Journal of The Iraqi University

Abstract
The approach of the Koran in the field of men came to the needs of the nation at this time.Especially to men like the mountains If the lips spoke I heard the balance of the article and if moved effective I saw the actions of men pray for the ends, even if they are away. And that the hearts of men shall be filled with faith, and the sanctity of their Lord.And all that is except Allah is false. The Koran also emphasized in its curriculum that men in the field were raised to full obedience to God Almighty, and have held in their fields Covenants and charters and honesty and honesty of the qualities of dealing in their daily lives. And that the nation needs in the field men whose job is to have the will and determination, and that the right man is the one who invites him to disobedience and vows to do so, and that he has the virtuous virtue and high compassion because men are the origin of courage and brothers and fathers so this research

Abstract
It is not secret to many students of science what the companionship, proof or denial of the owners, and before that definition and what proves, of great importance in the field of science and attribution of men, and its impact in the novel from the arrival or send, lift or stop, which leads to acceptance of the novel or Its response, and the extent to which it is invoked according to its strength or weakness. Many of the applicants in the companions spoke and proved them, and stipulated conditions for them, and in light of the conditions proved the companionship of some and their disdain for others, and then came the late and investigated the issue of the views of those who spoke before them, and who touched on this issue, Imam Shams al-Din al-Bermawi in his book << Desecrated The river to explain the cast >>, and although this book has been written in the translations of the men of the book of the mayor of the imams of Imam Abdul Ghani al-Maqdisi, but it included many benefits, including: the beginning of the purposes of the definition of the Sahabi, and the way to prove companionship, And degrees in virtue, and embarrassed in the folds of this book to translate r Haba did not return them some of the leading modern companions, which in all the statements of applicants and followed by evidence and weight. Since this book is in the shelves of manuscripts yet, and it did not appear on the sun of the world as a printed book, but was dealt with by the Taliban students of the College of the Great Imam, study and investigation, to be my doctoral thesis, both of which were under my supervision, I thought that I gather these obstacles ahead of the Bermawi scientists in this part From his book mentioned, and special research, called it «Traces of Barmawi to scientists in the proof of companionship through his book shed the river to explain the cast >>, because I could not find the author of this collection in one place, or to mention the views of Bermawi on this issue when addressing the proof Companionship and narrated the words of the late ones, knowing that the Parma And forward to Imam Ibn Hajar in the death, and the reason is clear; is not to inform the reader of his views, I wanted to show it to the students of science to benefit from and martyrdom.

The aim of the research is to try to identify the meaning of jihad for the sake of Allah and to emphasize the seriousness of the use of jihadist fatāwā from some jihadist movements affiliated with Islam. It is a group of fatāwā that lack clarity in vision, misunderstandings and objectives, and the absence of legitimate controls. These fatāwā are hostile to Islam and aimed to legalize the bloodshed of the Muslims and their money and their sacredness or the seduction of young enthusiastic and recruited in a particular battle within the Muslim community, young people who did not arm themselves with the jurisprudence of Islam, and did not understand the reality, and insulted Islam and Muslims, and violated what God denied and denied what he forbade him and so only Them distorts their behavior. The study concluded that the reflection on the situation of the Islamic world today has clearly revealed the extent of the damage caused by it, the negative repercussions of the violent practices of those movements with the enormity of its methodology and the fatwas that it spread.It is not only words that speak or research written about the renunciation of violence and the sanctity of blood, but it is necessary that the efforts of scientists, thinkers, professors, educators and leaders of the nation to seek to consolidate the principles and concepts of jihad and educate young people to raise religious and intellectual awareness, whether students or advocates and immunization from slipping into violence or any Paths are not praiseworthy because the Islamic reality is still ready for the emergence of movements adopting violence as a method, to correct the false religious concepts and the terrible negative image of Islam and Jihad.It was necessary to shed light on the reasons and effects that have come to the lives of human beings and their security, and before the elimination of them must be appropriate solutions to protect the young ones and the development of mechanisms to limit the spread, and the most important recommendations that were developed: First: Protecting young people from alien ideas that lead to extremism by arming them with science and balanced concepts through targeted dialogues, and paying attention to the balanced culture of youth. Second: Establish educational centers and institutions to contain them and improve their skills and integration into society, especially those affected by this wave of extremism.Third: To work on addressing the social and psychological pressures they are going through and which lead them to join extremist jihadist movements.To look after them (By governments) in terms of education, training and develop their abilities, provide job opportunities for graduates and provide them with a degree of freedom.

Abstract
This study deals with the impact of the Islamic civilization on the Abyssinians in Egypt in 648-911 Hegira/ 1250-1517 AD. It also discusses the growing interest of the Arab Muslims in the Islamic Arab culture as well as preserving, publishing and helping the scholars and writers to be acquainted with. Further, the influence of this on developing of the scientific, cultural, social, administrative and religious situation plus achieving intellectual convergence and supporting the ties between some muslim groups in Abyssinia.
Abyssinia has had strong political and civilized ties with Egypt throughout history. This relationship was most distinguished by the mutual civilizational influence between the two regions. It has been referred to by historian sources since past ages. In addition, Abyssinia has a relation with pan-arabism and Islam which has resulted in founding independent political Islamic groups as well as being clearly affected by the Islamic arab culture and the administrative, social and economic system and rules that were valid in the neighboring countries to Abyssinia especially Egypt.

Abstract:
This study focused on the other، whether rational or irrational in the Iraqi novel (woman of flask) to Salim Matar. ModelThe flask represented the bright side of the narrator's life، and the war represented the dark side; the other was Adam، the flask، the wolf، and Geneva.The character of the narrator lived two roles in the novel inside and outside Iraq (Geneva). The narrator looked at the objects from a temporal، spatial، imaginative and realistic dimension.The other had a great role in producing narrator's macaroni and his own vision of individuals and society.

This study aimed to analyze the evaluative questions, in Omdet Al Ahkam Waltahtheeb ( Alhadeeth) for the Sixth Islamic Secondary Class. The evaluative questions of this study consisted (255) evaluative questions.However, to achieve the aim of the study, the researcher used analysis method.The study showed the following results: The statistical results of percentage of evaluative questions for types (essay and objective) showed that the essay questions came first with (255) with (100%) percentage, Distributed among the open essay questions which reached (125) questions by (49.01%) and closed objective questions which reached (130) questions by (50.98%) while no existence for the objective questions with ( 0 % ) percentage .The present study concluded with a set of recommendations.

Abstract
The protection of intellectual property is considered as an essential part that should be studied and analyzed because it starts to be weakened as a result of the enormous spreading of the internet and the huge development of the information technology.
And since the protection of the intellectual property is one of journalism responsibility therefore this study comes to present number of questions;
1- Do the journalists who work in Iraqi journals know bylaws that are related to their career?
2- Is there any infringements in the field of intellectual property rights in Iraqi journals
3- What does the protection of the intellectual property mean for point of the contact in the Iraqi journalism association?
4- Do the Iraqi journalists have the knowledge in the intellectual property bylaws that rehabilitate them to understand media legislations and work through them?

Abstract:
The press has taken a big place in international newspapers and has attracted the attention of a large number of readers, for it occupies a distinguished position among the means of communication. It derives its influence from the elements it contains, its implications, its ideas and opinions, and the information it conveys directly. As the picture has become more important with the scientific and technological progress witnessed by humanity to become a universal language, everyone is dealing with it easily and easily. Today we are living in the age of the picture, and the issue of balancing ethical standards and professional practices of press photography is one of the most important issues related to publishing press releases. This raises many questions about the extent of commitment to the ethics of practicing the profession of journalism and its news and documentation of events, and the image is one of the oldest means of communication known to mankind in its different ages, the picture was one of the most important methods of expression that resorted The guardian of human in ancient civilizations.

Abstract
In this paper explain the importance of Islamic finance role in the economic and social development side by study the means the process through the development of Islamic finance in the economic and social case through stated opinion that corresponds to the requirements of development contemporary, with study the development of economic by employing speculative, formats the participating, formats of the sharecropping, the profit, holding peace, contract of industry and the contract of lease. The diversity of the role Islamic finance in achieving number of activities and the life activities that replace the work interest system that taking place in the traditional banking also it turned out that the speculation from legitimacy formulas that contribute to the economic and social development effectively, so the contract of industry and big effect on the economic and social development same of effect the holding peace, the selling profit and contract of lease, from all cases show that the Islamic system is alone that clean from the defects and it which is favor of every time and place.

Abstract
The role of the United Nations at the international level at various levels is a major one, and important global programs are the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) or the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This research (the impact of UNDP on the Iraqi economy after 2003) seeks to rectify these The experience in Iraq after the US occupation, as these programs were launched in Iraq full freedom for reasons known mostly fall under the circle of direct or indirect American influence in Iraq.This research included three topics:The first topic: Definition of the United Nations Development Program.The second aspect: positive aspects of the United Nations Development Program in Iraq.The third topic: the negative aspects of the program of the United Nations Development Program in Iraq.

Abstract
The issue of forced displcemenet in Iraq has been of great importance in the history of modern Iraq , These recurrent events have affected the social, cultural and humanitarian, reality in Iraq and through the review of forced displacement movements that took place in Iraq , we referred to the international position of the main international organization on this issue and the official positoin of these successive move ments since the fouries of the last century and to the years close, and the evffectiveness and impact of those decisions on the Iraq goverment, which is the basis for reducing and reducing the effects of that important issue, and whatis case for that casee or how to minimizeits effects on those who have been subjected to such coercive campaigns .

Abstract:
The Transportation models are one of the methods in the science of production management and research operations that were commonly used after World War II. Because it is one of the ways that shows how to store the production materials. This helps to achieve the economic and social goals of the country in additional periods of record and the lowest possible cost, which is known to be the backbone of the advancement of the economy.
The purpose of this research is to schedule the transportation based on the total production planning of the petroleum products distribution company in order to reduce the cost of transportation of gasoline which includes the costs of work in regular time, over time, subcontracting and storage cost.. The total cost of the project was estimated at (153090) million dinars compared to the total cost planned by the company, ie, the total cost was reduced by 60%.

Abstract
Shall constitute the Council of Ministers and head of state both sides executive power in the parliamentary system and the body consists of the Prime Minister and the Government (Council of Ministers) is the party most importantly in such systems being characterized by the terms of reference and powers large and important other than the head of state who has the powers nominal and honorary habit, and with agreement most of the constitutions of the countries that took the parliamentary system on the core competencies that are of the executive power is exercised by the Cabinet, but they differed in their capacity or shortness of those terms of reference and in the distribution between the Prime Minister and between the same Council, has adopted the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 the parliamentary system as a system of rule and sought to weaken the cabinet compared to experiments parliamentary honored by giving some of its functions to other authorities as he proceeded to the distribution of competences to the Authority in the Council of Ministers and the boss, conferred the Prime Minister terms of reference for many are concerned the military side and the military and the state of emergency, the executive and the side of his relationship with the legislature and the judiciary has also granted the Council of Ministers (the government) disciplines in the areas of legislation and external affairs and executive function, and the constitutional amendment, we have explained all these disciplines in our research this with the suggestion of some processors constitutional to restore balance in the relationship between the state authorities and the creation of a body to the Council of Ministers has the ability to accomplish constitutional mandated tasks.

Sommaire
Le chèque est une papier commerciale emis par le tireur a une autre retraite qui reeresente souvant le banque dans le but de payer une certaire montant pour le titulaire. Le cheque occupe une grande roule dans la vie du commairce , en effet, celci represente le moyen par lequel on peut deposer l'argent aux comptes bancaires qui les protegent du vols et de les perdre. Ainsi les cheques peuvent etre des utiles du preuves lors les contentieux judiciaire.
Et pour cela , le legislature desine une protection penal contre les actes de la falsification et manipulation. Cepandant, cette protection ne peuvent toujours pas traiter les infraction dit les chèques volantes. En premiere vue , on pense que celci n'a aucun problem mais en fait elles representent un probleme veritable lorsque cette methode ne reflete pas la realite le traitenent bancaire

Abstract
This research discusses the defamation of the public employee during the post in some Arab countries' laws. It aims at explaining its features through its definition and its components, as well as the statement of the situation of the Iraqi legislator compared to the Arab countries regarding the crime of defamation. In this regard and the application of legal articles to those crimes. And the extent to which the legislations to deal with them are subject to special provisions both in terms of proof and in terms of punishment.The research was divided into an introduction and three chapter and a conclusion. The introduction mentioned the importance of research and the methodology used by the researcher.The first chapter covered the discourse of defamation, where the first section addressed the concept of defamation, while the second section for elements of defamation.The second chapter included speech in defamation, where the first section dealt with the prohibited defamation, while the second section in the defamation allowed.The third and last chapter, the most important topic in the research, is the rule of the crime of defamation of the public employee, where he addressed the first section of it, the rule of the crime of defamation of the public employee with vituperation and slander. While the second section for the insult of defamation of the public employee is insulted. The third and final section deals with the rule of defamation of the public employee in malicious cases.In the conclusion, the researcher identified some of the findings of the study, and the development of some recommendations that if implemented, they play an important role in reducing the crime of defamation against the public employee and the rule of defamation against criminals and to deter others.

Abstract
That the research sheds light on the role of the administrative judge in protecting the right to education by introducing the administrative judge's supervision and its applications in protecting the right to education through the control of the restricted authority of the administration through the cancellation proceedings and the full judicial claim, In addition to the justification of this principle. The research dealt with the supervision of the administrative judge in light of the restrictions on the principle of legality.And the most important of these restrictions are the discretionary authority of the administration (the judiciary), the role of the administrative judge in imposing control on the decisions that restrict the right to education and the administrative decisions that include the disciplinary sanctions. Finally, the second restriction, which is based on the principle of legality, And the role of the administrative judge in supervising the work of the administration under these circumstances

Abstract
The study deals with the principle of complementarity in the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. This principle aims to limit the impunity of perpetrators of international crimes, as defined in article 5 of the Rome Statute, which the Statute of the Court described as one of the most serious international crimes against the stability of the international community. These crimes are crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression, noting that such crimes fall under the jurisdiction of the national criminal court. However, if the national judiciary proves that it can not punish the perpetrators of these crimes, Iss or failing that, to the collapse of its judicial or administrative, or do not show seriousness in bringing the accused to trial, then it will move jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, Which punishes the perpetrators of these crimes in accordance with the principle of complementarity.

Abstract
The Iraqi legislator uses the term "deputation and placement" to mean one meaning, namely, to assign an employee to temporarily perform vacant jobs, whether the post is assigned to it in the same department in which the employee is employed or in another department. Through the research and the extrapolation of comparative legislation, we have learned that the term "scars" is better than the terms "deputation and placement", which is closer to the reality of what this system means by convention. This is what the legislator has taken in Egypt, Libya, Jordan and Lebanon. The Civil Service Law did not regulate the provisions of scarring, as it did with regard to transport and secondment, although it is important for the administration to fill vacant positions until it is filled by appointment or transport. Its provisions are scattered between the laws and decisions and its provisions are not properly regulated, especially with regard to the competent authority to discipline and evaluate the managing officer, Shall be detrimental to the public interest or to the employee's interest. Although scarring is a privilege for management, it makes its own decision and does not cease to have the employee's approval and is vacant. However, many departments at the present time and many employees use scars as a means of evading work in the original department or obtaining financial rewards for additional work. Her through a staff scar for a non-vacant

Abstract:
The LMS algorithm is the most widely used in wireless applications such as equalization and adaptive filtering in imaging, communications, etc. The initialization of the LMS equalizer results from a pilot based channel estimation. This technique is achieved by using algorithms which adapt the coefficients of Finite Impulse Response(FIR) filter to minimize the noise and Intersymbol Interference(ISI) to give an accurate received signal. This paper presents the implementation of the LMS algorithm on Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGA). Architecture of adaptive filter that is based on multiplier and adder is to realize the Multiple Access Channel(MAC) operation of the Finite Impulse Response (FIR). The coefficients of the adaptive filter are modified automatically by the LMS algorithm based on input information’s. The proposed architecture of this algorithm has been design using Matlab-Simulink (R2015a) to deal with parallel structure. The design has been converted to behavioral VHDL coding style, as will as a VHDL test bench using Simulink HDL Coder tool to realize hardware directly from Simulink design.

Abstract
This corpus- based study aims at investigating, primarily, gender- based differences in the use of the obligation/ necessity modals must, have to, and got to/ gotta in addition to both structural and semantic characteristics in academic spoken language. The corpus used in this study is the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English, MICASE. The little research conducted on gender- based differences in addition to the contradictory findings reported about the meaning these modals express motivated the current study. The results revealed these modals tend to occur in certain structures more than others. It is shown that women tend to use obligation modals more than men, must is used less in expressing personal obligation and is being replaced by both got to/ gotta and have to (which are used more in expressing this meaning), and that the prevalent structure for must is “must+be” whereas have to and got to/ gotta were found in both external and internal structures in relatively the same rate.