Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

The seminiferous tubules of the testes of rabbits were lined by multilayered
germ cells . The first layer was occupied by the spermatogonia , which were
differentiated into type A(dusty type) spermatogonia, Intermediate type and type B
(crusty type) spermatogonia.
Pictures of Preleptotene, Leptotene, Zygotene ,Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis.
Primary spermatocytes were found and followed by secondary spermatocytes.
Reading the morphological changes, the spermatid proposed 10 stages of cellular
association during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in rabbit .

The study was carried out to investigate the histomorphology of hemal lymph
nodes of camel (Camelus dromedarius) . The results showed that the hemal lymph
node was conical in shape with convex wide base and narrow apex. It was
encapsulated by a thick fibrous connective tissue capsule from which long trabeculae
emerge. The stroma of hemal lymph node consists of randomly distributed lymphatic
nodules ,lymphatic cords and hemal sinuses. Presence of erythrocytes, leukocytes
especially lymphocytes ,monocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and megakaryocytes
were seen . Megakaryocytes or giant cells possess an irregularly lobulated nuclei with
course chromatin and unapparent nucleoli.

Leishmania major glycoprotein 63 (lmajgp63) gene was used in this study as
DNA vaccine candidates. Gene was inserted into VR1012 plasmid by using standard
molecular biology protocols, resulting in preparation of lmajgp63/VR1012 plasmid.
Vaccine either used as naked or gold particles coated DNA vaccine in immunization
of females Balb/c mice. Animals were immunized at week 0, 2 weeks and 6 weeks.
Dermojet needle free injector had been used to deliver gold particles coated DNA
vaccine intradermally (I/D) while ordinary needle injection was used to deliver naked
vaccine intramuscularly (I/M). Immune response for each vaccinated group were
detected, two weeks after the third administration of the vaccines, by estimation of
serum concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ, as well as anti-soluble
Leismania antigen (anti-SLA) IgG titer, by ELISA test. The results demonstrated the
effectiveness of DNA vaccines in induction immune response comparing to control
groups (P<0.05). The highest serum concentrations of IL-2, INF-γ and anti-SLA IgG
OD value observed in mice group which immunized with gold particles coated
vaccine injected I/D (182.10 pg/ml, 1699.20 pg/ml and 0.6101 respectively), while the
lowest titer was observed in group vaccinated with naked plasmids injected I/M
(103.60 pg/ml, 1183.20 pg/ml and 0.3395 respectively). On the other hand group
treated with naked plasmid I/M shows the highest titer of IL-4 and IL-10
concentration (85.30 pg/ml and 53.10 pg/ml respectively), while the lowest titer observed in group injected I/D by gold coated plasmid (50.90 pg/ml and 41.88 pg/ml
respectively). The results also demonstrated that I/D injection of gold particles coated
DNA vaccine induced the highest Th1/Th2 response [IL-2/IL-10 (4.348) and INF-γ/IL-
4 (33.383)], while I/M injection of naked vaccine gave the lowest results [IL-2/IL-10
(1.951) and INF-γ/IL-4 (13.879)].

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of locally produced fish
biosilage as fish meal alternative on feeding, growth efficiency and gut histology in
common carp C. Carpio fingerlings. Biosilage was prepared by fermenting marine bycatch
fish with date fruit residues, domestic vinegar and citric acid. The produced
biosilage was incorporated in feeds to replace 0, 25, 50 or 75% of fish meal protein.
Fish were fed for 14 weeks and feeding and growth parameters were close in the four
feed groups so as fish survival rate during the experiment (88.9-93.3%). Histological
examination of intestine and liver sections has showed improvements when fish fed
on the four different feeds. Initial fish group showed signs of nutritional deficiency
through limited size of intestinal villi and hepatocytes. However, the histological
structure of gut was improved after fish were fed on the experimental feeds without
significant differences between fish meal or fish biosilage feeds. The study concluded
that fish silage could replace fish meal without adverse effects on feeding, growth
efficiency and gut histology.

The comparison toxico-epidemiological study designed to evaluate the Lead, Nickel
and Cadmium levels in healthy sheep of different regions in Al Basrah province and
compared with sheep from Animal Farm of Agriculture College /University of Basrah(as
control group). Sixty three adult male sheep were tested for the study (6 animals for each
region). Blood samples were collected from each ram, the Pb, Ni and Cd values were
measured. AST, ALT and creatinine values were also determined. The results revealed to
high increase levels of Cd, and Pb concentration among the different regions and
compared with control rams values. There were no significant differences in the
transaminase enzymes activity and creatinine concentration among the animals tested. In
spite of the rise in trace minerals values but it did not threshold to harmful effect on rams’
body physiology.

Water extract of castor bean was prepared and injected in mice in order to study the effect of
acute phase of toxicity (in different doses) on living tissue, for these reasons, 24 male white mice
were divided equally into 4 groups. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups were injected with the aqueous
extraction of the castor seeds subcutaneously with 20, 30 and 60 mg/Kg of body weight,
respectively, while the 4th group used as control group.
After 24 hrs. the internal organs showed degenerative changes and proteintious material in the
spleen and kidney, also these organs in addition to liver and stomach showed inflammatory
reaction in their parenchyma. The lesions in the examined internal organs were mild in a dose of
20 mg/Kg B.W. and more sever lesions seen in a dose of 60 mg/kg of body weight.