kazim, 2013, p. 32) in order to Achieving competitive advantage more effectively, especially with the intense competition witnessed in the local and international sports arena, As a result, organizational creativity has emerged as one of the modern methods and methods practiced by sports organizations by relying on knowledge management, being awareness of the organization’s culture, and the ability to gain and share collective experience. This is to achieve the organization’s goals and mission (Hasina, 2019, 71-18) and in light of the emergence of a new challenge, which is competition with creativity, meaning that competition today has become dependent on the basis of the ability to continuous organizational creativity, The organizations that have the ability to accomplish this are the ones that can compete and survive, and here the role of scout leaders emerges in adopting the concept of sports organizational creativity and working to implement and encourage it, as they are the organizations concerned with supervising scout camps and gatherings and managing them in accordance with the rules and regulations. Since the comprehensive administrative development in organizational structures and administrative staff is compatible with scientific progress, And the human competencies available for selection to withstand the various challenges that can participate in achieving distinctive creativity. Knowledge management is also one of the concepts in management science, and it is also considered one of the most vital features of the activities in which there is work, where it occupies a distinguished place. It is vital in all administrative and technical fields of organizations, including sports organizations. They face diverse work environments, which requires storing and developing knowledge.