Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

The present research was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of two
different levels of Ground Olive leaves (5% and 10 %) in diet on levels of reproductive
hormones like Testosterone , Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing
Hormone (LH) in male rabbits, twenty one male rabbits with body weight average 1-
1.4 Kg and 4.5-5 months age have been bought from the local markets and they
divided randomly to three similar groups and fed on concentrate pellets diets with
green roughage , the male Rabbits have been divided in 7 animals /group with equal
weights. The 1st group (T1) control group was offered tap water and fed concentrate
pellets without ground olive leaves , The 2nd one (T2)(5% Ground Olive leaves / diet)
offered tap water and fed concentrate pellets with 5% Ground Olive leaves /diet , while
the 3rd one(T3)(10% ground Olive leaves)offered tap water and fed concentrate pellets
with 10% ground olive leaves /diet and the nutrition were been continuedalong 8
weeks . In this study we measured the role of use ground Olive leaves in rabbits male
diet on levels of hormones like testosterone, FSH,LH in blood along the period of
experiment.
The results showed decrease in Testosterone level in serum significantly
(P<0.05) while a significant increase (P<0.05)in LH level occur and there is account
differences in FSH level that produced from pituitary gland.We concluded that the use
of ground Olive leaves have impact on fertility of rabbits males throughit'sdisruption in
biosynthesis or intervention with production of hormones in genital system of Rabbits
male.

The present study is to identify the chemical composition of bay leaves
(Laurusnobilis L.) protein, oil, ash and carbohydrate which were (7.62, 8.5, 3.63, 50.83)%
respectively.This paper reports the concentration of many minerals calcium,
Phosphorus,Potassium,Iron,Copper Magnesium, Manganese, and Zink. Calcium and
Magnesium have the highest concentration(377,550 mg /g) respectively, Vitamins
concentration also determined riboflavin, ascorbic acid which were (45.33, 2, 0.90 mg/g)
respectively. Bay oil.Was extracted from bay leaves(L.nobilis)with petroleum ether using
Soxhlet apparatus. Bay oil showed high value in unsaturated fatty acids 55% include
oleic,linoleic,linolenic, and saturated fatty acids 45% includelaureic, merestic, palmetic,
stearic. The present study describe the reducing power and antioxidant activity for
alcoholic extracts of bay leaves.rates of antioxidant activity and reducing power increases
as the concentrate of bay leaves extract increasedwhich were (173.81%) and (75.61%)
respectively at 5% concentration.

Present study was to detect the ordinary benzene on ossification in the long bones of the
mouse embryos Musmusculus L.conducted the current study, 56 mice adult (16 male& 40
female) the females were divided into four groups, first for the control of the three treatment
groups wasexposed to ordinary benzene concentration (4.5ppm, 9ppm, 45ppm) hours / day
for 45 days and then married with intact males and took 20-day embryos,the results refer that
the treatment groups showed significant decrease p< o.o5 revealedin the centers of
ossification compared with control group.

The present work were conducted on (225) local cattle breeds of both sexes , and of
different ages in Basarh governorate (Basrah –Iraq). Two hundred local cattle breeds
were naturally infected with. Mycoplasma wenyonii and (25) clinically normal cattle
breeds served as controls. According to age, diseased animals were divided into four
age groups (50) animals for each. Animals were found clinically infected
with Mycoplasma wenyonii which diagnosed based on Giemsa stain blood smears and
confirmed with PCR test technique. Diseased cattle show sings of partial or complete
loss of appetite ,anemia with pale and / or icteric mucous membranes , decrease milk
production , rapid and difficult respiration, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes ,
rough coat , lethargy , weight loss and edema of lower hind limbs, In addition , body
temperature ,respiratory rate ,heart rate and capillary refilling time were increased
statistically , compared with controls ,Furthermore statistically significant decrease
(P<0.05) were encountered in ruminal contractions .
Results were also indicated that TRBCs, Hb, and PCV values of diseased cattle were
significantly decrease than controls thereby macrocytic hypochromic type of anemia
was indicated. Results were also shown a significant increase in TLC as a result of
significant increase lymphocytes, Mycoplasma wenyonii appear coccoid or rod shape,
structures, However it might found individually or in chains on the erythrocyte cell
wall, Moreover diagnosis were confirmed by PCR,Since out of (96) blood samples
(80) (83.3%) were found positive. Results were also revealed that animals of 2-3
years old were highly infected compared with other age groups. Changes of blood
clotting factor indices were also noticed in diseased cattle compared with controls and
the results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in the mean values of total
thrombocytes count and Fibrinogen time ,whereas significant increase (P<0.05) were
detected in thrombocytes volume, thrombocytes distribution width, prothrombin time
, clotting time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. It have been concluded that
Mycoplasma wenyonii infected local cattle breeds of Basrah Governorates and lead to
substantial effect including decrease milk yield and anemia's ,which might terminated
with economic losses ,Therefore all cattle reared in this area must be screened.

A total of 313 Orbiculate batfishes Platax orbicularis were studied from the Iraqi marine waters
at the shallow tip of the Arabian Gulf during the period from March to September 2015. This
species is an omnivore (planktivorous) which migrate between surface and bottom for feeding
activity. Length –Weight relationship and growth rate were calculated for the 222 specimens.
The highest growth rate calculated was 5.16 which occurred at length group 23-27cm
equivalent to age group I+. The Iraqi marine waters were indicated as feeding ground but not
spawning ground.

The present work is designed to anatomical, histological and histochemical study
of the proventriculus of common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus). Thirty adult
common moorhen which obtained from a commercial market of (Al Basra city) were
used in this study, and the work conducted at veterinary medicine collage –university
of Basra. The anatomical study revealed that the proventriculus of common moorhen
was tubular in shape with average mean of its length and width (20.00±.7906
mm),(10.48±.1.53194mm) respectively. The internal surface of the proventriculus
was smooth and raising no papilla. The proventriculus connect with esophagus
cranially and with muscular stomach caudally, It lies essentially in the vertical plane.
The histological study showed that the proventriculus of common moorhen consist of
four tunics (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa).The mucosal layer of
characterized by branched longitudinal folds (villi) lined by simple columnar
epithelium, the sub mucosal layers manifested by presence of compound tubular
glands which was arranged in pyramidal or conical shape (adenomere), while
muscularis externa consist of two layers longitudinal inner and outer layer was
circular. The tunica serosa composed of loose connective tissue covered by
mesothelum. The statistic analysis revealed that the average lengths of villi and
adenomere were (74.50 ±14.72mm), ( 107.63±45.81mm) respectively, while the
average width of villi, tunica sub mucosa, adenomere, muscularis externa and serosa
were (8.75±2.36 mm), (143.12±30.37mm), (85.62±54.76mm), (22.12±6.29mm),
(2.50±.00mm) respectively. The histochemical study of proventriculus showed that
the carbohydrate have positive reaction with shiff reagent in the surface epithelium
sub mucosal glands, tunica muscularis and serosa. While the glycogen granules
distributed in the epithelium, around the sub mucosal glands and in tunica muscularis

The current study was conducted from October 2013 until the beginning of
September 2014 to estimate the Omega -3fatty acid for three species of marine fish
(Acanthopagrusarabicus , Chelonsubviridis and Cynoglossusarels). The study was
conducted during the four seasons winter of 2013, spring of 2014 , summer of 2014
and fall of 2014. The oil was extracted by organic solvent extraction, the fatty acid
was estimated using Gas Chromatography connected with mass spectrometry
(calculated on the basis of the total amount of the fatty acids), omega–3 percentage of
both types DHA, EPA has varied between the fish as it reached 56.5% , 55.9% ,
67,13% , 49.22% during winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively. Also it was
found ,by the results, that the percentage of omega -3 type EPA was high in the winter
as the percentage was 30.99%, followed by the summer as it was 30.42% and the
lowest rate was in the autumn as it was 20.33%, while the percentage of the second
type of omega -3 DHA was close during the four seasons, as the summer achieved the
highest percentage which was 36.71% and the lowest percentage was in the winter as
it reached 25.06%.

Streptococcus zooepidemicus is one of the the main causitive opportunistic
pathogen of the equine genital system and one of the secondary bacterial disease
that causes mucosal bacterial infections . In the present study, PCR technique
was used to detect S. zooepidemicus directly from uterine samples of infected
mares based on specific amplification superoxide dismutase (sodA) gene primers
that were designed by using the partial sequence of S.equi subsp. zooepidemicus
strain 65843 superoxide dismutase (sodA) gene, (GenBank: GU436869.1) and
primer3 plus for PCR primer design. The results showed high prevalence
detection of S. zooepidemicus (76%) positive uterine swab samples (38/50). This
study was concluded that S. zooepidemicus is the one of silant pathogen that
cause metritis in mares. PCR is very fast and specific tool used to detect of S.

Twenty fertilized eggs of pigeon (Columba livia) embryo were collected from local
markets and pigeon breeders in Basrah governorate.They incubated in eggs incubator .The study
comprised histochemical description of mitochondria decreasing and increasing in it density in
femur bone development of pigeon embryo (Columba livia ) which included appearance of the
mitochondria during the embryological stages. The study showed the mitochondria is spindle in
shape and few in resting chondrocyte stage , while it was more in hypertrophy chondrocyte and
more density in ossification in osteoblast stage .The aim of this study is know the density of
mitochondria during the development of the femur bone of pigeon embryo.

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of repeated
administration of ivermectin alone or with the combination of Vitamin C on kidney
function and histopathological effects on kidney and lung of rabbits. Total of 48
mature female rabbits were used in this study. The rabbits were divided into eight
groups of equal number (6). The 1st group was administered 0.9% Nacl which
considers as control. The 2nd , 3rd , and 4th groups were administered (0.5mg, 1mg,
and 2mg/Kg B.W Ivermectin) respectively. While the 5th group was administered
50mg/Kg B.W vitamin C only. The 6th , 7th , and 8th groups were given 50mg/Kg
vitamin C in combination with Ivermectin (0.5mg, 1mg, and 2mg/Kg B.W )
respectively. The ivermectin therapy was given S/C weekly, while the vitamin C was
given daily and orally. The treatment in all groups were prolonged for 8 weeks.
The results showed significant increase (P˂ 0.05) in uric acid level in the 4th
group. Also the level of urea and blood urea nitrogen were revealed significant
decrease (P˂ 0.05) in 7th group. While the creatinine level clarified significant
increase (P˂ 0.05) in the 3rd and 8th groups as compared with control group.
The histopathological changes as a results of ivermectin treatment in kidney
included vacuolation of subcapsular tubules, atrophy of glomeruli. The lung showed
dilated alveoli, bronchioles were aggregated with lymphocyte, dilatation of
bronchioles, as well as, folding and thickening of bronchial epithelium. The
administration of vitamin C with combination of Ivermectin ameliorate the harmful
effect of ivermectin treatment. It can be conclude that the repeated administration of
ivermectin causes hazardous effects on kidney function and many of
histopathological changes were demonstrated in kidney and lung structure. The
changes were increased proportionally with the dose. The administration of vitamin
C can acts as protective agent.

This research was conducted to asses some macroscopical and microscopical
observations of pituitary gland in guinea pig .
Pitutary gland is considered as a complex endocrine gland , located at the base of the
brain where it lies in the sella turcica , a small deprission in the sphenoid bone .
It is attached to the hypothalamic region of the brain by a narrow stalk . The glands
weight about ( 20 mg ) . microscopically it is composed of an epithelial component or
adenohypophyis and a nervous component or neurohypophysis . The parancymal cells
of the pars distalis are the chromophilic cells . Pars intermedia consist of
chromophobic cells and basophilic cells . neurohypophysis has scattered pituicytes
among the nerve fibers .

Human platelet lysates (HPL) have been described as appropriate cell culture
supplement for cultures of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The increase in demand
for harmless and animal-free cultures of MSCs is related to the potential application
of MSCs grow in human source supplements
In this study, human platelet lysates are derived from fresh and expired blood
donor platelet concentrates. Mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
were cultured with one of three culture supplements; fetal bovine serum, lysates from
fresh and expired prepared human platelet concentrates. The impacts of these platelet
derived culture supplements on basic mesenchymal stem cell characteristics were
evaluated. All cultures preserved the mesenchymal stem cells surface marker
expression, growth carves and viability test. The result demonstrated that
mesenchymal stem cells complemented with platelet lysates proliferated faster than
conventional FBS cultured cells and increased the expression of the cells. In
conclusion, the use of fresh and expired platelet units from blood banks to prepare
platelet lysates for the culture of MSCs is appropriate as well as keep cells phenotype
characteristics and also shortens culture time by increasing their growth.

In the current study, ten specimens of the adult ox kidneys have been used to identity
morphology and blood supply features by using corrosion cast technique. The mean body
weight of ox was 180±10kg. The external surface of the kidneys was elongated oval to pyramid,
lobulated flattened ventrodorsally, and light-brown in color. The right kidney is weighted 299±
24gm as well as it had two surfaces (ventral and dorsal), two borders (lateral and medial) and
two poles (cranial and caudal), while the left kidney is weighted 333± 27gm and had three
surfaces (right &left ventral and dorsal), in addition it had two borders and two poles.
The renal artery and vein have the same course and each one divided into 2-3 segmental blood
vessels. The segmental artery and vein are divided in to interlobular artery and vein which
supply medulla and cortex. The interlobular artery & vein were passed through the renal
columns and branched into arcuate and finally gave off cortical artery and vein.
The aim of this study, to exposure the normal gross internal appearance of blood vessels and
ureter of ox kidneys by using corrosion cast technique.

Zizyphusspina-christi has a common name in Iraq "Nabka",it has been used in
traditional medicine.The present study was designed to elucidate the protective effect of
aqueous extract of ziziphusspina Christi on hepato and haematotxicity induced by
paracetamol in adult male rabbits. Eighteen adult male rabbits were divided randomly into 3
groups of 6 rabbits each and were treated for four weeks as follows:control group, second
(T1) groupreceived orally (300 mg/kg B.W.) of paracetmoldailyand third (T2) Groupreceived
orally (200 mg/kg B.W.) of crude extraction of zizyphyusspinadaily with (300 mg /kg B.W.)
of paracetmoldaily. The results indicated that paracetamol administration induced hepato and
haematotoxcity manifested by significant(P<0.05) elevation in liver enzymes (AST and ALT)
and reduction in total protein and albumin concentration with significant (P<0.05)decrease in
RBC, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCHC and Neutrophiles whereas it increase in WBC, MCV,
Lymphocyte and monocytes as a compared with control group.On the other hand, animals
treatment with aqueous extract of zizyphusspinachristiin group T2 showed a significant
ameliorated in biochemical andhaematologicalparameters change induce by paracetamol.It
could be concluded that oral administration of Zizyphusextract have hepatoprotectiveand antianemic
role agonist hepato and haematotoxicity induce by paracetamol.

A total 180 samples of pellet poultry feed were collected from poultry feed stores and local
markets .They were cultured on potato dextrose agar(PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) for
isolation and identification of Aspergillus flavus.They were Sub-cultured on sabouraud dextrose
agar(SDA) .Then the isolates were cultured on coconut agar medium(CAM) . The rapid detection
of 50 selected isolates of contaminated poultry feed samples with A.flavus were achieved by blue
–green fluorescence under UV light and by ammonia vapor on CAM medium to determine the
aflatoxigenic isolates of A.flavus. The detection by UV light revealed that 26 (52%) of isolates
were aflatoxigenic (positive) by produce blue-green fluorescence under UV light at 356nm , and
also 26 (52%) of isolates were aflatoxigenic (positive) by turned the colony reverse to pink color
by exposure to ammonia vapor.

This study was designed to explore the effect of nitrate ion on induction of diabetes
experimentally in laboratory mice.Fifteen white mice, 7-8 week olds were randomly divided
into three equal groups. First group was administrated orally o.3 ml of nitrateion
(concentration was 0.25gm/10ml D.W) daily for one month. Second group was administrated
orally o.3 ml of potassium nitrate (concentration was 0. 5gm/10ml D.W) daily forone
month. Third group was administrated orally with 0.3 ml of distilled water (D.W) daily for
one month.After 30 post administrationthe concentration of blood glucose of infected
animals treated with nitrate ion increase in both first and second groups when compared with
control group.
The histopathological change study showed pathological lesions in pancreasof first group
treated with nitrate ion showed the exocrine region and islets of Langerhans with damaged
due to necrosis, while the second group wasinfected with nitrate ion showed the exocrine
region and islets of Langerhans with necrosis and congestion of blood vessel

Caseous lymphadenitis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a
chronic worldwide disease of sheep and goats resulted in abscess formation in
subcutaneous and internal lymph nodes. Indirect immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were
used for detection of anti PLD IgG antibodies of C. pseudotuberculosis in two
hundred and five serum samples collected from sheep flocks and from Al-shualla
slaughterhouse in Baghdad. The seropositive percentage was 15.12 of the total sera
tested. A non-significant of higher positive percentage of CLA was seen in the female
sheep as comparison to male one A higher seropositive percentage was recorded in
old age group in comparison to younger one.

Condensation of 6-methoxy benzothiazol-2-amine with 2-hydroxy- naphthaldehyde gave new
Schiff-base derivative in good yield. The metal complex of Co(II) have been synthesized with
Schiff base of benzothiazol derivative. Spectroscopic study such as, two dimensional NMR of
new compound have been obtained by using nuclear magnatic resonance 600 MHz.
Computational study of all compounds was calculated using Gaussian 09 program package. The
synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia. Additionally, the compounds
were tested for antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida tropica, Aspergillus multi
and Aspergillus niger. Cobalt complex compound exhibited more activity as antifungal than
benzothiazole derivative.

The aim of this study was to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of atropine in case of
cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors toxicity in chicks subjected to oxidative stress (OS) with
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 at 0.5 % in drinking water induced OS at age of 7-14
days in the chicks when given each day for 14 consecutive days. There was no change in
the acute median lethal dose (LD50) for diazinon (7.9 mg/kg, orally) for both H2O
(control) and H2O2 groups. The therapeutic efficacy of atropine was decreased (265 %)
when measuring the median effective dose (ED50) for treating the diazinon toxicity in
H2O group (2.6 mg/kg, i.m.) and in the H2O2 group (9.5 mg/kg, i.m.). The signs of acute
diazinon toxicity were found to increase in H2O2 groups when compared to H2O group
and there is slight decrease in plasma and whole brain ChE activities in H2O2 group when
when compared to H2O group. The data revealed a decline in atropine efficacy for
treatment diazinon toxicity in chicks that suffered from OS status and it is recommended
here to increase the dose of atropine in this case.

Eight Samples of tumor masses were collected from cases of (3)squamous cell
carcinoma in vulva (SCC) and(5) ruminalfibropapillama in cows fromBasraprovince
south of Iraq during the period February 2013 through January 2014 . The cases of SCC
cases were characterized by smooth, dry, white poorly demarcated dermal bundles of
homogenous tissue with necrotic or\and hemorrhagic foci separated by fibrous tissue in
theearlyand late stage named as acanthosis . The size offibropapilloma cases were
variable in size and characterized byabundant proliferating fibrous tissue massgrowth in
the rumen covered by stratified squamous epithelium of varying thickness exhibiting
marked hyperkeratosis of the stratumcorneum of rumen.

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of Organophosphate
(Malathion and Atrazine), and determined the accumulation of these pesticides in the
whole body of zebrafish, and some biochemical responses in its brain and muscle.
The results showed that MAL and ATR could be rapidly accumulated in the fish body
shortly after being exposed to acute concentrations of the toxicants and exhibited a
dose-dependent manner. This was also validated by the response of antioxidant
defense, superoxide dismutase and catalase, both exhibited significant increase in
activity. Acetylcholinesterase activity of zebrafish was also shown inhibited in a
dose-dependent manner.