Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

Cast technique includes ten cats (5 male, 5 female) used the polymerizing resin (cold acrylic) to study the bronchial tree and blood vessels. the examination of bronchial tree of the cats (felis catus) Lung is done by using cold resin in order to prepare cast specimens. The diameter of right principal bronchi of cats mean (7.34 mm± 0.36) and diameter of left principal bronchi means (6.07mm 0.36). The right principal bronchi large than left principal. The air flow in right Lung faster than the left. This result is supported by the researcher .These results are obtained from the cast model showing that the pulmonary trunk divides into right and left pulmonary arteries after arising from the right ventricle of heart. The right pulmonary artery the diameter about (4.18 mm) and diameter of left pulmonary artery about (3.40 mm) that the right pulmonary larger than the left pulmonary artery

The present study showed that the ovary of adult turkey hens Meleagris Gallopavo is covered with simple cuboidal epithelium (germinal epithelium). Internally, two distinct regions can be distinguished. The cortex, a peripheral region contains a numerous follicles in different stages of development that are classified as primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary follicles. The primordial follicle appear distributed to the surface of sub capsular cortex surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells contains a small oocyte, showing a cytoplasm of filamentous aspect. The primary follicle appear distributed in the periphery and middle of the ovarian cortex contains and oocyte that shows an homogeneous cytoplasm with fine granules.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of sub-clinical mastitis and sex of birth on physico chemical composition of milk for some species of farm animals (Cows, Sheep and Goats ) in Al-Diwania province during a period from March to August 2012. A total of (120) samples of raw milk includes (40) samples for cows, (35) samples for sheep and (45) samples for goats were used in this study. The results of this study revealed that there was a significantly difference (P<0.05) in fat and lactose percentages for milk of sheep and goats. Fat percentages were (3.36± 0.24) and (3.33 ±0.16) for milk of infected sheep and goats with sub clinical mastitis respectively as compared to (5.04± 0.14) and(4.20 ± 0.02) for milk of uninfected animals while, the percentages of lactose were (4.27 ±0.02) and (4.30±0.01) for milk of uninfected sheep and goats respectively as compared to (3.91±0.13) and (4.06±0.11) for milk of infected of the same animals. The results also showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher in the solid not fat (SNF) percentage for milk of infected cows. The percentage of SNF was (9.12±0.12) for milk of uninfected cows as compared to (8.78 ±0.08) for milk of infected cows . Protein percentages was a significantly (P<0.05) higher in milk of uninfected cows and sheep , in which was (3.85 ±0.11) and ( 5.75 ±0.11) in both species respectively. The results of this study showed that there was a significantly (P<0.05) higher in PH values of milk for infected of three studied species as compared with milk of uninfected of the same species animals in which was (6.94± 0.06) , (6.71±0.04) and (6.73±0.01) for the three species respectively. The results also demonstrated a significantly (P<0.05) effect of sex of birth on fat and SNF percentages for milk of goats and a significantly (P<0.05) higher of protein percentage in milk for sheep which born male as compared to that born female ( 5.21± 0.35) and (3.89±0.33) respectively.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate Hemogram, acid-base balance, blood gas analysis and acute phase response in cattle infected with anaplasmosis in Mosul,Iraq.The study were conducted on (167), local cattle breed 2-5 years old of both sexes. Eighty local cattle breed out of (167) were clinically infected with Aanaplasam marginale since the causative Rickettsia diagnosed by Giemsa stained blood smears and confirmed by indirect Elisa test. (20) clinically normal cattle were served as controls. Results indicated statistically significant decrease (P<0.05) in TRBCs, Hb, and PCV values of diseased animals, Macrocytic hypochromic type of anemia was indicated and the percentage of Rickettsemia (Hemoparasitism) ranged between (12-21%) with a mean of (15.57%). Results also indicated a significant increase in TLC as a result of significant increase lymphocytes. A marginale were detected in 96.25% of diseased cattle .There were no significant difference encountered in clotting factor indices. Statistically significant decrease were encountered in Pco2, Oxygen saturation percent (SO2), bicarbonate ions, Base excess and blood pH in diseased cattle than in controls, However statistically increase in Anionic gap have been detected, Moreover Titritional metabolic acidosis were registered . Statistically significant difference have been encountered in acute phase response as haptoglobin and fibrinogen values were increased in clinically infected cattle than in controls.

Sepsis is a syndrome involving the systemic host response to an inflammatory or infectious agents.itis a common and frequently fatal condition that occur as a result of severe infection often leading to overwhelming systemicinflammation (1 , 2) , Also The sepsis syndrome is defined by widespread inflammation, host immune dysfunction, dysregulation of the coagulation cascade, and endothelial dysfunction in response to invading pathogens(3).
Cecum ligation and puncture CLP , is currently the most widely used animal model of sepsis (4) . Intra-abdominal infections may be a source for sepsis ,these infections generate a peritoneal inflammatory response to poly-microbial organisms derived from the gastrointestinal tract . Peritonitis may originate from a defect in an abdominal viscus , such as an acute intestinal perforation that progresses to sepsis , resulting in high morbidity andmortality in experimental animals . A shift toward an anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive state has been postulated to occur in the later phase of sepsis (5).
the aim of this study was to investigate the pathological changes of liver , kidney and lung associated with sepsis .

The present study was undertaken to find the alteration in some urine and serum parameters of urolithiasis rabbits induced by sodium oxalate .Animals were divided into two groups six in each, first group animals received only normal saline (0.9%) as control group , while second group animals were treated with sodium oxalate (70 mg / Kg b.w intraperitoneal ) daily for 15 days as treatment group . The results of urine analysis indicated that increased urine specific gravity , protein level and leukocytes , while decreased pH in treatment group as compared with control group , also observed that hemolysis in urine but there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in urine level of glucose , Ketones , nitrite , urobilinogen and bilirubin in treatment group as compared with control group . The results of serum analysis indicated that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) in serum level of calcium and phosphorus , while , increased serum level of sodium , potassium , uric acid and creatinine in treatment group as compared with control group . The study indicated that there was some changes in both urine and serum parameters in urolithasis .

Venous blood samples were collected 283 ewes observed in nine different regions of Maysan
province during the period from October 2012 to March 2013 for detecting toxoplasmosis by
using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-IgG) and latex agglutination test (LAT).
Three groups of ewes pregnant, non-pregnant and aborted were selected for both tests, and the
results showed that the rates of Toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted group is the highest,
followed by pregnant group using the LAT test (73.33% and 65.38%) respectively, while the
proportion of ewes aborted were the top (40%) in the ELISA test.
The results of LAT and ELISA tests showed that Al –Musharah subdistrict is the highest in the
seropositivity against Toxoplasma (78.26% and 39.13%) respectively. As for the relationship
between age and Toxoplasma seropositivity, the results showed that the highest seropositivity
rate in the age groups more than a year and two years (65.30% and 65.57%) respectively by
using LAT test , and high seropositivity rate (32.65) in the age group more than a year with
ELISA test.
The statistical analysis showed no significant differences(p ≥ 0.05) between the LAT and
ELISA tests with regard to Toxoplasma seropositivity

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cumin on diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan in rats. Male Wister rats were used, and randomly divided into five groups (6-8 rats for each group): The first group: was administered distilled water and served as normal control, the second group: induced diabetes by single subcutaneous injection of alloxan 100 mg/kg.body weight and served as diabetic control, the 3,4,5 groups was administered 50,100,200 gm/kg of rat's forage respectively for four weeks, then diabetes are induced in this groups by same route as above. Cumin treatment in all doses lead to significant decrease glucose levels, and triglyceride and significant decrease in cholesterol level in dose 100, 200 gm/kg of forage and no change occur in total protein level. These results indicate that cumin have a role in delaying of diabetes through the effects of cumin in decrease some biochemical parameters

Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is defined as elevated concentrations of circulating ketone bodies in the absence of clinical signs. Measurement of blood β-hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA) concentration is considered as the gold standard method to detect SCK. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of SCK in cows in different physiologic status in Basra, Iraq. The cows were classified into 5 groups according to the physiologic group; G1: 2nd trimester pregnant cows (n =9), G2: 3rd trimester pregnant cows (n =8), G3 Fresh cows (1-30 days postpartum) (n=41), G4: Lactating cows (2 and 3 months postpartum) (n =21), and G5: 4 months – more postpartum cows (n =14) . Cholesterol, ALT activity and BHBA concentrations were determined. The cutoff point 1000 μmol L-1 -2600 μmol L-1 was used. The mean concentrations of the parameters of the cows of the five groups were; cholesterol: 3.7 ± 0.34, 3.21 ± 0.38, 2.59 ± 0.16, 3.15 ± 0.24 and 2.5 ± 0.28 mmol/L, ALT: 45.11 ± 6.16, 37.125 ± 3.98, 44.83 ± 3.36, 45.19 ± 4.57 and 41.29 ± 4.37 IU/L and BHBA: 2.014 ± 0.15, 2.086 ± 0.085, 1.94 ± 0.07, 1.89 ± 0.18 and 1.92 ± 0.075 mmol/L. The concentration of cholesterol was within the normal limits in the all groups but it showed descending trend from early pregnancy to parturition then elevated with advancement of lactation, while the activity of ALT showed highness in each group with different percent, whereas the concentration of BHBA was significantly high in the all groups. The present findings reveals that prevalence of subclinical ketosis in Basra is extremely high. To prevent the consequences of subclinical ketosis, feeding a good feed stuff with propylene glycol and implementing a good management with regular test for detecting SCK to reduce the economic losses caused by SCK.

Fourty locally white soft cheese random samples were collected from different markets of Baghdad Algadeda city in order to investigate the presence of Salmonellae Spp. in cheese which produced and consumed locally in Baghdad. The samples were collected during the period from December 2011 to March 2012.
The samples were directly transferred to the laboratory and analyzed immediately without further storage.
The isolation and identification methods include: (pre-enrichment) culture stage by peptone water then (Selective enrichment) culture stage by selenite broth after that culturing on sold (Selective media) which was Bismuth Sulphate agar. The biotyping by using API strip according to the API 20E miniaturized identification system for Salmonella SPP.. The isolated Salmonella strains were transferred on Triple Sugar Iron agar to undergone stereotyping at the Institute of Public Health,Baghdad,Iraq.
Data revealed that 2 out of the total 40 (5%) of the cheese samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. Salmonella typhimurium was the only serotype that have been found.

Twenty nine E. coli isolates were previously isolated from beef from slaughter house, and raw milk of different origin were collected from different parts in Basrah. Five E. coli isolates were identified as E.coli O157:H7 using O157 and H7 antisera. E. coli O157:H7 isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility test. The results showed that all tested bacteria were sensitive to gentamycin and Amikacin and resistant to amoxicillin and cefoxitim. The DNA of these isolates were amplified to detect verotoxins gene (vt1, 91bp) and pyelonephritis-associated pili gene ( pap,91bp). All the isolates were observed having (vt1) All the isolates were observed having (vt1) and pap genes.

Three enterotoxigenic isolates of Staphylococcus aureus previously isolated from contaminated milk and evaluated for their enterotoxin producing ability and histopathological changes by the ligated rabbit ileal loop assay. The results of this assay revealed that crud toxin obtained by these isolates caused fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops. Fluid aspirated from the loops was bloody and the histopathological changes in sections were characterized by moderate to sever haemorrhage, erosion and inflammatory cells, in addition there was distortion and shift of villi. This finding established that staphylococcal enterotoxin that associated with vomiting and diarrhea , which often abate within 24 hrs., there was potential risk for more serious disturbances such as inflammation, tissue damage and toxic shock.

This study is designed to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism on reproductive efficiency of adult male rats. Hypothyroid state was induced by administration of anti-thyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) (15 mg/kg b.w) orally by gavage for 45 days. Twenty adult male rats of (146-200gm) body weight were used in this study and divided into two groups: control group and PTU treated group. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were euthanized via chloroform . Blood was collected in order to determine serum levels of some hormones, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4), triidothyronine (T3), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone(T). Semen analysis was also done.
The results of hormones assay showed that there was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the TSH while there were a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the serum concentrations of T4, T3, T, FSH and LH. Semen analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the sperm count while there was a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the individual motility whereas; there was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the abnormal and dead sperm. Thus PTU-induced hypothyroidism can causes impairment of reproductive efficiency of adult male rats.

An allergic extracts from chicken feather and dropping were prepared with extraction, followed by purification using dialysis.
Total and specific IgE ELISA was performed on a total of 190 serum samples collected from allergic and healthy individuales in center of asthma and allergic diseases in Basrha city during September 2011.
ELISA test based on total IgE results revealed that the higher rate of allergic patients (47.37%) had allergy questionable while (35.26%) of them had allergy very probable and (17.37%) of them infected with allergy not probable. According to the relationship between the symptoms of allergy and total IgE based ELISA results, the higher rate of allergy very probable 95.5% was observed in symptomatic patients.
According to the results of ELISA based on specific IgE the overall rate of chicken allergens in studied patients 94.7%. Chicken dropping allergens showed the higher overall 94.7% of distribution followed by the rate of feather allergens 73.68%. Depending on the sex, age (first age group range from>15-45 and second age group range from <45-75) and type of sensitivity to all tested allergens, males and the patients of second age group showed higher rate of sensitivity ( 80.35% and 80% respectively ), while in patients who were sensitive to single allergen (Dropping) the higher rate of sensitivity was observed in females and first age groups patients (23.88% and 15% respectively).
The estimation of IgE seropositivity in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals resulted the symptomatic patients showed the higher rate of seropositivity ( 95.8% )against chicken dropping allergens, while the higher rate of seropositivity (75%) was observed against chicken feather allergens in asymptomatic patients.

According to the relationship between total and specific IgE based ELISA results, the patients with allergy very probable showed the higher rate of seropositivity for both dropping and feather allergens (98.5% and 76.1% respectively).
The positive feather and dropping based ELISA results (mean± SD) of the allergic patients sera depending of sex and age revealed different mean ± SD value of optical density in concern to sex and age of allergic patients

In this study, fresh fish (Otolithes ruber, Saurida tumbil, Pseudorhombus malayanus, Acanthopagrus latus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Tenualosa ilisha), imported frozen fish (Megalaspis cordyla, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Acanthopagrus latus) and imported canned fish species (sardines, mackerel and tuna) were used to detect and determine some toxic trace elements. All fish samples contained trace elements. The total concentrations mean for Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Co, Cd and Mn were between (1.73-11.93), (8.75-25.80), (ND-3.19), (0.11-0.31), (0.10-0.35), (0.23-3.00) and (0.11-1.86) mg/kg dry weight respectively in muscles of fresh fish, and between (13.21-53.74), (6.61-43.93), (0.35-2.10), (0.37-2.30), (0.20-0.54), (1.50-3.53) and (0.13-4.50)mg/kg dry weight respectively in the muscles of frozen fish species, and between(21.75-56.30), (5.21-82.84), (0.25-1.51), (0.33-1.96), (0.20-0.47), (0.51-2.22) and (0.13-0.81) mg/kg dry weight respectively in canned fish . Concentrations average of some trace elements were exceeded the permitted legal limits that set by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization.

The study was conduct to determine the effect of exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) during gestation on serum reproductive hormones levels (Estradiol" E2", Luteinizing Hormone "LH" and follicle- stimulating Hormone" FSH"), age and weight at vaginal opening onset as well as reproductive efficacy in F1 female offspring.
Thirty six pregnant female rats (F0) were gavage three doses of BPA suspended in corn oil (50 μg, 50 mg, 250 mg/kg/BW) or corn oil only as control group from gestational day (GD) 6 till gestation day (GD) 21. After delivery, twelve female pups of each group were hold for three months; However, Female rats' offspring, after weaning, were weighed and checked for vaginal opening (VO) every day until completion, then at postnatal day (PND) 90, blood samples were collected from six F1 female of each group to perform hormonal tests and other six females were mated with untreated male rat in a separate cage for 14 days in order to evaluate fertility efficacy. The results showed significant increased (P<0.05) in serum E2 levels, and decrease in LH level, but FSH levels were unchanged in all treated groups compared with control group. The results also revealed significant decrease age at VO onset in all treated groups compared with control group , while body weight at age of VO onset was non-significantly differ between all groups.
Fertility rate, number of birth and implantation sites were reduced and resorption sites were elevated in F1 female rats that gestationally exposed to deferent levels of BPA in comparison with control group. From the present study it has been revealed that the BPA exposures during pregnancy adversely affect F1 female reproduction and caused early puberty onset.

The present study was carried out to determine the relationship between resistin , Insulin-Like Growth- I (IGF-I) and insulin resistance (IR) in female rats with induced polycystic ovary syndrome( PCOS) model and assess their association. Twenty virgin rats were divided into two equal groups: Control group: included 10 rats were given only single intramuscular injection (i.m) of 0.2 ml pure corn oil for each rat. The second PCOS group: included 10 rats given single i.m of 4 mg estradiol valerate dissolved into 0.2 ml pure corn oil for each rat. After 63 days all rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected from inferior vena cava to obtain the serum for resistin, insulin, IGF-I, SHBG, FSH, LH and FT concentrations. The results revealed a significant increase in serum resistin, IGF-I, insulin, LH and FT concentrations in PCOS group in comparison with control group (P≤0.05),also a significant(P≤0.05) decrease in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentration in PCOS group compared with control, while, no significant difference was found in FSH concentration. The presence of insulin resistance may play an important role in the pathogenesis of increase of resistin and IGF-I in rats with induce PCOS

The present study was carried out to evaluate the levels of copper, zinc and iron in buffaloes from different regions in Basra province. Serum samples were taken from (255)buffaloes and (20)soil samples from pastures as well as (20)samples of green forage grazed by the animals.
Results divided the buffaloes into three groups, the first one was healthy 38(14.9%)of total buffaloes, second 17(6.6%) those were subclinically affected and the third group 200(78,4%) were clinically affected and revealed deficient values in comparison with other groups.
Values of copper, zinc and iron were(70.3 ±0.867, 154±4.459,320±2.844) μg/dl, respectively for healthy control buffaloes, while the values of subclinical group were(59.7 ±0.384, 94.7±1.943 and 291.8±4.214) μg/dl respectively, and those of deficient group were(44.6±0.442, 78.4±1.069 and 229.1±4.098) μg/dl, respectively.
The soil levels of copper, zinc and iron were(0.25 ±0.039, 0.72±0.032 and 5.9±0.301) μg/g respectively, and in forage (2.3±0.269, 23.8±0.486 and 25.5±0.641) μg/g , respectively. The main clinical signs of deficient group were; Alopecia, depigmentation, emaciation, parakeratosis and pale mucous membranes.
In conclusion, the study exhibited values of minerals in buffaloes those were higher in healthy buffaloes than those of subclinical and deficient groups. Soil of Basra, was deficient in copper and zinc but normal in iron, while forages were deficient in those minerals.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the ability of antioxidants Coriander sativum L . (cilantro ) and Allium sativum L.(garlic ) to protect against mercuric chloride induced reproductive toxicity in male rats .A sub Lethal chronic exposure (0.12mg/kg B.W mercuric chloride )resulted in a decrease of body weight, testicular weight and testosterone hormone with regressed histological properties of testis , epididymis and pre - cancerous changes in epididymis .These changes were ameliorated with the administration of cilantro and garlic .The results of our study suggested that the mentioned antioxidants exert significant protection against mercuric chloride induced male reproductive toxicity and provide a strong evidence for the beneficial role of antioxidant vegetables in prevention of mercury toxicity

The main objectives of the present study were to compare the petrifilm TM Aerobic count plates (ACP) with conventional standard plate count (SPC) for enumerating aerobic bacteria and secondly to compare the petrifilm TM coliform count plates (CCP) with conventional coliform plate count (CPC) method for isolation and enumeration of E.coli in locally produced soft white cheese samples .A total of 60 samples of soft cheese (30 samples to each petrifilmTM and conventional methods) have been collected randomly at weekly intervals from different retail markets in Baghdad province and its surroundings during the period of 6 months from the December 2011 till the May 2012.All results of cultural characteristics and biochemical reactions of E.coli isolates were in accordance with the main features described in Bergeys Manual of determinative bacteriology .The laboratory studies of the cultural isolation revealed that 20 (66.6%) isolates of E.coli were isolated from 30 soft white cheese samples by the conventional direct plating (CPC) method while 24 (80%) isolates of E.coli were isolated from another 30soft cheese samples by using a new petrifilm TM technique. The detection limit for aerobic bacteria by the petrifilm TM technique versus the conventional direct plating were 16x109 cfu/g and 5x108 cfu/g respectively while the detection limit of E.coli by the petrifilm TM technique versus the conventional coliform plate count (CPC) were 22X106 cfu/g and 12x105 cfu/g respectively. Results obtained in this study revealed that the petrifilm TM technique has been recognized to be significantly (P<0.05) more efficient in its sensitivity for enumeration of both E .coli and aerobic bacteria than the conventional direct plating method

This study was done on twenty mature male rabbits divided randomly into two equal experimed groups of ten animals each . the first group regardes as controls and drenched (2ml) normal saline orally daily for thirty days . The other group were drenched (20 mglkg ) body weight of water extract of origanum vulgare for thirty days also . At the end of drenching period blood samples were drawn from all animals heart puncture and blood was analysed for total RBC count ; HB % and PCV% ; Total leakocytic count and blood indices of MCH ; MCV ; and MCHC were calculated in addition to blood smears were done to estimate percentages of differentical leakocytic counts. Results ; PCV% ; total RBC counts and MCH compared with control group There was significant increase (P≤0.05) in treated group in total leakocytic count and MCV and significantly decrease only in MCHC . Also there was only significant increase (P≤0.05) in nutrophils due to treatment

The sturnus vulgaris is migrate bird to Iraq in (Junwary-April) from all year -
The anatomical study of cerebral sturnus vulgaris showed that the oval shape with smooth surface due to the absence of gyrus and sulcus, also it is consist of two cerebral hemispheres ,right and left which separated by medium fissure, another fissure situated between cerebral and cerebellum called transverse fissure.
The weight of right cerebral hemispheres was 2.297±0.0116 g while in the left cerebral hemispheres 2.282±0.0078 g .The length of right part of cerebral hemispheres recorded 14.220±0.759 cm while the left cerebral hemispheres was 12.810±1.767 cm .The interior width of right cerebral hemispheres was 5.930±0.346 cm while in the left cerebral hemispheres 5.920±0.304 cm .the posterior width of right cerebral hemispheres recorded 8.930±0.221 cm while in the left cerebral hemispheres 8.13±0.163 cm. these measures lead to different between right part and left part from cerebral .
The histological results revealed that the cerebral consit of cortex and medulla .The cortex constituted the gray matter which has six layers, molecular layer, external granular layer, pyramidal layer, internal granular layer, internal pyramidal layer and multiform layer .In the cortex showed have larg number of pyramid and satellite cells which is importance of vital or activity in migratory bird due to live in various environment .
The medulla constituted white matter was located internal which has increase number of dens bundles fibers and galial nerve cells.

Ten eyes (5 right + 5 left ) of five healthy one humped camels (3 male +2 females) aged between (8-12) years old, brought from Shulla slaughter house at Baghdad governorate -Iraq. The study showed that the ciliary body located at the base of iris inside the eye ball (Topographically at limbus) in histological section of eye ball appeared as triangular area.The microscopical examination observed the ora ciliaris retinae ( line of ending Retinae and choroid ) this site represent limits and indicate the area of gradually changed choroid to ciliary body, which posses (111-115) ciliary prosses act as site of zonulary ligament attachment. That important in modification of eye lens during vision

This study was planned to assess the effect of laparoscopic ovarioctomy in bitches on estrogen and progesterone hormones levels pre and post operation .
The hormonal analysis was performed by Serum which was extracted from blood samples , the hormonal test include ( estrogen and progesterone ) , by using a device called Mini vidas system hormones assay with the kit of Bio merio of same company and then results were recorded , which include decrease in level of ( estrogen and progesterone ) post operation in two groups , but the level of depression in group B ( bilateral laparoscopic ovarioctomy ) more than group A ( unilateral laparoscopic ovarioctomy

This study aimed to treat SDF tendonitis in the forelimbs of horses by application of cold therapy (ice) followed by controlled exercise program. The effect of this treatment was healing, disappearance of the pain and functional rehabilitation of the treated horses.
(15) Working horses of varying breeds, sex, age (3-19) years suffering from acute superficial digital flexor tendonitis was used for this study from the beginning of September 2008 to the beginning of September 2010 in Kirkuk, Iraq.
All the cases were followed up clinically. Swelling and thickness in the affected parts were measured during treatment period. Swelling was reduced after the treatment by the ice with significant variation (P< 0.05) in the (anterior-posterior and groove’s depth) aspects of sub-metacarpal bone area and (anterior-posterior) aspect of mid-metacarpal bone region. A significant variation (P<0.01) was shown in the (lateral-medial) aspect of sub-metacarpal region and in (anterior-posterior and lateral-medial) aspects of the distal part of the 3rd metacarpal bone region. A significant variation P<0.001 revealed in the (depth groove) aspect of the distal part of the 3rd metacarpal bone area. While there was no significant variance was shown in the (lateral-medial and groove’s depth) aspects of mid-metacarpal bone area.
Clinical finding appeared that the functional recovery in treated limbs was improved. This study concluded that cold therapy (ice) was easy, non expensive method, aided to recovery of SDF tendinitis and hasn’t any side effects.

A one hundred thirty two Awassi ewes aged between 1.5-4 years old suffering from dystocia, were brought by farmer to Veterinary Teaching Hospital related to College of Veterinary Medicine- University of Mosul-Mosul governorate- Iraq, treated during the lambing seasons for three years started from November 2010 to end of December 2012. Results of this study were recorded ring womb as main causes of dystocia, the maximum percentage was 81.8 %( 108,132). The other causes of dystocia were fetal mal-position 8.3% (11,132), narrow pelvic 5.3 %( 7,132), monster fetus %3.0(132,4), complicated cases (interfering more than one cause) 1.5%(2,132). although several methods of treatment have been tried, correction and manual treatment, hormonal treatment, cesarean section and fetotomy: Cesarean section had higher a positive response during treatment 61.2%, correction and manual traction recorded as second best treatment of dystocia 24.2%, hormonal treatment 12.8% and fetotomy 0.7%. It could be concluded that ringworm (maternal origin) was the major causes of dystocia in Iraqi Awassi ewes; cesarean section appears to be a safe and successful procedures for management of dystocia if performed as early as possible.

The antibacterial activity of the aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Lawsonia inermis (henna) leaves were tested against 46 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk, also tested against standard bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). The highest antibacterial potency was observed for the methanolic extract with zone of inhibition (14.3043 ± 1.8722 mm), followed by ethanolic (12.9565 ± 2.0106 mm) then aqueous (11.6304 ± 2.2446 mm). The effect of methanolic extract against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates was the excellent in comparison to other extracts (14.1± 1.88 mm) zone of inhibition followed by ethanolic (12.91 ± 2.372 mm) then aqueous (12 ± 2.41 mm). The isolates were subjected Kirby Bauer method to test their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, substantial antibiotic resistance were shown by 46 (100%) of isolates for ampicillin. Moderate resistance was shown by 31(67.4%) for oxacillin and low resistance was observed by erythromycin. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed that the presence of high amount of phenolic compounds in methanolic extract (5.4) mg/ml, ethanolic (4.9) mg/ml and aqueoeus (3) mg/ml.
MRSA provides a prospecting for new compounds which may be particularly effective against infections that are currently difficult to treat (1).
Aims of the conducted study are: 1) an attempt to determine the antibacterial activity of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of henna (Lawsonia inermis Linn) leaves against S. aureus isolates, and Gram negative bacteria. 2) antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. 3) explore the biochemical constituents of extracts.

Ten adult rabbit (5male and 5 female ) were used for gross anatomical and biometrical studies .The main characteristics feature of the local rabbit skulls are : in dorsal surface there are a shallow external sagittle crest , the frontal bone has anterior and posterior supraorbital process , the external acoustic meatus is a short wide bony tube directed caudodorsally , the orbita are large , the external surface of the maxilla is pitted by numerous small opening (fenestrated).
A total of 16 linear measurement estimated in the rabbit skulls .There are significant difference between males and females observed in bizygomatic distance , basion-bragma height , maxilla- alveolar length , orbital height and foramen magnum breadth

The experiment was carried out in twelve adult healthy ' dogs of both sexes via closed system of anesthesia. The animals were divided into two group's six animals of each. The first group was treated with a protocol of thiopentone sodium I.V. at the dose (20mg/kg B.wt, premedicated with diazepam . The second group was treated with protocol of propofol I.V. (2mg /kg B.wt) premedicated with diazepam and undergoing pneumoperitoneum with CO2 anesthesia maintained with halothane 2%. The anesthetic, behavioral, biochemical changes were recorded during different periods. The results showed respiratory depression but marked hypoxia not observed at early duration of anesthesia. The endotracheal tube freely introduced within 3-2.5 min. The CO2 gas smoothly delivered into the abdomen without serious complications. In the second group, the induction was rapid with smooth and unexcited recovery and excellent muscle relaxation. In conclusion, the two combination proved to be an effective anesthetic protocol and adequate for minor rapid surgical interventions

The current trail designed toevaluate the effectivenessofusing small intestinalsubmucosa ( SIS ) to accelerate healing of Achilles tendon in thestray local breeddog .Ten healthy dogs of both sexeswere usedin thepresent studywhich randomly divided into two equal groups. Thefirstgroup;Achilles tendon acutetransversely transectedand sutured via cross mattress technique with silk suture materialwith supporting ofgypsona.The second groupacute transected tendon sutured andtreated with thesmall intestinal submucosal patch .All operative dogs inspected clinically,grossly as well ashistopathologically during different periods. Results obtained in the first group showed no contamination, no complicationsand there was no anatomical distortions were detectedat operative site except there is adhesion between tendon and neighboring tissues in the first group healing was uncompleted, suture material still presence up to 90 day.At treatment groupclinically animals lame and sign of mild stiffness appeared for three days, no serious complications, grossly was no adhesion detected, the submucosa subsided completely and complete healing occurs at 90 days postoperatively.Histologicallyatcontrol group 30 days post operativelyuncompleted healing, moderate fibroblast proliferation and inflammatory cells were presence, but at 90 dayspresence of dense connective at the site of operation. In treatmentgroup healing progress, autograft is mostly atrophied and organized with granulation at 90 days,hence healing completed perfectly at this period.
In conclusion The repairing of acute transverse cutting of Achilles tendon was significantly accelerated with small intestinal submucosal layer which was absorbed andimproves the tissue quality render the native one .

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the auto-omental graft on the fracture healing after destruction of the periosteum around the fracture site in rabbits. Eight mature healthy rabbits of local breed were employed to performed transverse fracture in the mid shift of the femoral bone, under general anesthesia and highly aseptic technique, then destruction of the periosteum was done about 1 cm away from each end of the fragments bone. The immobilization by intramedulary pinning, then the animals were divided into two equal group. The control group was left to follow the healing process, while in the treatment group the auto- omental graft was used to cover the fracture site. This graft was taken from the laparotomy of the left side and weekly radiographic examination performed for 10 weeks. The result is revealed that the omental graft play an important role in promote the fracture healing which was evident during the early new bone formation at the end of the second week compare to the control group which the sign of the callus formation was obvious lately at the end of the third week. The nature of the callus formation of the treatment group was limited to the fracture site and quickly cross the fracture site .While in the control group the new bone formation was heavy unlimited and need 8-9 week to bridge the fracture fragments. The omental graft play role in starting the remodeling phase, by decreasing the amount of the callus formation, with the signs of increase of the callus density, and marked of incorporation of the callus formation with the cortical bone

The present study was conducted to explain the efficacy of Ruchamax on
rumen biochemical parameters in sheep. A total twenty healthy ewes were selected
randomly, then divided into two groups . The first group consider as control while the
second group was treated with Ruchamax 1.5 kg per ton of feed for 45 days. The
physical examination of the rumen liquor was done weekly at zero , 7 , 14 ,21 , 28, 35
, and 42 days , while rumen liquor biochemical parameters were done at zero , 15, 30,
and 45th days after treatment . It was observed that supplementation of Ruchamax
significantly improved rumen liquor profile, physical properties and biochemical
parameters of rumen liquor.
In a concluded that can use ruchmax to improve rumen ecosystem safely for
45 days in sheep.

A study was conducted to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of crude garlic (Allium sativum) against experimental infection with Eimeria stiedae in rabbits. Forty- two rabbits Divided into four groups : six rabbits a healthy control group (HC); 12 rabbits as challenged –garlic –protected group (CGP) which received a daily dose of 0.5 gkg body weight crude garlic for five days before challenged with E. stiedae ;12 rabbits as challenged –garlic –treated group (CGT) which received a daily dose of 0.5 gkg body weight crude garlic for five days after challenged with of E .stiedae and 12 rabbits as infected group (IG).The challenge dose was 4×104 sporulated E. stiedae oocyst per rabbits .Mortality rate , fecal oocyst count were elevated throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment ,all rabbits were killed and histopathological examination was performed. Mortalities were recorded in HC group , while mortality was found to be 8% ,25% and 50% in the CGP ,CGT and IC groups, respectively. CGP rabbits have the lower numbers of oocysts than those in the CGT than those in IC groups. Hepatic lesion were less severe in the CGP and CGT groups than in IC group. The results showed that oral administration of crud garlic ameliorated the adverse impacts of hepatic coccidiosis on rabbits as prophylactic and therapeutic , but garlic was more effective as prophylactic .

The effect of different doses of Eminium spiculatum aqueous leaf extract on coagulation of blood in the rabbits were studied .Animals treated with extract at a dose of 200 , and 400 mg / kg body weight intraperitoneally daily for 7 days produced a significant ( p < 0.05 ) increase in the clotting time , prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time with normal platelet counts when compared with phosphate buffer saline ( untreated ) and heparin ( treated ) control rabbits. The effect of the extract on coagulation of the blood was shown to be dose – dependent . Result of this study suggest that extract shows considerable anticoagulant activity in rabbits and has potential to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.