Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

Prevalence and anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes in
430 sheep investigate by faecal examination was conducted in Qushtapa, Khabat,
Benslawa, Salahaddin subdistricts in Erbil, from April to July 2012.
The mean eggs per gram (EPG) count determined by using modified McMaster
technique, showed that (40.46%) of the sheep were infested, the higher infection was
17.2% Nematodirus spp., 13.02% Strongylus spp., 4.18% Marshaligia spp., 2.79%
Trichurus spp. and 3.25% with coccidia.
Four farms were selected randomly each divided to control and three treatment
groups: Levamisol, Albendazole and Ivermectin groups. Anthelmintic efficacy was
measured after treatment dates were investigated with faecal egg count reduction test, the
FECRT percentage for Levamisol in sheep ranged from 80.3 to 94.7 which show most
effective in Khabat with FECRT of 94.7% while with Albendazole ranged from 75.5% to
80.2%, suspected resistant in all group, but the injectable Ivermectin in sheep ranged
from 85.2 to 94.8 and show effective in Bnaslawa and Salahaddin with FECR of 94.6%
and 94.8% respectively.
All the anthelmintic were found to be low effective, but resistance to Albendazole
was suspected. Based on the findings, it was concluded that development of anthelmintic
resistance could be prevented by avoiding frequent dosing and under dosing, while
strategic deworming should be practiced by both animal health workers and animal
owners.

Keywords

Sodium nitrite is widely used as a color fixative and preservative in meat and fish.
Impairment of hepatic function and disturbances in lipid metabolism are well recognized
adverse effects of sodium nitrite. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of bis [4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybezylidineaminophenyl)]telluride, a novel compound, in
preventing the hepatic damage and disturbances of lipid metabolism induced by sodium
nitrite toxicity in male albino rats. The estimated LD50 of [4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybezylidineaminophenyl)]telluride in adult male albino rats is 218.7 mg/kg body
weight. Rats given sodium nitrite (0.2%) in the drinking water showed a significant
increase in serum ALT, AST, ALP, Total cholesterol, TG. LDL and VLDL while HDL
significantly reduced. These changes are reversed by administration of bis [4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybezylidineaminophenyl)]telluride in a dose of 11mg/kg body weight
corresponding to 1/20 LD50. It is concluded that bis [4-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybezylidineaminophenyl)]telluride is effective in preventing hepatic damage and
dislipidemia in sodium nitrite intoxicated male rats.

Keywords

This study was performed to detect the antibodies against the virus-infectionassociated antigen (VIAA) in previously diseased sheep in Basra. The test is valuable
in epizootiological surveys because only infected animals with foot and mouth disease
virus will give positive reaction.
Seventy five sheep sera were re-tested by AGID test to VIA antibodies from
241 sheep sera examined by ELISA-VIAA test, collected from 13 suspicious infected
sheep flocks with FMD from two areas in Basra.
It was found -by AGID test that 56% of the total positive tested sheep sera to
ELISA build specific VIA antibodies against FMD virus, and that 96% of the negative
ELISA samples were negative to AGID test.
The results indicated that ELISA technique was more sensitive than AGID
technique

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) seeds on blood glucose, total serum
cholesterol and total serum protein in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rabbits.
Twenty-four mature male rabbits (local breed) were randomly divided into four
groups of equal number: (Control negative group (normal rabbits received 2 ml
normal saline). Normal animals group treated orally with (200 mg /kg b.w.) alcoholic
extract of fenugreek daily. Diabetic positive control group (induced diabetic rabbits
received 2 ml normal saline). Diabetic group treated orally with (200 mg /kg b.w.)
alcoholic extract of fenugreek daily. All group were deranched for six weeks.
Diabetes was induced experimentally by single intravenous injection of alloxan
monohydrate (100 mg/ kg b.w.).Estimation of blood glucose, total cholesterol and
total protein was carried out weekly for all groups of the experiment.
The results showed that alcoholic extract of T. foenum-graecum L. caused
Significant decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of serum glucose and total cholesterol in
diabetic treated groups after one week of administration. Non significant decrease in
blood glucose concentration of normal treated rabbits compared with normal control
group. Moreover significant increases (P<0.05) in total serum protein in diabetic
treated groups.
This study concluded that the alcoholic extract of T. foenum-graecum can
lower blood glucose, total serum cholesterol and improve total serum protein.

This study was conducted at animal farm / Collage of Agriculture,
Basrah University, during the period from April to December . A total of 8
blood samples were taken from dry female goats at (2.5-3.5) years old
during first day of April , July , October , December months .The aim of this
study to evaluate the effect months of year on blood (WBC , RBC, PCV and
Hb) and biochemical parameters (Fe , Phosphate, Albumin, Total protein,
Cholesterol and Glucose in addition to some hormones like Estrogen and
thyroxin. The present study resulted that there were significant (P<0.05)
increase in blood red cell count , total white blood cell number , and
monocytes percentage in summer compared with spring and winter .
Hemoglobin concentration and PCV percentage were significantly (P<0.05)
increased in summer compared with other seasons. Iron concentration was
highly significantly (P<0.05) increased in summer and autumn in comparison
with other seasons. The results also showed that there were significant
(P<0.05) increase in Estrogen and decrease in thyroxin hormone
concentration in summer compared with other seasons.

Keywords

The present study was carried out to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria in
freshwater crab (Potamon mesopotamicum) in Tigris at North of Qurna, as well as their
antibiotic resistance. A total of 21 bacterial isolates consisting three bacterial species
were isolated from freshwater crab, P. aeroginosa, E. coli, A. hydrophila kanamycin was
found to be effective against all the bacterial isolated whilst the highest percentage of
antibiotic resistance was shown beyond to Lincomycin (76.4%) followed by
ampicilin(66.14%), Erythromycin(57.3%).

The aim of study is provide basic data about the histological features of the liver of
local Iraqi ducks and to study the glycogen content in the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte. The
anatomical examination showed that liver laid cranial part of the abdominal cavity caudally
and ventrally to the heart and associated to the gizzard. The liver of Mallard is divided into
two undivided lobes right and left lobes (the right lobe is larger than left lobe). Histological
examination revealed that the liver consist of several lobules separated from each other by
thin trabeculae of connective tissue extend from delicate capsule that enclosed the liver. The
basic unit of the parenchyma of liver is hepatocyte which arranged in plates or cords like that
radiated around the central vein and between these cords there is sinusoids lined by alayer of
fenestrated endothelial cells and Kupffer's cells. In the boundary of each lobule showed portal
area which consist of hepatic artery; hepatic vein and bile duct lining by cuboidal cells. The
histochemical study showed formed differ size of glycogen granules in cytoplasm of
hepatocytes and in some speciment the glycogen large granules arranged around the central
vein because the bird in starvation period .the liver of Mallard generally is closely similar
to the liver of another avian birds and vertebrates

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily members are closely
associated with tissue remodelling events and reproductive processes. The present
study aimed to determine the role of immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin-α,
βA, and βB subunits on serum growth growth and differentiation hormones profile
during pregnancy, delivery, and lactation periods in primiparous female Wister
rats.Eighty four pregnant primiparous female rats were assigned to 4 groups (21 per each). On 5 th and 10 th day of gestation, control was injected with saline (100μl, i.p.),
Ta, Tba, and Tbb groups were injected with inhibin-α, βA, and βBantiserum (1µg in 100μl of saline, i.p.), respectively. Each group was allocated to 3 equal subgroups: pregnancy, delivery, and lactation subgroups were sacrificed on day 16 of gestation, 1st day after parturition, and 11 th day of lactation, respectively. At the end of each subgroups period, females were anesthetized, dissected and blood samples were obtained for assessment of inhibin-A, -B, activin-A , -B, -AB, GH, and prolactin
levels. Serum inhibin-A concentration in Tbb group increased during pregnancy and
delivery among experimental groups. In comparison between periods, Tbb group
showed significantly higher level during pregnancy and decreased during delivery and
lactation, whereas Ta and Tba groups recorded no difference between periods.
Inhibin-B increased in control and Tba groups during pregnancy, whereas lactation
period showed higher levels in Ta, Tba, and Tbb groups compared with control. Ta,
Tba, and Tbb groups recorded no siginificant differences between pregnancy and delivery periods but they were significantly higher in lactation period.During pregnancy and delivery, Tbb group revealed higher levels of activin-A and lowest level of activin-B concentrations among groups, whereas activin-AB concentration
increased in control and Ta groups. In comparison between periods, activin-A
concentration was higher at delivery, whereas activin-B and –AB concentrations were higher at lactation. Serum GH, in Ta group, recorded higher level during the three periods among groups. In comparison between periods, the levels of GH and PRL in all groups showed higher levels at delivery followed by lactation and pregnancy.In conclusion, passive im munization against inhibin-α, βA, but not βB subunit, at 5th and 10th day of pregnancy, have ameliorating role on serum growth and differentiation hoemones profile

Sixteen utri of Awasi sheep at different stages of pregnancy were used in this
study .The intercaruncular surface epithelium was pseudostratified at the early stage of
pregnancy and then changed gradually to simple columnar after day 50 0f pregnancy. At
day 118 it become low columnar or simple cuboidal and decreased in height .
The glandular epithelium was mainly simple columnar and showed high secretory
activity during the studied of pregnancy stages. The glandular diameter and their lumen
was increased with the advancement of pregnancy . The gland showed saculation at late
stages of pregnancy .

In recent years, pyrazole and pyrimidine derivatives attracted organic chemists due
to their widespread potential biological and chemotherapeutic activities. In this
study, pyrimidine derivative namely 6-Chloro-2,4-diamino pyrimidine was screened
for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus
cerius, Streptococcus spp, Klebsella- spp and salmonella spp and fungicidal activity
against Aspergillus multi, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. A compound
exhibited low antibacterial and antifungal activity with the reference standard
Streptomycin, Vancomycin and Nystatin respectively.
The toxicity of the compound was also assayed via the determination of their LD50
value by using Dixon
,
s up and down method (1980). Studied compound was found to
have an LD50 of 518.6 mg / kg of body weight.

The objective of present study was to investigate the gross and
histopathological findings of calves kidneys slaughtered in Mosul abattoir.
Pathological examination were carried out on fifty calves' kidneys. The most common
gross lesions were included 20% multifocal white spots, 16% enlarged pale
kidneys20% congested enlarged kidneys , 10% small shrunken kidneys, 14%
hyperemic hemorrhagic kidneys, 20% kidneys without any gross lesions. The
common observation in the histopathological examination of the kidneys revealed
slight to severe mononuclear infiltration were commonly observed, widening of the
Bowman's space were common, nephrosis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis,
acute tubular degeneration and necrosis. Cysts were observed also in this study.

This Study was conducted in animal house in Faculty of veterinary medicine
of university of kufa. This study was designated to assess the neuropathy of
Organophosphorus pesticide (Methomyl) after long–term administration of low dose
in Rock pigeons. The Clinical signs, gross lesions and histopathological assessment of
nervous tissue were described. A total of 20 pigeons, 3months old and about 500g
average body weight pigeons were used in this study. The pigeons were equally
divided in to tow groups. The dose was calculated based on study at close pilot at 0.02
ml and gradually lose the dose down to the toxic non-lethal dose. The toxic dose was
0.01 ml. One group was daily administered via oral gavages with 0.01 ml of
methomyl; for 21 days where as the other group were leave control without
administration. Organophosphorus pesticide treated groups exhibited both muscarinic
and nicotinic signs of toxicity.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the Ameliorative effect of ethanolic extracted
of silymarin from Silybum marianum seeds and to compare it’s with the
commercial silymarin extract(legalon) against oral dosing of Nickel chloride effects
on sperms concentration, motility ,viability, sperm abnormality and male fertility
and gonadal hormones .Twenty adult male rabbits aged 5 to 6 month and weighted
1.250-1.500 kg divided into four equal groups,1
st
group served as control group
received 1 ml of normal saline (NaCl 0.9%),2
nd
group received (1mg/100g B.W
)NiCl2 orally, 3
rd
group received same dose of NiCl2 plus (0.1mg/100g B.W)
silymarin extract, the fourth group received same dose of NiCl2 plus (0.1mg/100g
B.W) legalon for 35 days, Results showed negative effects of NiCl2 which caused
significant(p≤0.05) decrease in sperm concentration ,viability, motility and fertility
while sperm abnormality was significantly increase, also NiCl2 caused significant
(p≤0.05) decrease in serum progesterone, estradiol and testosterone. while silymarin
extract and legalon adverse the negative effects of NiCl2 and causing ameliorative
effects on all the studied parameters .

The trachea of the local sheep is a tubular structure that begins at the cricoid
cartilage of the larynx and ends when it bifurcates to form the principle bronchi,
composed of series of incomplete rings that were incomplete dorsally present between
of them longitudinal folds.
The study include twelve specimens divided into four groups grossly,
histological study, cast and radiography. The anatomical study include the mean total
tracheal length from the first ring to the bifurcation about (25.9 cm) , mean number of
cartilaginous rings (48.6), mean number of folds (45), measured the length of trachea
from the cricoids cartilage to the trachealis bronchus which enter to the cranial lobe of
lung which branches from the trachea in last third before divided into two bronchi
right and left each of one enter the lung for respiration also measure diameters of each
tracheal ring which deference according the position of rings, which decrease of
diameters when direction caudally to the root of lung the rings have different shape in
the three parts of the trachea cervical, middle and thoracic the histological study
showed the trachea lining pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet
cells, the wall of trachea consist of mucosa, submuosa, hyaline cartilage and
adventitia and have large amount of tracheal gland,the trachealis muscle composed of
elastic fibers interupted with smooth fibers.
The cast of trachea showed the bronchial tree and radiography explain the
trachea , bronchi and bronchioles.

The aim of this study is to evaluate application of laparoscopy in veterinary
surgery and assess the feasibility safety of laparoscopic hepatectomy using thermal
energy to control the bleeding after the partial hepatoctomy in the goats. liver
enzymes and blood counts were drawn pre and postoperatively with recorded Rectal
temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate and record the time of returning to eat and
drink post operation. The abdominal cavity was inflated by the introduction of co2
gas . The result showed that the laparoscopic partial hepatectomy can be easily done
in goats without any complications. The mean time of the procedures was 45 minutes
(range 40 to 60 min) . The physical parameters were measured preoperatively 1 st , 2nd , and 3 rd
days postoperatively ,showed no significant increase in respiratory rate , plus
rat and temperature .The Hematological parameters Hb, PCV and Biochemical tests
AST,ALT,LDH, Showed no significant increase in number at day1,2,3 after the
surgery From the results of this study, it was concluded that the laparoscopic partial
hepatectomy can be easily done in goats without any complications.

This study performed in twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats for (90) days which
divided randomly into four equal groups. Group (1): received normal saline daily.
Group (2): received orally codeine-paracetamol(40/2500 mg / kg b.w) daily. Group
(3): received orally codeine-paracetamol (80/5000 mg / kg b.w)daily. Group (4):
received orally codeine- paracetamol (160 /10000 mg / kg b.w) daily. After end of day
(90) of study all animals were sacrificed to do the histopathological and biochemical
examinations. The statistical analysis results revealed the body weight effects of
codeine-paracetamol toxicity a significant (P≤0.05) decreases of treated group after
(90) days of treatment. The histopathological investigation of liver, kidney and brain
of treated groups showed centrolobular necrosis, dilation of sinusoids, vaculation of
hepatocytes and septal fibrosis of liver while kidney showed vaculation of mesengial
cells of glomeruli, necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and dilation of renal
cortical tubules, also brain of treated group showed vaculation of neurons, these
changes are appeared mild in group (2), moderated in group (3) and sever in group
(4). The statistical analysis results of biochemical investigations of liver and kidney
function tests showed a significant (P≤0.05) increases of levels of serum AST, ALT,
ALP, bilirubin and creatinine respectively in all treated groups which these enzymes
increased mildly in group (2), moderately in group (3) and severely in group (4).

This study was designated to investigate the effect of light color and stocking
density on some productive performance of broilers. A total of 675 Ross 308 one-dayold
broiler chicks were used in this study. The birds were exposed to white light (WL)
as a control , red light (RL), blue light (BL), green light (GL), and Blue – Green mix
light (BGL) by a light-emitting diode system (LED) applied for 24 hours daily in
separated rooms. The birds were randomly divided and housed into 9 wooden sealed
pens of 1m2 in three replicates for each density 12, 15 and 18 birds/m2 in the room.
The results showed that the broilers reared under BGL significantly increased (P<
0.05) body weight (BW) and weight gain (WG) at 1st , 3rd and 5th week. Obviously,
stocking density had no significant effect on BW and WG at 1st week but
significantly increased under 12 birds/m2 at 3rd and 5th week. Feed intake (FI)
recorded a significant increase (P< 0.05) in broilers reared under WL at 1st week, but
no statistical difference was found at 3rd week whereas, FI significantly increased (P<
0.05) in broilers reared under BL at 5th week. The stocking density affected FI values
which were significantly differed (P< 0.05) at 1st, 3rd and 5th week under 12 birds/m2
compared with other densities. The results of the study revealed a significant increase
(P< 0.05) of Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broilers reared under BL at 1st week and
RL at 3rd week but there was no significant difference between groups at 5th week.
The results indicated a significant difference of FCR value in 18 birds/m2 at 1st week
but there were no significant differences at 3rd and 5th week at different densities. In
conclusion, the results of this study indicated that chickens reared under five different
color lighting schedules with three bird densities showed that broilers reared under
mixing blue – green light under 12 birds/m2 has a significant positive effects on
production performance compared with other light programs and bird densities

This study was carried out in Veterinary Medicine College / University of Basrah
to investigate the effect of Bisphenol A on thyroid, liver and testicular functions. A
total of 24 adult male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups, six animals
in each group. Animal of group (1) served as control and received a daily oral
administration of corn oil throughout the experimental protocol. Animals of group 2,
3 and 4 were administered orally 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of BPA
respectively dissolved in corn oil, the experiment extended for 30 days. The results
of the present study showed a significant decrease in serum thyroxin (T4)
concentration and a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase ( AST)
and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) concentration in bisphenol A treated groups. A
significant decrease in serum testosterone and LH concentrations in all BPA-treated
groups compared with control. On other hand non significant decrease in serum
concentrations of FSH were observed in BPA-treated groups compared with control.
A significant decrease in epididymal sperm count and sperms motility in all BPA
treated groups. However no significant differences were noted in sperms viability
between all BPA treatment groups and control. Histopathological changes were found
in thyroid glands of male rats with different doses of BPA, also central vein dilation,
enlarged nuclei, vacuolation of hepatocytes were observed in the liver of BPA treated
groups and different degrees of histological changes include depression of
spermatogenesis, decrease of leydig cells in dose dependent manner were found in
testicular tissues of BPA treated groups.

The present study assigns the effect of neuroectomy to bone healing of
experimentally induce bone fracture in 3rd metacarpal bone ,in donkeys by macroscopic,
radiographic and evaluation of mineral levels(ca,p).
Sixteen donkeys of male sex with the age 1.5- 2 years, weighting 125-150 kg. were
used for this study. These animals were healthy clinically. The donkeys were divided
randomly into two groups( non- neuroectomized and neuroectomized) eight donkeys
each group. The animals anaesthetized with xylazine Hcl at dose 0.5 mg/kg. B.W., then
injectable Ketamine Hcl at the dose 3 mg/kg B.W.which administered intravenously.
The animals of non- neuroectomized group, induced one fracture at the mid of the
shift of 3rd metacarpal bone. Evaluated with clinical signs macroscopical, estimation of
level of mineral and radiographic examination. Gross examination swelling in the site of
fracture and lameness. The callus formation shows in radiographic examination.The
calcium concentration was highly significant increase after 30th and 60th days , which the
phosphorus level increase after 30th days and then s decrease at 60th days

The present study was conducted at the Animal Farm/ College of Agriculture/
University of Basrah during the period from 2/12/2012 to 2/3/2013. The study
included 24 milking ewes aged around 2-4 years, having single lamb, closely lambing
date and weighted 42 kg. After giving the ewes preliminary period of 10 days, they
were distributed randomly and equally to six feeding groups. The first group was fed
60% concentrate and 40% roughages; soya bean meal was treated by formaldehyde.
The second group was fed 60% concentrate and 40% roughages with untreated soya
bean meal. The third group was fed 50% concentrate and 50% roughages with treated
soya bean meal. The fourth group was fed 50% concentrate and 50% roughages with
untreated soya bean meal. The fifth group was fed 40% concentrate and 60%
roughages with treated soya bean meal. The sixth group was fed 40% concentrate and
60% roughages with untreated soya bean meal (control). The ration was given as 4%
of live body weight. The concentrate consisted of 40% barley, 20% corn, 30% wheat
bran, 7% soya bean meal, 1% salt and 2% Calcium bicarbonate. Roughage was wheat
straw treated with 4% urea and 3kg/ton yeast. Treated soya bean meal reduced
degradable protein from 70% to 60%. There were no significant differences among
feeding groups in pH, total bacteria and cellolytic bacteria before feeding. However,
the differences reached significant level (P<0.05) after 3 hours of feeding. The third
group recorded highest pH value (6.82) and cellolytic bacteria (8.7x 106). The fifth
and sixth groups showed highe significant improvement in total number of bacteria
when compared with other groups (11.37x107 and 11.86x107).Propionic acid level
and the percentage of acetic: propionic were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by
different treatments, comperation with fivth and sixth treatment.

Recurrent abortion is a worldwide problem, with undefined causes. Apoptosis could
play a major role in the process. The Objective of the work to detect the expression
of p53 protein at the materno-fetal interface in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss
(RPL). Immunohistochemistry analysis of P53 protein using paraffin embedded
sections of curate samples obtained from 40 women divided into three groups : 16
women with recurrent abortion as postive with toxoplasmosis,10 women with
recurrent abortion negative of toxoplasmosis and14 women with no histry of abortion
as control group .
The mean value of the expression of P53 protein was (40.87± 7.54),which is
significantly higher than that of the second group(28.2± 4.89),and the third group
(13.07± 4.49). The high expression of p53 protein in women with RPL may have a
role in accelerating placental apoptosis leading to failure of pregnancy.

Tenotomized Achilles tendon Rabbits were used to investigate the effect of lowintensity
pulsed ultrasound (LPUS) to accelerate the repair of injured tendon. The
medial Achilles tendons of 18 local breed male rabbits were transected of all animals
without suture, and bandaging was performed to immobilization the injured limb.
Nine animals were chosen randomly to receive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, the
other 9 animals served as control. pulsating ultrasound with intensities 500 mW/cm2
and frequency 2.5 MHz were given over the healing tendons for 10 minute daily,
using a gel as the coupling agent between the ultrasound probe and the skin. The
healing tendons were evaluated clinically, macroscopically and microscopically for
three periods at 7, 14 and 21 days respectively after tenotomy, three rabbits for each
period. In the ultrasound-treated group at 14 and 21 days postoperatively, the
macroscopic and histological studies demonstrated that the low-intensity pulsed
ultrasound enhanced the healing of tendomize Achilles tendon. The ultrasound treated
group showed more mature organization at all end points of injured tendons compared

The present study assessed the effects of O-anisidine hydrochloride and the
ameliorating effect of Quercetin dihydrate in laboratory rats. Sixteen male and thirty
two female rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used and divided into eight equal groups of
two male and four female rats each. The results revealed that the treatment with Oanisidine
hydrochloride for 30 days (T1, T2 and T3 groups) caused significant
decrease in the males body weights, sperm count, individual and massive sperm
motility, testes weights, and epididymis weights as compared with control and (T4,
T5, T6 and T7) groups at (P≤0.05).When Quercetin dihydrate was offered as an
ameliorating agent, it showed a significant ameliorating effect by increasing the body
weights, sperm count, individual and massive sperm motility, testes weights, and
epididymis weights . When Quercetin dihydrate was offered alone in the ration of the
sixth treated group (T6), it caused clear significant ameliorating effect on all sperm
parameters comparing with all treated groups and the sperm count was even
significantly higher than that of control group while the other aspects were similar to
those of control group at (P≤0.05). Beside, O-anisidine caused significant decrease in
the number of pregnant females, number of delivered litters, weight of litters and sex
ratio, and it prevented the pregnancy from being occurred in the group where both
male and females are treated with it (T1). When Quercetin was mixed with Oanisidine
in the ration of (T7), it significantly ameliorated the pregnancy chances,number of litters and the sex ratio as compared with the other groups but it didn’t
reach to significant level with control group at (P≤0.05).

The study was designed to assess the protective role of Quercetin against Oanisidine
toxicity. 24 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used and divided into 3 equal
groups of 8 male rats each. The first group was the control group in which the animals
were fed on a standard ration for 15 days, then they were terminated. The second
group was fed on a ration contains 1000mg/kg O-anisidine hydrochloride for 15.The
third group was fed on a ration contains 1000mg/kg O-anisidine hydrochloride +
80mg/kg Quercetin dihydrate for 15. The results revealed that the treatment with Oanisidine
hydrochloride for 15 days (1rst treated group) caused significant decrease in
the R.B.C. count, Hb concentration, P.C.V. percentage, neutrophil and lymphocyte
counts and it caused significant increase in platelets count, total leukocytes,
monocytes, eosinophil and basophil counts, as compared with control group. When
Quercetin dihydrate was offered as a protective agent in the ration of the 2nd treated
group, it showed a significant ameliorating effect by increasing the R.B.C. count, Hb
concentration, P.C.V. percentage, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and it caused
significant decrease in platelets count, total leukocytes, monocytes, eosinophil and
basophil counts, as compared with the 1rst treated group. For the blood indices
(RDW, MCH, MCHC, MCV, and MPV) there were no significant differences among
all the experiment groups except for the mean platelet volume (MPV), where Oanisidine
hydrochloride caused significant decrease in the MPV of the 1rst treated
group as compared with control and 2nd treated group at (P≤0.05).

Breed differences in the semen quality of Iraqi sheep were studied on 16 rams, 8 of
each, Karradi and Arrabi. Rams were habituated on the method of electrical stimulation
with a bi-polar rectal probe. Semen samples were collected within two weeks and their
characters which included, volume of ejaculate, color, pH, mass motility percentage ,
individual motility percentage, concentration of sperm , viability percentage, abnormal
sperm percentage and acrosomal abrasion percentage were tested for both Karradi and
Arrabi breeds. The results revealed that the volume 0.61ml, o.59 ml, color degree 1.25,
1.5, pH 6.89, 6.9, mass motility 66.25% , 63.75%, individual motility 60%, 58.75%,
sperm concentration 121.88 million/ml, 120.5 million/ml, viability 74%, 70.25%,
abnormal sperm 17.13% , 18% and acrosomal abrasion 18.5% , 19.25 respectively .
Karradi ram semen showed higher viability percentage 74 ± 1.3 than that in Arrabi
70.23± 0.56 , and it is highly significance (p< 0.01). Karradi sheep in general may have
been adapted and acclimatized exceptional well in the middle part of Iraq compared to
Arrabi sheep.

A total of seventy four egg samples were collected from different markets sources, to
investigated for Salmonellaspp. the bacteria was isolated and identified using culturing on
selective media, in addition to, biochemical and serotyping by monovalent antisera.
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) detection of theinvA; and DH genes was
used for conformation of the identification of the Salmonella spp.. Twenty eight samples
from seventy four eggs provide positive results with PCR as Salmonella spp. depending
on InvA gene which is the target for the identification at the genus level.

Twenty adult common quail male obtained from Soq-Al-Shiyookh local
market .They were kept under light and feeding conditions adopted by it. The
anatomical study was appeared that the reproductive system in common quail consist
of paired testes ,efferent ducts, epididymis, vasdeference and recetaculum .The testes
are lying within the abdominal cavity and are joined to the dorsal body wall by short
connective tissue . They are paired oval-shaped structure .The average of the left
testicular size is ( 2 ± 0.04 cm3) and the average of the right testicular size is (1.85 ±
0.01 cm3).The average of the left testicular weight is (1.9 ± 0.01 gm. ) and the average
of the right testicular weight is (1.7 ± 0.01 gm.). The testes of quail are long axis is
oblique and directed dorso caudally .The epididymis is relatively large and is firmly
attached to the dorso lateral surface of the testes. The histological study was showed
that the spermatogonia are identified adjacent to the basement membrane of the
seminiferous tubules either singly or in cluster but they do not form a complete basal
layer. The primary spermatocyte are the largest cells of the spermotogenic population
. Their nuclei are notable for both their size and appearance ,being big and vesicular is
due to the presence of condensed chromatin. The secondary spermatocyte enter the
second meiotic division ,the subsequent cells formed from this division are
spermatids. Spermatocytogenesis ends when spermatids appears .The spermatids
undergo a complex process of differentiation leading to the transformation of these
spermatids into sperm . Based on changes in the acrosomes and nuclei during the
development of spermatid will give rise mature spermatozoa

Twenty samples of Laryngeal and Tracheal tissues from laying chickens of two
flocks with suspicious infectious laryngeotracheitis were tested for the detection of the
causative virus by using virus isolation in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF)cell culture
and chicken embryos by chorioallantoic membrane inoculation and conventional
polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The virus was isolated from three samples (larynx and
trachea) out of ten samples at Al-Sawara city on (CEF)cell culture and produce pock
lesions on chorioallantoic membrane of infected chicken embryos in which the virus was
isolated.
Positive PCR results were detected in the three clinical samples, isolated virus in
CEF cell culture and isolated virus in chicken embryos (inoculated on chorioallantoic
membrane).

The present study to evaluate the third degree burn involved all skin layers (full-thickness
burns), and that by using ziziphus leaf extract and nigella seed extract as an ointment.
Healthy twelve mature rabbits either sex, weighing 2-2.5 kg, bred locally were used.
Divided in to two groups (ziziphus group and nigella group) six rabbits of rabbits each
one burned experimentally by using fire source directly on skin surface and then treated
with local application of ointment (ziziphus leaf ointment and nigella sativa seed
ointment) each one on it is group with daily dressing by using medical gauze.
This study appeared the benefit effect of ziziphus ointment and nigella ointment in burn
healing in histopathological changes, but the group treated with ziziphus leaf extract
(ointment) was better than the other group in cellular response to inflammatory process
that occur during healing by early apparition of re-epithelialization