Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

In the current study, 16 rabbit was divided into two groups. Animals of Group I
(untreated control) were maintained without any treatment. Group 2 animals (treated
group), the gentamicin were injected in thigh muscle /I.M. at 25 mg/kg body weight
twice a day (morning and evening) for two months. During experimental period
anorexia, emaciation, and death some animals were seen. Histopathological
examination showed that there was proliferated of cortical renal tubules cells and
degeneration with necrosis of some them as well as congestion of sinusoid in liver
and proliferation of bile duct. There was also vacuolated and congestion of
myocardial tissue. In conclusion, the administration of gentamycin for long time
could serve as a source of harm to animal organs such as kidney, liver, bile duct, and
heart

The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Bovine viral diarrhea and
persistently infected (PI) animals at Nineveh province ,Iraq, using antigen capture enzyme
linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) test and multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase
chain reaction (RT- PCR technique) as a diagnostic tool and to determine BVDV genotypes,
However, investigation of some epidemiological risk factors associated with occurrence of
disease was also encountered. The study was started from January to August, 2017. A total of
494 cattle ear notches (112 adult cows, 30 younger calves and 352 young beeflot calves) was
sampled and tested. For investigating of the persistently infected animals, The positive cattle
were screened for a second time after four weeks from the first sampling, Moreover,
epidemiological data collected through interview with the farmer s’ owner. Furthermore, The 5-
Untranslated rejoin (5’ UTR gene) of BVDV extracted from ear notch were used to determine
the genotypes of the virus. Results indicated that the overall prevalence of BVD in Nineveh
province based on AC-ELISA and multiplex PCR technique was 5.46% and 13.96%,
respectively.Moreover, the prevalence of PI in cattle was 0.8% for each test. According to
Kappa value (0.457), it has been found that, the multiplex PCR is highly efficient for diagnosis
of BVDV in cattle than AC-ELISA test. It was indicated that both BVDV1 and BVDV2 were
detected in Nineveh province at (12.95%, 1.01%) respectively. Results were also indicated that
the cattle ages, genders, breeds, importation, large herd size, regions and the seasons were significantly associated with higher prevalence of BVD. It has been concluded that BVD is an
endemic disease in Nineveh province, However, at several factors could assist for its spreading.
Moreover, two genotypes were detected, BVDV1 and BVDV2.Therefore, control programs as
well as early detection of PI animals should advised, and have the priority.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Hexane extracts of
Ricinus (Seed & leaves ) and Black Pepper on Chrysomya albiceps larvae .Result
showed that the Ricinus leaves Hexane extract had 100% mortality in all stage Larvae at
0.1&0.5mg\ml and 96.666 mortality in larvae at 1.0mg\ml of same extract (Table 2)
.Black pepper Hexane extracts Result showed that 1.0mg\ml had mean mortality 86.666
in larvae (Table 3). Ricinus seed Hexane extract showed 83.333 mean mortality rate at
1.0 mg\ml (Table 1 ).Many concentration were prepared (0.1,0.5,1.0 )mg\ml for each
plants extracts in our investigation .Chemicals plants compounds were mage red
(Alkaloids ,Phenols ,Tannins ,Resins and Oils ).The result showed that’s used of natural
plants production had more better than the chemicals insecticides which it studied in
another time before this our investigation .

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of red laser irradiation on testicular and
epididymis tissue. Twenty rabbits, male mature were used in the present study. The
animals were divided in to four groups. First group as control and second, third and fourth
groups exposed to red laser irradiation 5 min, 15 min, 30 min respectively. Histological
sample were taken after necropsy method of all experimental animals for preparation slide
processes to examine under light microscope. The result of experiment showed
histological changes induced by exposure the animals to red laser (650nm-10w) which
present as versus changes and these pathological changes is directly fit with period of
exposure which appear as degeneration, odematous, hyperemia and necrosis in to
testicular and epididymis.

This study was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of chitosan in the
immunopathology of osteomyelitis in diabetic rabbits; therefore, the experimental
design was carried out on 40 rabbits. They were divided into 5 groups each of 8
animals, diabetes mellitus was induced in rabbits , then infected by Staphylococcus
aureus and treated as following: First group (G1) was induced diabetes mellitus then
immunized by whole sonicated S. aureus antigens (WSSAG) and induced
experimentally osteomyelitis. The second group (G2) was induced diabetes mellitus,
then immunized by (WSSAG) and induced experimentally osteomyelitis and fed on
diet containing chitosan. Third group (G3) was induced diabetes mellitus, and induced
experimentally osteomyelitis only. Fourth group (G4) was induction of diabetes
mellitus, and induced experimentally osteomyelitis and fed on diet containing
chitosan. Fifth group (G5) was induced experimentally osteomyelitis only without
diabetes mellitus induction. Then at day 28th - 30th post immunization, skin test was
performed to each of the immunized groups, and at day 30th the antibodies titer was
measured by passive hemagglutination assay and phagocytic activity, then the animals
were sacrificed and the treated bone taken for histopathological examination. In the
present study , a significant increase was noted in the value of skin thickness of G2 at
48 and 72 hrs PI. A significant increase was also noted in the value of antibodies
titers of G2. We also showed a marked decrease in the t1/2 of carbon clearance of G2. The histopathological results of G2 showed normal periosteal surface and compact
bone with active osteoblasts lining the trabecular bones 30 days PI. However, other
groups showed many histopathological lesions like infiltration of inflammatory cells
and proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in G1, G3, and G4.The results also
showed necrotic bone, hemorrhage, inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in G5.
Taken together, these findings indicate that the chitosan had a beneficial effect in
bone healing of diabetic animals after infection in S. aureus.
.

The effect of quercetin derivative (1-(-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-
4 H –chromen-4-ylidene) thiourea coded (QTU) on the hematological profile
of Wistarrats induced toxicity with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was investigated.
Administration intra peritoneal injection of 12.5 mg /kg and 25mg/kg of quercetin
derivative (QTU) ,after four weeks of being exposure to CCl4, led to a significant
decrease (p<0.05) in WBC count, with a corresponding increase on PCV and Hb. It was
also observed that the functional recovery of these blood indices is concentration
dependent.
Results of this study revealed a depletion of RBC and a decrease in Packed Cell
Volume (PCV) and Hemoglobin (Hb),In addition, an elevation in the levels of White
Blood Cell (WBC) caused by CCl4 compared to control samples.

The current study aims to evaluate the effect of Iraqi sweet almond (Prunus
amygdalus) on the toxicity of lead acetate in wild pigeons Rock Doves (Columba livia
gaddi) on body weight and certain hematological and biochemical parameters. Forty
healthy adults of both sexes Rock Dove pigeons were randomly selected and
categorized into four groups, A,B,C, and D. Group A (control group), were fed on a
balanced ration, group B, were administered lead acetate 72 mg/kg body weight
orally, group C orally administered with an aqueous extract of Iraqi sweet almond
(Prunus amygdalus) 300 mg/kg body weight, and group D were orally administered
with 72 mg/kg body weight of lead acetate and 300 mg/kg body weight of the
aqueous extract of Iraqi sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus). These materials were
administered daily and for the whole study period which extended to 28 days. Results
showed that lead acetate alone caused significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in the body
weight, hemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte count, PCV% and triglycerides,
while there were a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in total leukocyte count, heterophils,
monocytes, lymphocytes, glucose, uric acid, and AST and ALT activities. On the
other hand, combined treatment with Iraqi sweet almond and lead acetate to members
of group (D) caused significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte
count, PCV% and lymphocytes, and significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) in cholesterol and
uric acid, while no significant differences in triglyceride and AST and ALT activities.
The present finding concludes that adding of Iraqi sweet almond has significant effects on certain hematological and biochemical properties of Rock Dove pigeons
(Columba livia gaddi) affected by administering lead.

A study using 300 one-day-old Ross-308 broilers was conducted to assess the effects of dried
ginger root powder (Zingiber officinale) addition at percentages (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) % in the
treatments T1, T2 and T3 respectively on growth performance, immune status and small intestine
morphology of broiler chickens at different ages. Compare with the control group (T0) without
adding ginger powder.
The broiler body weight, body weight gain, viability, production index, and economic profit
impacted with addition of ginger powder significantly (P≤0.05) increase in T3 at ages (1-21 d)
and (36-42). As well as feed conversion ratio (FCR) particularly improved. In addition the
morphological of small intestine goblet cells number in (duodenum , jejunum, and ileum),
immunological delayed type of hypersensitivity DTH and ELISA titer against Newcastle (ND),
Gumboro (IBD) and Infectious bronchitis (IB) diseases of broiler chickens were significantly
higher (P≤0.05) at the ages 21, 35 and 42 d. While mortality and H/L ratio were significantly
lower in the treatments of ginger supplementation especially in T3 compare with the control
group without ginger addition.

Current study was conducted in 13 floating cages located in Shatt Al-Arab River
bank at Al-Hartha District. Common carp Cyprinuscarpio of different weights (290-1700
gm) and numbers (400-1047) fish/cage was cultivated in these cages. Observation was
also taken from earthen pond at the same location cultivated with common carp, silver
carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and grass carp Ctenopharyngodonidella. Results
showed that water temperature range between 30-35 0C during May-June, 2015 and a
range of 36- 38 0C during July-August, 2015 in floating cages, while in earthen pond
there were 1 0C more. Salinity don’t differ too much during experiment and range
between 1.5-3 ppt. Results of earthen pond revealed no fish mortality during experiment
for three species cultivated in this pond. Results appeared that fish mortality during May-
June don’t largely differed and its ranged between 0.709%-1.861% and there weren’t any
relationship between fish mortality and fish weight. Different fish mortality during July-
August which ranged between 3.88% for average fish weight of 400 g and total fish mass
of 412 kg and 14.75% for average fish weight of 1700 g and total fish mass of 680 kg.
Significant correlation (r=0.86) was found between average fish weight and fish
mortality.Significant correlation (r=0.72) was also found between total fish weight and
fish mortality. From previous results we concluded that there were positive relationship
between fish mortality and fish weight during July-August.

This investigation was carried out to point out structural histomorphological changes
that take place in the ovaries of female local rabbits at three different postnatal periods
of their life that were kitten, immature and mature does. To conduct such project, 24
rabbits were collected (8 for each age) from the local breeders. Rabbits were euthanized,
dissected and subsequently ovaries were collected and fixed with 10% neutral buffered
formalin then subjected to routine processing such as dehydration, clearing, embedding
and block preparation. Finally, sections of 6 μm were prepared and stained with
hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome stains. Gross findings showed two
functional bilateral elongated triangular-shaped ovaries situated in the abdominal cavity
suspended by mesovarian ligament with absence of true ovarian bursa. Microscopic
findings revealed prominent structural changes in the ovaries of immature does
compared to those of kittens and mature does indicated that immature does after the
period of weaning face great developmental growth and changes. The data showed the
presence of pre-ovulatory follicles in the mature does and no signs of ovulation because these animals are induced ovulators and that does subjected to the study were all virgin
and not allowed for mating with the males.

Taldalafil is a long acting phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor widely used in the
treatment of erectile dysfunction. The abuse of tadalafil, which is a worldwide
problem, is associated with many side effects. Sylimarin considered as a herbal drug,
its active constituents are silybin, isosilybin, silydianin and silychristin. A
controversy exist with regard to the effects of tadalafil and silymarin on gonadal
function in animal species. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of
tadalafil and/or sylimarin on gonadal function adult male rates. Twenty four male rats
are used in the study, they divided into 4 groups (n=6) and gavaged daily for 1 month
as follows; 1-control(0.5ml distilled water), 2-tadalafil (10mg tadalafil/kg ), 3-
silymarin (100 mg silymarin/ kg) and 4-tadalafil + silymarin ( 10 mg tadalafil and 100
silymarin mg/ kg). Tadalafil significantly increases serum testosterone and decreases
LH and FSH, it adversely affect the process of spermatogenesis (sperm count and
percentage of motile, dead, and abnormal sperms). While, silymarin significantly
increases serum testosterone, LH and FSH and improve spermatogenesis. Serum
testosterone remains significantly higher in tadalafil+silymarin group compared with
control group, while FSH and LH and parameters of spermatogenesis became
insignificantly different from those in control group.

A simple, accurate and rapid spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation
of mebendazole in pure, pharmaceutical formulations and camel urine. The method is based on
the reaction of mebendazole with 1-fluoro 2, 4-dinitrobenzene to produce orange-yellow colored
complex having maximum absorption at 494 nm. Beeˈs law was obeyed over the concentration
range of 20-280μg/ml,with molar absorptivity of 3.32x104 l/mol.cm. The present method is
considered to be simple because it does not need heating, hydrolysis and solvent extraction steps.
The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of mebendazole in
pure ,pharmaceutical formulations and in camel urine.

The present study designed to investigate the effects of the extracted policosanol on lipid
profile of hypercholestrolemic lactating female rats (Ratus norvigicus). Forty eight female rat
(10-12) weeks old,and weighting (200-250 gm) were used in the current study. After daily
vaginal smear for 3 sequences estrus cycles, they mated with twenty four healthy adult fertile
males weighting (280-350 gm), 24 of these females were induced to be hypercholestrolemic
during the pregnancy,and others still healthy. Sugarcane were collected from Mesan province
and policosanol was extracted from sugarcane wax. Immediately after birth the animals were
divided into 6 groups: Group 1 (n=8) (Control) : Normal rats were given only 0.5 ml/ animal of
Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) daily immediately after birth. Group 2 (n=8) hyperchol. (HC):
Hpercholestrolemic rats were given only DMSO 0.5 ml/ animal daily immediately after birth.
Group 3(n=8) (HC+SM): Hpercholestrolemic rats were given simvastatine at dose 20mg/kg
BW/ day dissolved in DMSO orally by gavages' immediately after birth. Group 4(n=8) (SM) :
Normal rats were given only simvastatine at dose 20mg/kg BW/ day dissolvxsqqs ed in
DMSO orally by gavages' immediately after birth. Group 5 (n= 8) (HC+ST. pol):
Hpercholestrolemic rats were given standard policosanol at dose 20mg/kg BW/day orally by
gavages' immediately after birth. Finally group 6(n=8)( HC+EX. pol): Hpercholestrolemic rats
were given policosanol extraction at dose 20mg/kg BW/day orally by gavages immediately
after birth. The treatment continued until weaning ( 30 days). All animals were then sacrificed and blood samples were collected for measuring of lipid parameters. Total cholesterol (TC), high
density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and
triglyceride (TG) in all groups . Results revealed a significant improvement in TC level was
recorded in (HC+SM) group and no difference was observed as compared with control group.
While level of TC in (SM), (HC+ST.pol) and (HC+EX.pol) treated groups decreased
significantly (p ≤ 0.05) compared with control group, (HC) and (HC+SM) treated groups. No
significant differences in HDL-C was observed between (HC+EX.pol) and control group. While
the level of HDL-C still significantly lower in all other treated groups compared with control
group. A significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in LDL-C level was recorded in all treated groups
compared with (HC) group. No significant differences were observed in LDL-C between (SM),
(HC+ST. pol) and (HC+EX.pol) compared with control group. While the LDL-C still
significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in (HC+SM) compared with control group. Levels of triglyceride
(TG) in (HC+SM),(HC+ST.pol) and (HC+EX.pol) treated groups recorded a significant
elevation ( p≤ 0.05) as compared with control group. While levels of TG in (SM) treated group
were significantly decreased (p≤0.05) as compared with control group. Conclusion: local sugar
cane can be used to extract the policosanol which has antihyperlipidemic effect on
hypercholestrolemic lactating female rats.

This study was done on thirty mature male rabbits of 1500 gm mean body weight,
those rabbits were randomly divided into three equal experimental groups of ten
animals each .The first group was regarded as control group and drenched 3 ml
normal saline daily for one month. The second group animals were drenched 3ml of
licorice root water extract daily for one month also. While the third group animals
were drenched 3ml of water extract of oregano daily for one month also. At the end of
the drenching period blood samples were drawn from all animals by heart puncture
and blood was analyzed for total RBC count; Hb %; pcv%; total leukocytic count and
blood indices of MCH; MCV, and MCHC were calculated in addition to doing blood
smears from each animal to estimate percentages of differential leukocytic count.
Results revealed that drenching licorice water extract had a significant increase
(p<0.05) on total RBC count; total WBC count and neutrophils also, significant
decrease in MCHC and eosinophil, whereas results of drenching water extract of
Oreganum vulgari caused significant increase on total leukocytic count , MCV and
neutrophil whil

About 50 samples were collected from November 2016 to March 2017 in city
of Basra , from healthy farm animals the samples were taken from feces and rumen
of animals at different age ( male and female) and study the antibiotics
susceptibility for five different antibiotics.
. (six) isolates (12%) of salmonella spp were identified by using selective media (
xylose medium and macConky agar), The identification of this bacteria was achieved
by using morphological and biochemical characterization (Api20 E system). The total
isolation was four samples (20%) from healthy goats, (10%) from sheep and (10%)
from cows.All isolates are resistant for ampicillines and Bacitracin ,penicillines but of
sensitivity to other antibiotics.

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of CoQ10 and DHEA and their
combination on norfloxacin induced embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in pregnant female rats
and their fetuses. Twenty pregnant rats were divided equally into 5 groups, 4 animals each group
as following: Control group (G1): 4 normal pregnant female received orally DMSO
0.5ml/animal/day from 5th - 19th day of gestation, first treated group (T1): 4 normal pregnant
female received orally 400 mg/kg norfloxacin once daily, second treated group (T2): 4 normal
pregnant female received orally 400 mg/kg norfloxacin once daily and after 1hours injected daily
with CoQ10 200 mg/kg IP, third treated group (T3): 4 normal pregnant female received orally
400 mg/kg norfloxacin once daily and after 1hours injected daily with DHEA 25 mg/kg IP, and
fourth treated group (T4): 4 normal pregnant female received orally 400 mg/kg norfloxacin once
daily and after 1hours injected daily with a combination of CoQ10 200 mg/kg and DHEA 25
mg/kg IP for the same period. Norfloxacin was administered by oral gavages as a single dose.
All dams were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation and their fetuses were collected and subjected to
morphological and skeletal examinations. The obtained results showed that exposure to
norfloxacin in pregnant female rats during gestational period from 5th -19th day demonstrated a
significant increased (P≤ 0.05) in resorbed and stillbirth fetuses (dead fetuses at birth), and a significant decrease in fetal body weight, fetal body length, fetal tail length, maternal weight gain
and placental weight; and also caused skeletal malformation in all cranial bone compared to
control group. It has been concluded that CoQ10 and DHEA prevented and treated
morphological and skeletal anomalies in rat fetuses. Therefore, CoQ10 and DHEA are potential
therapeutic antioxidant agents against fetotoxicity and teratogenicity induced by oxidative stress
generated by norfloxacin intoxication.

The study was performed to the study synergistic effect of Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
(EDTA) and Imipenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from cheese at Hilla
province. Cheese samples 70 were collected randomly from (Retail, supermarkets and dairy
shops) in Hilla and were transported to the laboratory.
The result revealed (45%) Pseudomonas aeruginous detecte were collected from cheese.
These isolates were tested for disk diffusion method for susceptibility of imipenem. Eight
isolates were resistant , and (84.3%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain were sensitive (84.3%)
to EDTA alone.
Also, the result showed of Synergistic EDTA- IMP disc diffusion against (8) isolate of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed (87.5%) isolates were sensitive. However; the The result
showed significant (P < 0.05) of susceptibility to (8) P. aeruginosa isolates to imipenem with and
without EDTA. In conclusion, according to the present study can use oxidant agent inhibition of
growth bacteria specific P. aeruginosa such as ethylene diamene tetra acidic acid (EDTA) and
can used in preserving food specific sold cheese.

The study was performed on twelve white rats of approximately of the same
body weight ( 200-220 gms). It divided equally into four groups.The 1st group
was injected with (10mg/kg B.W) arsenic chloride intraperitoneally, 2nd group
was injected with (10mg/kg B.W) arsenic chloride intraperitoneally and (3
mg/ml) myrtle extractL. 3rd group was normal control, rats treated orally with(3
mg/ml) myrtle extract only .4th group was injected with (0.2ml) distal water as a
control group.At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed,and
small specimens(2cm³) were taken from brain to histopathology preparation.
The microscopic examination of histopathological sections of the brain of the1st
group was showed severe pathological changes characterizedby an area of
degeneration,vacuolation of microglia and pyknosis of neuron also there are
edema and hemorrhage. On the other hand, the 2ndgroup showed less
pathological changes compared by 1st group which characterized by less
gliosis, less vaculation of microglia with few number of astrocyte.The neuron
showed normal.while, the 3rd and 4th groups showed normal neurons,
microglial, and astrocyte

A simple, accurate, and rapid visible spectrophotometric method has been
developed for the determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in pure, pharmaceutical
preparations and environmental water samples. The method is based on the oxidation
of tetracycline hydrochloride by sodium hypochlorite in alkaline medium to form a
red colored product with an absorption maximum at 400 nm. Beer’s Law was obeyed
in the range of 2-24 μg/ml with molar absorptivity of 1.346×104 L.mol.-1.cm-1. The
relative standard deviation of the method was less than 2% and accuracy (average
recovery ) was 100 ± 0.85 % .The optimum conditions for all color development are
described and the proposed method has been successfully applied for the
determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations, chicken
meat and waste water samples.

Concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Iron,
Copper and Manganese) in five canned fish samples found in the local market Basrah
city, Iraq were determined after digestion according to the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists methods. Concentrations of metals were measured using the
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the range
obtained for the elements analyzed in mg/kg (dry weight) were as follows, Cd (0.0027
- 0.0078), Pb (0.0048 - 0.0093), Zn (0.0103 - 0.0205), Ni (0.0122 - 0.0128), Fe
(0.0149 - 0.0237), Cu (0.0008 - 0.0034) and Mn (0.0014 - 0.0037). The results
indicated that canned fish samples in this study have concentrations well below the
permissible FAO/WHO levels for these toxic metals.

The objective of this study is to estimate the metabolic activity and survival of
bioluminescence Escherichia coli O157:H7 (a chromosomally lux-marked strain) during
production and storage of yogurt.The effect of temperature on activity and survival of E.
coli O157:H7 during the production of yogurt were studied by incubating inoculated milk
at 43°C, 40 °C and 37 °C. The results showed that E. coli O157:H7 activity and cell
counts increased immediately in all yogurt samples at the beginning stagesof
fermentation then they declined to nearly of the initial levels at the end of fermentation.
During storage yogurt at three different initial levels of pH (4.6, 4.3 and 4.0), significant
differences (p<0.001) were found in cell activity and viable cellcount of Escherichia coli
O157:H7, indicating that low pH provided ideal conditions to inhibit the activity of
pathogens. The cell activity and survival of E. coli O157:H7 were significantly different
during storage at three different temperatures (4 °C, 12 °C and 25 °C). At 25 °C, E. coli
O157:H7 activity and cell counts were significantly lower (P<0.001) compared with
other storage temperatures. Bioluminescence (metabolic activity) helps to track E.coli
O157:H7 growth and survival during manufacture and storage of yogurt and interact with
their acidic environments as a rapid assay method. Therefore, it can provide notice on the
way of eliminating E.coli O157:H7 in the dairy products to avoid these pathogens