University of Kirkuk Journal For Administrative and Economic Science

Contents of Volume

The Current search aims to identify role self-marketing in building the personal brand. An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of private teachers in private institutes in the city of Mosul. The Current search sought to provide a theoretical framework for self-marketing and the Importance of its dimensions and personal branding and the Importance of its dimensions, as it is considered an addition worthy of attention in light of There are few studies on both variables according to the researcher's knowledge , and the problem of the search was based on a set of procedures that we should highlight, as institutes constitute an important part and are considered vital organizations that seek to provide services that individuals can benefit from.
According to what was mentioned above, the research problem can be defined and limited to the main question, which is the role of self-marketing in building the personal brand in the organizations under investigation. The following sub-questions arise from it:
1. Is there a ealaqat aliartibat between self-marketing and personal branding?
2. Is there a significant effect of the self-marketing variable on personal branding?
In light of these questions, a set of main and subsidiary hypotheses were formulated. Multiple statistical methods were used to collect and analyze data, including descriptive statistics methods, as well as correlations and influence, and the use of a questionnaire. The program (SPSS) and (EXCEL) were used, and the study population consists of teachers in Some private institutes distributed (125) questionnaire forms, while the study sample consisted of a sample of (119) individual respondents.

Due to the widespread and noticeable increase and spread of diseases in recent times, it was necessary to limit their spread and eliminate them. The study aimed to identify the level of health awareness among students at Kirkuk University, as studying health awareness is considered one of the necessities that urges us to study it and find plans and programs to develop it, as it contributes In order to prevent future diseases related to it, universities are considered an opportunity through which it is possible to direct interest in health and increase health and nutritional education for a large number of students. The sample consisted of (115) students, male and female, who were randomly selected, and a health awareness questionnaire consisting of It consists of (24) items distributed over (4) areas (nutrition, personal health, environmental health, students’ opinions in the field of health and their suggestions for developing it), where the data was analyzed based on nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney test - Kruskal test) and using the SPSS statistical program. The results indicated that the level of health awareness among students in general was average. This means that the sample members need high awareness in all areas. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that there were no significant differences between the sexes in the level of awareness, but the results of the test showed (Kruskal) There are significant differences between students’ answers to questions for all fields, and this indicates that the difference in the level of health awareness was the result of the difference in awareness among one student.

The research aims diagnose the approach of mobile telecommunications companies ((Korek, Zain, Asia Cell)) operating in Nineveh Governorate to Knowledge ambidexterity in its two dimensions, exploitative with its sub-dimensions exploratory with its sub-dimensions (search for knowledge, Knowledge diversification, Knowledge experimentation, Knowledge excellence, Knowledge risk) and (Knowledge improvement, Knowledge choice, knowledge production, Knowledge efficiency, Knowledge application), as the research is based on a basic hypothesis that states, “The mobile telecommunications companies operating in Nineveh Governorate do not pursue Knowledge ambidexterity according to the opinions of the managers working in them,” based on the focus of the basic research problem, which states, “Do the mobile telecommunications companies operating in the Nineveh Governorate pursue Nineveh adopted a balanced Knowledge approach, exploratory and exploitative, according to the opinions of the managers working there. To ensure the achievement of the research objective, a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of managers working in mobile telecommunications companies operating in Nineveh Governorate. Their number reached (83) respondents, as the current research used the descriptive approach, in addition to using ... A set of statistical analysis tools with the aim of analysing the obtained data that was analysed based on the statistical program (JASP). One of the most prominent results reached by the current research is that the statistical analytical implications established the fact that the mobile telecommunications companies operating in Nineveh Governorate are Knowledge proficient and adopt it. This is evident from the fact that Managers believe that their companies place priority in achieving the requirements of Knowledge ambidexterity in terms of diverse structures, processes, strategies, capabilities, and culture.

The research aims to identify the extent of reliance on operational leverage and its impact on the company’s value. The research attempted to provide a clear picture of it in the theoretical aspect and adequate answers to its variables in the practical aspect. The research identified the Baghdad Soft Drinks Company as its community, and a research model was developed that explains The nature of the relationships of the impact of operating leverage on the company’s value, as its financial statements published in the Iraq Stock Exchange were obtained for the period from 2009 to 2023, and accordingly, the research hypotheses were formulated in addition to subjecting them to statistical tests based on the statistical program (EViews 12), as the research reached the following conclusions: A group of conclusions indicating the existence of a direct influence relationship between the degree of operating leverage and the value of the company, which is represented by (earnings per share, market value per share, book value per share, and the risk of operating leverage), in light of which the research presented a set of proposals, the most important of which is urging the company’s management to expand. Using operating leverage in times of economic prosperity and reducing reliance on it in times of economic recession because of its multiplier effect in maximizing or risking its value.

Regression analysis is indeed a statistical technique used to model the relationship between a dependent variable (response variable) and one or more independent variables (explanatory variables). The conventional method, ordinary least squares (OLS), is typically employed for estimating linear regression parameters under certain assumptions. However, when these assumptions are violated, such as in the presence of outliers in the data, the accuracy of the estimates and results may be compromised. The main objective of this study is to compare two regression models: weighted least squares (WLS) and robust regression (RR), particularly employing the M-Bisquare weighting function in the robust M-estimator regression (RR) model. Additionally, this study aims to showcase that both the weighted least squares (WLS) and robust regression (RR) models can serve as alternative methods to ordinary least squares (OLS), specifically tailored for parameter estimation in datasets containing outliers. The sample population for this research comprises 130 women experiencing infertility, with the variables categorized into two groups: the first group encompasses five explanatory variables (Age, Prolactin (PL), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)), while the second group consists of the response variable, the number of eggs (oocyte). The comparison between weighted least squares and robust regression models was conducted using statistical software such as Eviews and SPSS. The weight least square (WLS) model and robust regression (RR) model were used as a suitable statistical method for the study sample. By analyzing the study data, it was found that the robust regression (RR) model and the weighting function (M- Bisquare) with is the best fit model for this medical data compared to weight least square (WLS) model.

The research aims to shed light on one of the accounting topics, which is the costs of product quality and the extent of their contribution to improving the financial performance of companies, and to explain the costs of quality according to its four elements: prevention, evaluation, internal failure, and external failure. This research was based on two basic variables: product quality costs. And the financial performance of companies, and to achieve the research objectives, the questionnaire was used and distributed to managers, accountants, and supervisors in industrial companies operating in Sulaymaniyah governorate, and using SPSS to analyze the research information. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: Quality is considered one of the new accounting trends and the main indicators for improving the financial performance of companies, which is reflected in the levels of profitability and the company’s ability to confront emergency situations. Based on the results of the analysis, there is a positive moral correlation between product quality costs and improving financial performance in the companies under study with a value of (0.531). Also, based on the results of the analysis, there is a significant effect between (prevention costs, evaluation costs, internal failure costs, external failure costs) and improving financial performance. The research also reached several recommendations, the most important of which are: the need for industrial companies to apply quality costs for evaluation costs, reduce costs and improve quality, productivity and customer satisfaction, because this gives the company a competitive advantage in the market and increases sales, reputation and customer confidence. Industrial companies must also Improving production and manufacturing processes to achieve maximum quality and efficiency, which ultimately leads to improved financial performance.

The aim of the current research is to understand the mediating role of the strategic agility variable in the relationship between lean leadership and organizational performance at the University of Basra. Through research questions, the study aims to explore the extent to which strategic agility mediates the relationship between lean leadership and organizational performance. The primary focus is on the mediating role of strategic agility in the relationship between the lean leadership variable and the organizational performance variable. To achieve the research objectives, a set of hypotheses was selected. The research sample consisted of 104 individuals from the University of Basra. The data were statistically processed using several statistical methods such as correlation and standard deviation analysis. The research concluded with several findings, the most notable of which is that strategic agility, in its entirety, plays a mediating role in the relationship between the lean leadership variable, in its entirety, and the organizational performance variable, in its entirety, at the University of Basra. Additionally, the lean leadership variable, in its entirety, positively affects both strategic agility and organizational performance, and strategic agility, in its entirety, influences the organizational performance of the universities under study. The research recommended investing in the dimensions of strategic leadership at the University of Basra to leverage its impact on achieving sustainable organizational performance and developing strategic agility.

The aim of study is know the role of e -customer relationship management with its dimensions represented by (technological support, online communication, knowledge management),in the e-services quality with its dimensions (responsiveness, website design, ease of use, system provision and accessibility, reliability ,trustworthiness and privacy (learning capabilities, communication capabilities, cultural capabilities and creative capabilities).The field of study is represented by a number of banks in the city of Mosul government (Al-Rafidain Bank, Al-Rasheed Bank) and private (Islamic Money Investment Bank, National Bank of Iraq, Iraqi Islamic Bank, Taif Exchange Company) with (141) respondents from employees in the banks. The study depends on the descriptive analytical approach, with the use of the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting data related to the field aspect, in addition to conducting personal interviews, and influence relationships are analysed in addition to the differences between its variables, to answer the questions related to the study problem and reach the objective goals, and in order to process the data and information, many statistical methods are used, namely (frequencies, percentages, arithmetic means, standard deviations, and confirmatory factor analysis) by adopting ready-made statistical programs (SPSS. V26) to test the study hypotheses and verify their validity. The study concludes, according to the results of the statistical analysis, a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a correlation and a significant effect at the macro and micro levels of electronic customer relationship management on the quality of electronic services. In light of the results reached by the study, a number of proposals are made, the most important of which was the necessity of supporting electronic customer relationship management programs in order to increase the value for customers and achieve their loyalty and satisfaction with the service provided, thus achieving profitability for the organization.

The current study aimed to identify the impact of artificial intelligence in enhancing e-marketing at Asiacell Communications in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The study addressed artificial intelligence as an independent variable, highlighting its importance in preserving accumulated human expertise by transferring it to intelligent machines. Additionally, the study explored e-marketing, focusing on the process of establishing and maintaining customer relationships through direct electronic activities to facilitate the exchange of ideas, products, and services that meet the objectives of both parties, considering it as a dependent variable. The study problem was defined through several questions regarding the potential of artificial intelligence to enhance e-marketing as follows:
- There is no significant correlation between the artificial intelligence variable and the e-marketing variable in the researched organization.
- There is no significant impact of the artificial intelligence variable on e-marketing in the researched organization.
After developing the theoretical framework and reviewing previous research efforts related to the study variables, a hypothetical model was created to reflect the nature of the correlation and impact relationship. Two main hypotheses were formulated to be tested at Asiacell Communications in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The study utilized the (SPSS) and (EXCEL) programs to diagnose the relationship between the dimensions of artificial intelligence, represented by (expert systems, neural networks, and intelligent agents), and the dimensions of e-marketing, represented by (website design, privacy, information security, and marketing databases). The researcher adopted a descriptive-analytical method, using a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection from the study population. An electronic questionnaire was distributed, and 102 valid forms were retrieved for analysis. The study concluded with several findings, the most notable being that the organization could not integrate heterogeneous information sources after following the description and diagnosis.
In light of the study's conclusions, a set of recommendations consistent with these findings was proposed, the most important of which is: the need to integrate heterogeneous information sources.

Time series forecasting, a statistical method, involves analysing past data patterns to predict future values. Widely applied in various fields. This research conducts a comparative of Single Exponential Smoothing (SES) and Double Exponential Smoothing (DES) methods to forecast population density in Iraq from 2024 to 2030. The study aims to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of these forecasting techniques during this period. The data spans from 2000 to 2023, comprising 24 time periods and was obtained from the "Earthly Data-Iraq population density" website. Both SES and DES methods were applied, including variants by Brown and Holt. Tools like Stratigraphic, Minitab, SPSS, and Excel were utilized for forecasting. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) was used to assess model performance. Parameter optimization was carried out, revealing that for SES, the optimal α value was 0.99 with a MAPE of 2.61394. For DES Brown’s, the optimal α was 0.99 with a MAPE of 0.817392, while for DES Holt’s, the optimal α was 0.99 and the optimal β was 0.99, with a MAPE of 0.55047. DES Holt's was identified as the most effective method due to its lowest MAPE compared to other methods.

Noise, particularly Gaussian noise, can distort images and reduce information. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is vital for understanding the universe and capturing images that inspire people. This paper introduces several nonlinear filters to remove Gaussian noise from the Jupiter Image. The filters consider similarities and distances between central pixels and preserve edges as advanced features. These filters are crucial for advancing scientific knowledge, showcasing technological prowess, and contributing to the broader mission of exploring the cosmos. The results show that the Bilateral filter provides high performance in restoring images under different Gaussian noise densities compared to the non-local mean (NLM) denoising filter, returning high values for peak signal to the noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) respectively in the case of 50, 75 per cent of noise ratio, which exceeds what the filters produced as in another noise ratio.

The current study seeks to verify the extent of the ability of the dimensions of intelligent leadership as an independent variable and in terms of its dimensions represented by (emotional intelligence, rational intelligence, spiritual intelligence) in achieving strategic position as a dependent variable and in terms of its dimensions represented by (expression and formation of expectations, formation of networks - building social networks, learning processes) to address a research problem: What is the role of the dimensions of smart leadership in achieving the strategic position of the leaders in the General Mishraq Sulphur Company?
In order to achieve this, a hypothetical study plan is prepared that clarifies the correlation and influence between the two variables of the study at the macro and micro levels and in terms of their dimensions, by conducting an analytical study in the field to which the researcher is attributed, which is the General Mishraq Sulphur Company. The researcher relies on the questionnaire form, which was it is distributed to a sample of workers and administrators, numbering (244) individuals, and ready-made statistical programs (SPSS V26, AMOS V24) are used to analyse the data. The study reached several results, the most important of which is the existence of a significant correlation and influence between the two variables of the study. In addition, the researcher presented A set of proposals that must be taken into consideration, which emphasize the need to pay attention to developing and enhancing employees’ skills through holding training courses and brainstorming sessions to demonstrate their capabilities and future visions with the aim of enhancing the strategic position of the organization under study.

The current study aims to diagnose the impact of the results of electronic marketing deception practiced by some restaurants on customer behavior after purchasing electronically. In order to achieve this amis, a hypothetical model was built that includes the variables and dimensions of the study after reviewing previous studies related to the topic of the current study. The focus was on the elements of the electronic marketing mix (product, pricing, promotion, distribution) as dimensions for measuring electronic marketing deception. Measuring customer behavior after marketing misinformation included (repurchase behavior, abstention behavior, visible negative purchasing behavior, and invisible negative purchasing behavior). A main hypothesis emerged from this model indicating the presence of an effect of electronic marketing deception on the customer’s post-purchase behavior. The researchers relied on the descriptive analytical method in the study. The questionnaire form was used as a tool for collecting data and information. The questionnaire was distributed electronically, and the number of responding customers reached (1049) customers in the city of Mosul. The researchers relied on (SPSS v.23) (AMOS v.24) to describe the study variables and test hypotheses. A number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which was that avoiding purchasing behavior is one of the most widely adopted purchasing behaviors by the customers in the study sample. Finally, the researchers presented a number of proposals, the most prominent of which is the importance of verifying which restaurants are trusted by customers by inquiring from others who have previous experience.

The current research aims to demonstrate the role of organizational culture in its four dimensions (organizational values, organizational beliefs, organizational expectations, organizational norms) in achieving strategic superiority through an exploratory study in the Mesopotamian General Company, as it is one of the companies that form the link between research centers and farmers for the production of crop seeds. Important strategic agriculture and for the purpose of identifying the role of organizational culture in achieving strategic excellence, as well as the company’s management’s diligent pursuit of providing crops of high quality that conform to specifications and in accordance with the conditions and instructions set by the National Seed Council. Therefore, this research came as a contribution to this field, and in order to achieve the study’s purposes. Its problem was formulated with a number of questions, and to answer the questions that were raised in the research problem, a number of hypotheses were adopted that investigated the subject of the research. To determine the validity of these hypotheses, data relevant to the subject of the research was collected, relying on the questionnaire form that was prepared for this purpose, and the descriptive analytical method was used. For the purpose of testing the hypotheses of the study, the researcher distributed (232) questionnaires to a sample of workers in the aforementioned field, from which (225) questionnaires were retrieved, and after reviewing them, the researcher found (7) invalid questionnaires that were excluded, and (225) valid questionnaires, with a percentage of (96.9%) of the questionnaires. The total number of distributed questionnaires was analyzed using statistical software ( SPSSV.23) . The research came out with a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of a significant correlation between organizational culture and strategic superiority in the company, where the correlation between organizational culture and strategic superiority was a strong positive correlation, and at the level of sub-dimensions, the highest correlation was between (organizational beliefs and strategic superiority). These results are interpreted to mean that the more... The company's management was interested in the practices of organizational culture strategies in terms of encouraging employees to move towards putting forward ideas and improving their behavior and inclination towards the importance of working in order to increase their knowledge, which led to a high level of strategic superiority in the company. The research ends with a number of proposals that the researcher believes serve the field, the most prominent of which are The company's management encourages its employees to take responsibility and participate in scientific discussions and develop ideas, types and services aimed at performing tasks and duties without direct supervision, providing the necessary time for employees to build organizational management that ensures the importance of time in order to complete tasks and duties within limited time periods, and address the shortcomings that occur as a result of weakness. The company's management pays attention to the organizational values associated with the pressures and risks that affect the thinking ability of employees.

This study aims to explore the role of resource consumption accounting in enhancing and activating the performance Prism in the industrial sector institutions in Iraq. This research comes in response to the urgent need to improve the efficiency of institutional performance in light of the economic and financial challenges facing the country. In order to achieve the research objectives, the descriptive analytical approach and the questionnaire were used as a tool to collect data from the research sample and statistical tools (such as Cronbach's alpha, t-test and ANOVA) were used to analyse the practical aspect of the research. A sample of 135 people was selected from industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange with financial, accounting and administrative sciences in the various departments of those economic units.
One of the most important conclusions reached by the research is that there is a significant impact (in addition to the relationship) of using resource consumption accounting as a management tool in the industrial sector in Iraq in all the different perspectives of the performance prism, i.e. resource consumption accounting has an effective role in enhancing and activating the performance prism by providing data and information that can be used in the perspectives of the performance prism (stakeholders, strategies and capabilities, operations and stakeholder contribution) in order to make better decisions and achieve the goals of economic units and their strategies, whether short or long term.
Based on these results, industrial organizations in Iraq can take into consideration the need to enhance the use of resource consumption accounting as a tool for measuring and improving performance in the industrial sector in Iraq, with a focus on improving their strategies and internal operations in line with the requirements of the perspectives of the performance prism, which contributes to achieving distinguished and sustainable performance in the local and global markets.

This study offers a parametric modelling of the base-line hazard in terms of piecewise distributions method to proportional hazards analysis of survival data with covariates. It is simple to estimate maximum likelihood using generalized linear models (GLIM) and an iterative process. Applications are provided for the approach and its application to competing hazards, where a two-piece Weibull fit is clearly better than the basic Weibull model. The base-line hazard parameter can be subjected to any given monotonic rising transformation, which leads to a wide generality. Piecewise models of this type are predicted to be effective in explaining various proportional hazards survival processes including changepoints where the ruling conditions rapidly change. The data was collected in Education Erbil Hospital from 2020 to 2023 and using spss program to analysis the data.

Tourism investments are considered one of the most important factors attracting tourists by providing a variety of services and facilities with a high level of efficiency. Tourists prefer to visit countries where airports, banking services, communication services, and other amenities are available efficiently and promptly, in addition to suitable accommodation. Consequently, tourism investment can help attract more tourists, increase the number of overnight stays, and raise the spending rate per tourist, thereby generating greater tourism revenue for the host country and contributing to economic growth. This research aims to achieve this by relying on a descriptive and quantitative approach using the E-Views 12 software and the ARDL model for the variables (tourism investment, GDP, exchange rate, internal financial crisis). It forecasts the trajectory of tourism investment and GDP for the years 2021-2030. One of the key findings of the research is the presence of a relationship between tourism investment and economic growth, where a 1% increase in tourism investment leads to a 1.10% increase in economic growth. The internal financial crisis has a more significant negative impact on economic growth, amounting to 7.7%. The research also suggests the need to stimulate and encourage investors to invest in all areas of tourism investment.

The current research aims to elucidate the role of internal marketing, and its various dimensions as an independent variable, in facing human capital management obstacles, as a dependent variable. Internal marketing is an important pillar that enables the organization to interact with its human resources and gain their satisfaction, especially since human capital is one of the main intangible resources that business organizations depend on to achieve their goals. Therefore, organizations need to pay attention to human capital as a resource and work to overcome all obstacles facing its management.
The College of Administration and Economics was chosen as the field and its employees were chosen as the sample for the research. A set of questions were raised that express the research problem, which is identifying the role of internal marketing in facing the obstacles of managing human capital in the organization. In the field aspect of the research, total of (100) questionnaires were distributed to employees in the College of Administration and Economics, from which information was gained and analyzed through the statistical analysis program (spss). Based on the analyses, a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that there is a significant role for internal marketing in facing human capital management obstacles at the macro level. A number of recommendations were also presented, the most important of which is the need to give more attention to training employees at all administrative levels on a regular and continuous basis.

The purpose of this research is to clarify the macroeconomic variables that serve as reliable reflections of the state of the economy, society, and environment in Iraq. The study seeks to explore how sources of GDP can be diversified and expanded within Iraq, and to study the relationship between various economic variables and GDP, including analysis The extent of the correlation between their returns using econometric techniques. The research seeks to build models that explain the impact of the returns of economic variables on Iraq’s gross domestic product, align experimental results with economic theory and extract valuable insights for the strategic use of economic variables, such as oil revenues, total investments, money supply, and price. exchange, unemployment, inflation, and public debt, to effectively promote GDP growth.

This research studied the logistic regression model, which is one of the important methods of estimation and one of the most common models in processing binary data, as well as the support Vector machine method, which is one of the methods used to classify medical and other data and compare them with each other. The research aims to determine the best method for classifying data by comparing them using statistical classification methods (accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, error positive rate) and the correct classification rate criterion, and after applying statistical methods to Covid-19 patients, which is one of the biggest health problems that the world has faced. A random sample size of (80) people was used from Al-Hussein General Hospital in Dhi Qar, where the results showed that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm had achieved very effective performance in classifying real data, and this shows that classifying patients’ cases It has relative importance to the factors studied using the support wave machine method.

The research aims to study the impact of the dimensions of the development of the banking sector on the banking profitability of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries as a model for the period 2010-2022, and to prove the basic research hypotheses, and with the aim of exploring the impact of the development of the banking sector on banking profitability, a standard model was built that tests the impact of the dimensions of the development of the banking sector in terms of its inclusion of four dimensions (depth, access, efficiency, and stability) that represent the independent variables, while the profitability index represented the dependent variable expressed by the return on assets, for the sample of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, for the period (2010-2022), so that the number of observations of the time series reached (65) observations. The measurement variables also included an indicator for each of the four dimensions: depth: expressed by the bank credit to deposits index, efficiency: expressed by the bank's non-interest income index, access: expressed by the banking concentration index, the percentage of banking assets held by the first three banks, and stability: expressed by the z-score index. The Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) methodology was used, and the results showed that the development of the banking sector in the areas of depth, access, efficiency, and stability has a positive impact on the profitability of the banking sector.

Anemia is a prevalent condition in women, often due to iron deficiency, pregnancy, or menstrual blood loss. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment and management. The objective is to evaluate and compare various machine-learning algorithms to determine which ones are most effective for predictive classification tasks in the context of medical data. The dataset consists of records from 180 women, randomly selected from several hospitals and clinics in Sulaimani City, to investigate anemia. The algorithms used for comparison of Bayes Net (BN), Random Forest (RF), Random Tree (RT), Logistic Model Tree (LMT), trees J48 and Reduced Error Pruning (REP) Tree are supervised learning algorithms used extensively for classification purposes and are chosen for their variety. The performance of these algorithms is compared using various performance criteria based on the confusion matrix, such as Accuracy, Recall/Sensitivity, Specificity, True Positive Rate (TP Rate), False Positive Rate (FP Rate), Precision, F-Score, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Based on the analysis of this data, the Logistic Model Tree (LMT) demonstrates superior classification performance, achieving 97.78% in Accuracy (Correctly Classified), 94.3% in MCC, and 99.6% in ROC compared to other classifiers.

This study seeks to know the impact of leading pricing strategies in providing services on the trading volume of commercial banks' shares in the Iraqi financial market during the period from 2017 to 2021. This study aims to identify the most effective strategies in providing service marketing, attracting investors and increasing trading volume. Through the results of the study, important information is provided to commercial banks that support making informed pricing decisions in marketing banking services. To test the study hypotheses, a sample of nine commercial banks registered in the Iraqi financial market (regular market) was selected. The necessary data was collected from the financial market bulletins and reports available through the Iraq Stock Exchange website on the Internet. The regression method was used to analyze the data in order to test the study and reach the results. The results indicate that banks that apply market skimming strategies with the availability of distinguished banking services enjoy higher performance in stock prices and trading volume and reflect a positive response from the market. The study reached several recommendations, the most important of which is for the banking sector to work on developing pricing strategies in providing their services and conducting periodic analysis to ensure their effectiveness in increasing trading volume.

The research aims to identify the description and diagnosis of the dimensions of the error management culture (thinking about the error, open communication about the error) at the University of Mosul at the level of scientific and humanities colleges and the extent of adopting these dimensions. After reviewing a group of studies and literature, the theoretical concepts were written and the model and hypotheses were built based on the dimensions of the error management culture. The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach, which is one of the most important and most common scientific research approaches in presenting and discussing data. The questionnaire was adopted as the main tool for collecting data on the research problem. A random sample of Mosul University lecturers in both scientific and human specializations, totalling (425) individuals, was targeted. Many appropriate statistical tools and methods were used, such as frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation, which were used through the statistical programs SPSS V.26. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which was that there is a significant difference in the answers of the respondents for both the humanities and scientific colleges, as the retrieved forms valid for statistical analysis in the humanities colleges were higher than the scientific colleges with regard to the study variable represented by the culture of error management. As for the most important proposals, it is to work on obligating managers to systematic methods for error management and dealing with it in a rational manner in addition to it, and to provide a large degree of sympathy with the error by administrative leaders and working individuals.

This study aims to test the interactive role, which emotional intelligence plays in the link between marketing integrity and customer preferences in the Asia Cell Communications Company as a research field, and the extent to which the researched company adopts marketing integrity in its activities. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher adopted the analytical research approach to describe the phenomenon as a subject of the study, and accordingly, the study discussed the literature review that dealt with the variables of the study, trying through it to answer several questions that represented the problem of the study, which is summarized by the researched company’s attempt to influence the customer’s preferences and the difficulties it faces. In this regard, because of the great competition that is found, the diversity of services provided, and the high level of desires of the contemporary customer, the study therefore adopted a purposive sampling method in the field of study, by choosing employees in the company who have the knowledge and experience necessary to interact with the contents of the questionnaire form, represented by managers, department heads, engineers, and the total number of those reached (209), to reveal their attitudes and opinions concerning the variables of the study. A hypothetical model was built and adopted by the researcher, from which the main and sub-hypotheses of the study emerged. It was tested using the statistical program (Amos, v, 25). The study reached a set of results that proved the correctness of the scientific way of this study, and among the most prominent of these results is the presence of a significant effect of emotional intelligence in the relationship between marketing integrity and customer preferences. According to those results and the interviews conducted by the researcher, those results were interpreted and resulted in suggestions.

This research seeks to demonstrate the impact of environmental disturbance on customer retention by following the analytical study method using the questionnaire form as a measure of the study, in addition to clarifying the correlations and impact between the two variables. The research was conducted relying on two basic aspects, the first being a descriptive documentary represented by reviewing a number of literature to clarify the background. The theory of both environmental disturbance and customer retention was presented by the researchers in their scientific products. The second method is an analytical method, through the preparation of a questionnaire prepared for the purpose of collecting data and information related to the research. The researchers sought to include a number of questions that express the research problem that was the basis on which it was launched. Including the research methodology and reliance on it in the field aspect, the most important of which was the main question: Is there an effect of environmental disturbance on the customer retention process? To answer these questions, a hypothetical research plan was formulated that reflects the relationships and influences between the two research variables, which resulted in a set of main and subsidiary hypotheses that It was tested using a number of statistical methods for the data collected through the questionnaire that was distributed to (103) individuals surveyed in the surveyed organizations, which represented employees of the Al-Karwanji Soft Drinks, Juice and Water Company in Kirkuk Governorate. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of correlation and impact relationships between environmental disturbance and retention. With the customer in light of the answers of the individuals surveyed, which emphasizes the importance of retaining the customer, taking into account the environmental disturbances of the organization under investigation.
Based on the conclusions reached by the research, both theoretical and field, I presented proposals consistent with these conclusions, as well as proposals for future studies related to the current dimensions of the research.

The current research aims to identify the role of interactive marketing in enhancing marketing leadership, as interactive marketing is a marketing style that combines traditional marketing principles and customer relationship management principles and is an effective means of improving the organization’s marketing effectiveness. Leadership also contributes to increasing the interest of organizations’ management in employing the element of creativity and innovation to create differences. Competitiveness and strengthening the organization’s brand, and after diagnosing the research problem and developing two basic hypotheses, a number of sub-hypotheses emerged from which the Badoush Cement Factory/expansion was chosen as a research community and a group of workers in the factory were chosen as a random sample for the research. The researcher relied on the questionnaire form as the main tool for collecting data. (70) questionnaires were distributed and (59) questionnaires suitable for analysis were collected. The correlation and influence relationships between the research variables were tested using many statistical methods based on the Spssv22 program. In light of the analysis, the research reached a set of conclusions that were Among them is that there is discrimination in dealing with customers and giving importance to certain customers over others, and in light of the conclusions reached by the research, a number of proposals were presented, including emphasizing the departments concerned with delivering customer orders and committing to accuracy in receiving customer orders and working to deliver them according to the specified timings.

Banks are one of the important players in the financial system in any economy. This research paper seeks to examine the effects of banking governance on specific financial performance indicators in a sample of commercial banks in Erbil. Data collection was conducted using a random sampling method and a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Survey questionnaires were distributed to 82 bank officials, and the data collected were analyzed using statistical software such as SPSS and Easy Fit to test hypotheses through simple and multiple regressions. The study's results indicate that corporate governance significantly impacts financial performance. Additionally, the findings demonstrate a direct relationship between banking governance and profitability, liquidity, and loan portfolio management. The authors recommend implementing training programs for bank officials to improve their governance skills and strengthening the application of bank governance to protect against financial fraud, manipulation, corruption, crises, and bankruptcy.

The research aims to shed light on the Blockchain technology and its uses in the field of accounting, especially e-commerce. To achieve this, a questionnaire consisting of (20) questions was organized in the most common and influential areas of Blockchain technology on e-commerce according to the five-point Likert scale. The study showed that there is a significant correlation between Blockchain and e-commerce, as well as a significant impact of Blockchain on e-commerce. The research concluded based on the above that Blockchain technology contributes to the efficiency of using e-commerce for all relevant parties. Accordingly, the research recommends the necessity of making the necessary efforts to introduce Blockchain technology to benefit from it, whether at the level of e-commerce or at the level of community use.

This research dealt with the topic of autism in children, where the concept and history of this neurodevelopmental disorder were presented, in addition to the characteristics, symptoms and risk factors related to it. The factors affecting children with autism in the city of Duhok in Iraq were identified, analysed and studied, whether in governmental or private centres, using the student t-test in one sample and in two independent samples based on hypotheses designed according to the requirements of the study. In addition to stating the type and nature of the relationship between two factors represented by the age of the autistic child and the average age of the parents.

The current research aims to explore the impact of agile leadership in its dimensions (results orientation, teamwork, efficiency, speed, flexibility, change) in achieving contextual performance in the First Rusafa Education Directorate - Baghdad. The descriptive analytical approach was used, where data were collected from a simple random sample of (100) employees. The questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection. The data were processed using the programs (SPSS). The research concluded that there is a positive impact of agile leadership represented by its dimensions in enhancing the contextual performance of employees. The research recommended increasing attention to applying agile leadership to achieve better contextual performance in public organizations.

The research aims to clarify the importance of modern training using information technology versus the current traditional training approved by our Iraqi organizations and institutions from the point of view of trainees, as many training institutions adopt modern approaches to training employees using information technology and its tools, including the Center for continuing education at the University of Basra. Who developed modern strategies in the field of training for employees and leadership levels from the lowest to the highest. It is a very important issue to adapt to modern technological changes that have a big role in gaining skills, qualifications and competence for the current and new job. Modern training strategies are important in our Iraqi organizations in order to survive, grow, continue working and achieve goals. In order to determine the level of training and its impact on employees, the Continuing Education Center at the University of Basra, Bab Al-Zubair colleges complex was chosen as an applied research model, being one of the advanced centers in the southern region covering state employees in the southern region with training. the research sample amounted to (110) distributed among employees responsible for the training process (10), (50) trainers and (50) trainees, to be opinions from all levels in the training process, the following statistical methods were used, (arithmetic mean, standard deviation and hypothesis proof). To reach the following conclusions, the center is working on changing the traditional pattern to a modern one, and currently work is underway on the use of technical programs in training courses, and from the recommendations of researchers to the need to increase searches for modern training programs, and work to provide classrooms with modern equipment to meet the accepted and desirable training requirements today and identify training needs based on market opportunities.

The research focuses on shedding light on finding correlations between the dimensions of organizational reputation and job embeddedness in (Badush Cement Factory) / Nineveh Governorate, as the dimensions of the organizational reputation variable were represented by (social responsibility - creativity - service quality), while the dimensions of the job embeddedness variable were represented by (links - suitability - sacrifice). The research seeks to address a problem that the factory is experiencing, which is the weak relationship between the dimensions of organizational reputation and job embeddedness, by asking the following question: "Does organizational reputation represent the basis for the job embeddedness process at the level of the organization under study?" To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire was used to collect data for the purpose of measuring the research variables and dimensions, and these dimensions were covered through (35) paragraphs included in the questionnaire. It was represented by the opinions of a sample of (30) individuals from the administrative leadership in Badoush Cement Factory, whose total number is (40), they were chosen intentionally and the answers were valid for analysis. The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach with the use of a number of statistical methods such as frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviations, Pearson coefficient and regression analysis on the ready-made computer software (SPSS V26) and based on the description and diagnosis of the research variables and its dimensions, according to the hypothetical plan of the research, and one of the most important results reached by the research was the existence of significant correlations for organizational reputation in job embeddedness.