Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

The the research aims to design the experimental approach using (HIT) exercises as it is one of the most important modern exercises that has an effective role in developing Bio-kinematic, skill and planning capabilities, and this method is consistent with the modern method of playing handball, as it requires coaches in preparing special exercises as handball game is characterized by high capabilities, either by defensive or offensive performance for the purpose of making players in the best state of specifications that makes them distinguished from their peers in the tournaments in which they participate. The research also aims to identify the effect of training (H.I.T) on the development of some dynamic mobility and defense capabilities against the flash attack of the Specialized School Handball Players at the age of (15-17). The researcher hypothesized that training (H.I.T) has a significant effect on the development of some bio-mobility capabilities and defense against a lightning attack among players of the Specialized Handball School in at the age of (15-17). As for the research community and its sample, it was determined by the players of the Specialized Handball Center at the age of (15 -17) years, whose number is (29), divided in a simple random manner into two groups (control and experimental) equally by (9) players in one group.

The research aims to identify the preference of methods of thinking and their differences between students (College of Physical Education and Sports Science - Diyala University) for the four stages of the academic season (2018-2019), and due to the nature of the topic, the researchers felt that it depends on the descriptive approach in the comparison method. The research sample consisted of female students of the four stages of the college Physical education and sports science for the academic year (2018-2019), and the total number is (92) students for the four stage. The the researcher used the statistical program (SPSS) to extract the results, namely: the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the value of differences (Anova), less Moral difference (LSD).The researcher concluded that the first stage is characterized by the legislative style, while the second stage is distinguished by the minority method, while the third stage is distinguished by the executive method, and the fourth stage is distinguished by the conservative style, and the university academic stages affect the different thinking styles of female students of the College of Physical Education and Science Sports. Furthermore, there are some methods that are shared by the four stages of students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science and differ in some of them. The researcher recommended the need to plan and build modern curricula that stimulates and encourages thinking, and fits the developments of our life , and also includes training courses, workshops and meetings implemented in classy and non-classy integrated situations that enrich thinking in its various forms as well as preparing training programs for faculty members on thinking methods and how to develop them among university students, and taking the preferred thinking methods of students according to academic levels.

The research aims to identify the relationship between remembering of the performance accuracy of the two front-facing skills (tennis) and passing from the front head forward among the country players of the first degree (the northern region) in volleyball.
The researcher used the descriptive approach due to its relevance to the nature of the research problem The research community consisted of country players of the first degree (northern region) in
volleyball for the sports season (2012-2013).
and the total number is (9) clubs. The research community was chosen intentionally. The sample consisted of (9) clubs, namely (New Sulaf, Qara Qosh, Al-Shorja, Ararat, Sinjar, Akkad, Nishtman, Hirsch, Halabja), and by (112) players distributed to these clubs. Four (4) players were excluded as a result of their exposure For injury and (6) players for their participation in the pilot study. The final number of the research sample reached (102) players, representing 91.071% of the original research community. For the purpose of achieving homogeneity among the members of the research sample. The following variables were set: time, length, and mass. The researcher used questionnaire forms, measurements and tests, sources and references) as tools to achieve the research objective .
The data were statistically processed using the SPSS statistical program.

The two researchers discussed the introduction and significance of the research as well as the research problem that is identified by the lack of previous research and studies that address the importance of revealing the personal characteristics of students during the preparatory study period in addition to identifying the reality of the optimism and pessimism characteristic of preparatory school students in governmental and private schools in Nineveh Governorate . The research aims to: . 1- Identify the level of sports optimism for preparatory school students in public schools.
2- Identify the level of sports optimism among preparatory school students in private schools.
. 3- Compare the level of optimism among public and private school students
The researchers used the descriptive method in the method of comparative studies, due to its suitability for nature of research problem. As for the research sample, it consisted of (500) students, which included (250) students from public schools and (250) students from private schools students, from the research community who were chosen by random Simple method. The research sample was limited to preparatory school students
The researchers concluded the effectiveness of the sports optimism scale that the researchers used, and public school students are characterized by a high level in the sports optimism feature, while private school students are characterized by an average level in the sports optimism feature. Moreover, there are significant differences in the level of sports optimism between students of public schools and private schools, and for the benefit of governmental schools. The researchers recommended conducting a study to identify the relationship of sports optimism with other variables for preparatory school students, and to develop instructional programs for preparatory school students to develop the sports optimism feature.

The rapid changes and developments in the world are the result of continuous scientific progress in the field of scientific research, which has made performance levels in motor skills a means of measuring physical, mental and motor growth in various events and sports.
The game of basketball has witnessed a great and rapid development in recent years and in all aspects related to it, which led to changing the character of play and its accuracy and speed in performance, and this is why the efforts of those involved in the game have been devoted to laying scientific foundations and rules in preparing the rulers physically and mentally and creating the necessary requirements to get these Referees to the best levels. There are many methods for evaluating the performance of referees, which all aim to develop the level of performance to achieve the best levels in this game. There are basic elements for this game, including the referees who constitute the main element to produce the match as required. Each match is managed by three referees who have absolute authority to implement the the law items in cooperation with the referees of the table and they are four. The research aims to:
. Identif the nature of the relationship between focus attention and the level of referees' performance

The research aims to identify the effect of the field to develop motor compatibility and control skill among football Cubs . The researchers used the experimental approach to design the two equal groups (Control and experimental) of the research sample of (20) players for the season 2018-2019. The researchers prepared an educational field and the researchers used the appropriate tools and devices for the research. The researchers conducted the pilot study to ensure the safety of the devices and tools, and the researchers conducted the pre tests as well as carrying out special exercises for motor compatibility and football control skill through the field previously prepared for a period of (8) weeks at the rate of (3) units per week. Then the researchers conducted posttests and statistically processing data and then presented and analyzed them. The researchers concluded the effectiveness of the educational field for motor compatibility. The researchers recommended to use the educational field during educational units for players to develop other football skills.

The research aims to:
. Identify the patterns of daily vital rhythm among junior learners.1
2.Identify the effect of the educational curricula according to the patterns of daily vital rhythm (morning, evening, and contrasting) on developing some physical and motor abilities among the junior players in volleyball at the Peshmerga Al-Sulaymaniyah Club School.
3. Identify Differences in posttests between the four research groups on developing some physical and motor abilities in volleyball among junior players at the Peshmerga Al-Sulaymaniyah Club School.
The researchers used the experimental approach to its relevance to the nature and objectives of the research. The research community consisted of junior players in the Peshmerga Sports Club School in volleyball in the Governorate of Sulaymaniyah for the year 2016-2017 whose number (47) junior players at the ages of (12-14) years and a sample was chosen according to measures or would be sought to extract patterns of daily vital rhythm (morning, evening, and contrast),a total of (23) items.

The research aimed to build an expert computer program design that seeks to teach the skills of overhead and shoulder (long) handling in basketball. The sample was chosen in an intentional manner, a total of (19) students from coolege of physical education and sports sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University, the first stage.The experimental method was used for the two groups, and the researchers used the expert systems program to explain the skill with a video presentation of the skill, and based on that , the study started an experimental field which aimed to identify the effectiveness of expert systems in learning the skills of overhead and long passing. The research problem concentrated on a weakness in the use of modern techniques in the basketball game which help the instructor teach the skill faster, more accurately and interestingly and consolidate the skill in the learner’s mind for a long time. The researchers hypothesided that there were statistically significant differences between the pre and post testers of the experimental and control groups. Upon discussing the results, the researchers concluded that the system used has a positive impact and provides an appropriate and adaptive environment for students and meets their needs in the field of teaching some basketball skills. The researchers recommended that this program be generalized to all sports in general.

The research aims to
1.Identify the level of psychological and emotional compatibility among students of the third stage, College of Physical Education and Sports Science.
2. Identify the relationship between pscyholgocal and emotional compatibility and the accuracy of performing some basic skills in volleyball.
The research methodology used by the two researchers is the descriptive approach for its suitability of the research problem and objectives . The research sample included (22) students from the third stage students - College of Physical Education and Sports Science - University of Baghdad for the academic year 2017-2018, and was chosen randomly. The researchers concluded that:
. The sample level in the three basic skills is average.1
. 2.The level of persoanl, pschlogcial and emotional sports compatibility was good for the research sample.
3.Any improvement in the level of perosnal ,pschlogical and emotional sports compatibility leads to the development of the skill level or vice versa. The researchers recommended
1.Paying attention to the psychological aspect of educational units and finding the means to develop these characteristics.
2.Working to develop the level of educational programs in different ways and methods in order to obtain a better evaluation than that.

A series of movements known as (Healy) is one of the difficult movements on the parallel device, and one of the basic requirements for the parallel device. So the researchers found the importance of focusing on these movements for emerging players, as it is the primary key to the rest of the movements and skills. Through the researchers' observation of the technical performance of the series of movements (Healy) for the national team players in the youth club, they found there was a difficulty in their performance. After an in-depth study and continuous observations of the performance of the national team players, the researchers found that there is a lack of compatibility in some of the vertical bio kinematic variables that contribute significantly to mastering this kinetic chain. The research community included the 10 national football team players in gymnastics , and the research sample was randomly selected ,total of 8-player s. The researchers used the descriptive analytical method (survey) for its suitability for the research nature .
The gymnastics training center in the Al-Iskan area of Baghdad Governorate has been chosen as a place for tests, imaging and analysis. The research aims to:
1. Identify the values of some vertical bio kinematic variables that influence the technical performance of Healy skill.
2. Identify the relationship between some vertical bio kinematic variables and the technical performance level of Healy skill.

The researchers discussed the distinguished scientific and technological progress in all areas of life, and the research problem was the following questions: What is the level of physical education teachers in teaching competencies, what is the level of physical education teachers in communication skills, are there differences between physical education teachers and teachers in teaching competencies and communication skills?
The researchers used the descriptive method in the method of survey studies. As for the research sample, it was determined by physical education teachers in the Babylon Education Directorate, and two measures of communication skills and teaching competencies were codified. The most important conclusions were the absence of significant differences between male and female teachers in communication skills and teaching competencies. The researches recommended it is important for teachers to have an interest in communication, methods, and teaching competencies so that teachers can better communicate ideas, skills, and experiences to students.

Through the application of basic rules, modern information and educational methods appropriate for this category, while not neglecting the development of the necessary consensual capabilities necessary to serve the football player. In order for the player to obtain high consensual movements and high-level skills, early learning must develop these capabilities, as many experts agree that consensual abilities are considered a basic basis for many of the motor skills, especially those more complex movements. The research problem focused on developing harmonic capabilities in football, which causes waste of time and effort and consequently not achieving the required results. One of the research objectives is to identify the impact of the learning method by playing directly on developing some consensual capabilities of football cubs.
Young players at the age of (13-14) years in the specialized schools to care for football talents in Babil Governorate, and this is what actually happened when applying exercises prepared by the researchers for the experimental group, where at the beginning of the experiment, there was a weakness in the motor performance and lack of flow of the experimental group and through repeating these educational units at the rate of (3) units per week and for a period of (8) weeks from applying the educational curriculum. The researchers note that there has been an development in these harmonic capabilities.

Fencing is one of the swift sports that a swordsman needs to enjoy fast performance, especially in progress and return movements, which is one of the important basic skills for early movement towards the competitor or escaping from his attacks, and the success of the swordsman depends on the speed of his movement towards his opponent, but there is no way to measure Kinetic speed of the lower limbs by fencing. Therefore, the researchers sought to design a test that measures this ability to ensure its scientific evaluation, and then develop standard scores for this test for players of the fencing school, to help them objectively evaluate and move away from subjective assessments when evaluating and developing measurement tools in the field of fencing. The descriptive approach was based on a sample of the fencing specialized school athletes at the age of 12-18 years. After the pilot study was conducted and the test was validated and the scientific specifications were available to it, it was applied to the sample taking into account all legal procedures during the implementation of the final test and then the results were collected and emptied and statistically processed, and the researchers concluded:
. The test that was designed proved valid to measure the kinetic speed of the lower limbs by fencing. 1
2 . The research sample achieved a higher percentage in a very good level and a good level respectively.
So the researchers recommend using a test designed to measure the kinetic speed of the lower limbs by fencing.

The lack of an actual test that measures the visual vision and attacking performance of handball game, which is similar to what happens during the conditions of the game in order to play high-level handball, by obtaining digital values about the handball skill according to the visual vision in terms of accuracy and visual tracking, through Designing two tests that combine accurate shooting and visual vision skills, to be an objective guide that can be relied upon in the future by our training staff.
So the objectives of the research were to design and codify two shooting tests according to accuracy, mobile visual tracking, and to set grades and standard levels for handball among advanced players.
As for the research method, the researchers used the descriptive method in the method of surveying and correlative studies, and the community and sample of the research were identified, and they are from the premier handball clubs in Iraq represented by clubs (Najaf, Diyala, Kut, Aljaish(Army), Sulaimaniyah, Al-Musayyib, Al-Fatwa, (Albaldiyaa(Municipality), Al-Karkh), a total of (135) advanced players by (15) players for each club. As for the most important conclusions of the two tests that have been designed designed that they have the ability to evaluate in the field using direct measuring methods, and the sample members varied in obtaining different degrees, levels and percentages through the application of the two designed tests, the largest percentage was concentrated at the two levels (medium and good).
The reseachers recommended to use the two tests that were built, designed and codified in assessing the levels of players by coaches and specialists in the field of handball sports training.

The research aimed to identify the positive and competitive self with the research sample and the quintuple skills and to identify the effect of the program prepared using two methods on the two groups. The researcher used the experimental approach with two equal groups the most appropriate method for the nature of the problem. The questionnaire was distributed to the first stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science / Muthanna University.
It itruns out that ( 18) students have the total of scale under the hypothetical mean , as (2 students did not involve in the main experiment as they particpated in the pilot study , as the total became 16 students. The researcher divided (16) students into two groups, each group has 8 numbers as the researcher applied them to the guiding educational program, each group according to the method . After conducting the pre tests, the researcher prepared a guiding educational program in two styles, the first is the open discussion and the lastter is a guiding educational is consensus in opinion. The educational unit was 45 minutes itself for the two groups, whereas the guiding units for one session are between (40-45) minutes for each method to be the total number of units ( 10) guiding educational unit. The educational units included handling from the corner mark included four units of receiving and handling, two educational units and four units of rolling and handling on multiple criteria. As for the guiding units (opening, self-confidence, motivation of achievement, success, love of others, emotional awareness, confidence in others, self-control Honest, Final Competition) After completing the curriculum, the researcher conducted the sample posttests, the data categorized, and presented. The researcher concluded that the educational curriculum has a moral effect on teaching the skills under study, and the guidng program has a moral effect on the positive self-measure of each method. The consensus method of opinion has better results than the first method and its effect on learning better skills for the second group, as well as the positive self-measurement result.

Throughout the researchers ’observation and follow-up of previous studies, it was noted that there were a few studies that worked on learning and thinking patterns in general, but in the field of football, the researchers did not reach such a study in this field, which led them to go into this study and learn about the relationship between patterns Learning, thinking, and performing rolling skill of football , does knowledge of these relationships have a role and importance in the educational process?
The research aims to:
. Identify the learning and thinking patterns of the individuals in the research sample.1
2.Identify the relationship between learning and thinking patterns and performing the rolling skill of football among the research sample participants.
3.Identify the differences in the results of the rolling skill test between the two research groups according to the variable of learning and thinking patterns used.
The researchers used the descriptive approach and correlative relations for their suitability for the research requirements, and the research community was represented by the first school year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at the University Alqalam College Kirkuk for morning and evening studies for the academic year (2018-2019) and the total (163) male and female students. The research sample has been chosen randomly by drawing lots. The choice fell on the morning study students, whose number (78) students, and after applying the Torrance scale for learning and thinking patterns on the research sample, (4) students were excluded due to absence and (5) students as a sample for pilot study , thus the research sample reached (69) Students distributed according to the scale of learning and thinking patterns on the two types of individuals who use the right patter, total of (28) students, and those who used the left type were 41 students, thus representing (42.33%) of the total community.

Childhood is one of the most sensitive stages of life and its exposure to stigma and deflection , which are often acquired due to unprogrammed weights and wrong habits that the pupils takes to perform the requirements of daily life. It is noted by the researchers and their knowledge of the research and studies that dealt with these stigma deformities for this age group, noting that most researchers in this field are relying on the devices to discover traditional stigma deformities with a pre-repeated and frequent use of the type of deformation, and is determined based on their own experience that may result in measurements ,which are not accurate , away from the practical experience and the scientific and technological progress that is used in defining the areas of stigma deformity and its degree with minimal time, effort and material cost, which has become in our present time an advanced scientific postulate in the discovery and rehabilitation of stigma defects. The research aims to: . 1.Design a system to diagnose and qualify the orthotic deformity of the lateral deflection f the neck among students aged (11-12) years 2. Identify the effect of the system of diagnosing and qualifying orthotic deformity of the lateral deflection of the neck among the participants of the research sample.

The research deals with the treatment of alternative perceptions of sports concepts through learning with a strategy based on constructive learning which is the strategy of generative learning in teaching sports concepts. The research aims to : 1.Prepare an educational curriculum based on the use of the generative learning strategy that is appropriate to the capabilities of the research sample. . 2. Idnetify the effect of the educational program on learning and cognitive achievement of some handball skills
The experimental method was used, and the research sample was chosen from the fourth stage students, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University.
The results revealed that the effectiveness of generative education has a positive effect on learning to perform and the cognitive achievement of some skills of handball. The resercher recommended that teachers should be urged and supported to use these modern strategies in the education process.

These camps are one of the competitive aspects through the results that the team can obtain in a manner consistent with the nature of the participating activities, but the most important role remains the amount of renewal in the type of skills that the individual contributes to the process of real scientific acquisition of scientific knowledge possessed, as well as the renewal of the type of skills in scout camps gives a more effective aspect among individuals by increasing the spirit of competition among them, and tests play a prominent role in such competitions because it is one of the sciences that is concerned with innovation through design that can contribute to creating a spirit for scientific competition and increase scientific knowledge. Moreover, the science of tests has a variety of benefits, one of which is evaluation, so the process of renewing the tests allows individuals to gain suspense in performance and diagnose individuals according to their real level.

The research aims to identify the relationship between attention focus and short and medium handling in football.The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method to address a research problem. The research was conducted on a sample represented by junior players in Sulaimaniya Football Club for the football season 2018/2019 ,a total of (14) players. The researcher used the (Bardoun-Anfimov) test of modified attention by (Abdel-Jawad Taha 1972 to measure the attention focus), as well as the bounce handling test to measure the accuracy of short handling and the ball pass test for a distance of 20 m to measure the accuracy of medium passes in football.
After conducting a presentation and discussion of the results, the researcher concluded that there is a significant correlation between the attention focus and short handling skills tests, while there is no correlation between the attention focus and medium handling in football.

The research aimed to identify the contribution rates of some mechanical variables at the moment of hitting the ball in the skill level of the backhand shot with both hands among tennis players. The researchers hypothesized the existence of contribution rates for some mechanical variables in the level of skill performance of the backhand shot with both hands among tennis players. The research sample consisted of (8) tennis advanced Players from ten in Nineveh Governorate. The researchers concluded that there were significant contribution rates for the two variables (right knee angle, height of the center of gravity) at the moment of hitting the ball in the skill level of the backhand shot with both hands. The researchers recommended tennis coaches emphasize on adopting mechanical variables that showed moral contribution for its role in developing the skill of backhand shot with both hands, with more attention to mechanical variables that were produced by the study.

The research aims to identify the level of cognitive achievement of students of some universities in the Kurdistan Region in volleyball.
The research sample was chosen and represented by students of some universities of the Kurdistan Region in volleyball, who are (36) students and distributed on (3) universities by (12) students for each team and they are universities (Koya, Sulaimaniyah, Dohuk), and thus the percentage of the sample that applied to the questionnaire ( 100%) of the original community.
The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method. After obtaining the results, they were discussed in a scientific method supported by the sources to achieve the research objective. In light of the research results, the researcher concluded the following
. 1.The students had an acceptable level of knowledge and their correct response rate for thecognitive test was acceptable.
2.Questions of the axis of the plans obtained the highest percentage of correct answers, which indicates that the students had good knowledge of the questions of that axis compared to the other axes.
3.The cognitive outcome of students in two axes (law, basic skills) is medium, due to the presence of these two axes from among the syllubus lessons of volleyball in college curricula.
4.The percentage of cognitive outcome in the axes (physical preparation, volleyball for children, match management, date) is very weak, which indicates students' lack of interest in reading , and not allocating time to review the laws, training and management of the game in volleyball.

1. Identify the effect of the inverse method on the art of performance for the stages of rising and steadfastness in snatch among female college students
2.Identify the effect of the method used on the art of performance for the stages of rising and steadfastness in snatch among female college students .
3.Compare the effect between the inverse and the followed methods on the art of the performance for the stages of rising and steadfastness in snatch among female college students.
The researchers used the experimental approach by designing two groups( experiment and control), due to its suitability for the nature of the research problem . The research sample included (18) students of the first academic year of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science University of Sulaymaniyah for the academic year 2017-2018. The researchers used a number of tools and devices and means to collect data and scientific observation to evaluate (the art of performance) and conduct the pilot study of the method and scientific observation and the application of two identifying units. The pre-test (the art of performance) was conducted for the two stages and the application of the curriculum and then the post-test .The researchers used a system (SPSS) to process the data. The researchers concluded that: 1.The use of the educational curriculum in the inverse method demonstrated a positive effect on the art of performance for the stages of rising and steadfastness in snatch among female college students .
2.The traditional method has a significant effect on the art of performing art for the stages of rising and steadfastness in snatch among female college students .
3.The effect of using the educational curriculum in the inverse method outweighed the use of the method used in the art of performance for the stages of rising and steadfastness in snatch among female college students of the research sample.

The research studied the effects of aerobic and anaerobic efforts on the occurrence of bronchial asthma among (8) students of the fourth stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science - University of Mosul and their average age, weights, and lengths were (24 ± 1.51) years and (70 ± 5.60) kg ,and (176 ± 0.08) cm, respectively, were chosen in an intentional way. The research procedures included an airway test of running (1500) meters and an anaerobic phosphene voltage (100) meters in two separate days. Both tests included pre- and post-measurement of the first-second forced expiratory volume variable (FEV1). Tests and measurements were carried out at a range of ambient temperatures between (20-22) degrees Celsius. The researcher concluded that both aerobic efforts of running (1500) meters and anaerobic effort of running (100) meters did not have any effect on the occurrence of original bronchial- asthma.

Handball is a team sport that is characterized by the diversity of its movement according to the requirements of its various basic defensive and offensive skills. It depends on the individual's physical, skill, planning and psychological capabilities to achieve the best results. There are various training methods that work to develop and improve physical and skill capabilities as well as it is an interesting and exciting nature for practitioners that helps to develop incentives for them and to train the special physical capabilities of handball players , it is possbile use ballistic exercises.
The research aims to : Prepare ballistic exercises in developing some physical and skill capabilities of handball players. 1
. 2.Identify the effect of ballistic training on developing some physical and skill capabilities of handballplayers.
3.Identify the significance of the statistical differences between the results of the two research groups in the posttests of some physical and skill capabilities of handball players. As for the research method, the researcher used the experimental approach (designed for the two equivalence groups with pre and post tests), then the research sample was deliberately chosen from the Sulaymaniyah club players of handball for the category of advanced whose number (20) players and (4) players were excluded, and the sample became (16) players divided into two groups (control and experimental), and they represented (80%) of the original community. The pre tests were applied to them, then the curriculum prepared by the researcher for two months by (3) times per week, and the total of units was (24) units and then post-tests .