AL-ADAB JOURNAL

Cognitive metaphor, known as a set of mappings from the source domain to the target one, is to a large extent the basis of our understanding of the world. Therefore, it always occurs in our daily life and is used in various issues such as society, politics, law, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, etc. Considering the high capacity that this type of metaphor has in generating ideas, hypotheses, and theories, as well as persuading the audience and shaping behavior, it has been used as an efficient tool in Islamic holy texts; because these texts have conceptualized divine teachings and abstract concepts creatively and uniquely with the aim of teaching humans the correct way of life; understanding, analyzing and also transferring these teachings and concepts is possible with the help of conceptual metaphor.
According to what has been said, it is necessary to use the cognitive approach in analyzing the discourse of Islamic holy texts; For this reason, the present study uses cognitive metaphor to analyze the metaphor: "THE WORLD IS AN INFERIOR ODIOUS OBJECT" in order to specify the nature of the mentioned metaphor and explain how we understand it, and the role of this metaphor in creating transformation in human thought and behavior.
The most important achievement of this research is that if the various conceptual metaphors in the world domain, which are the product of the scholarly and artistic conceptualization of Imam Ali (PBUH), enter the conceptual system of humans, it can change their vision and consequently their perceptions and actions, and in fact, lead to a fundamental cultural revolution.

This research deals with approaching the texts of the poet Ahmed Matar, and reading them from a narrative angle, using the elements of the very short story to reach the desired goal, due to the great similarity between these creative texts and the very short story as it includes the most important elements of the very short story, starting from the narrative. Passing through condensation, unity, and ending with paradox, in addition to the secondary elements of humanization of animals, astonishment, and the frequent use of phrasal verbs. It contains the most important elements of the artistic story, such as narration, description, characters, events, time, place, dialogue, and a narrative perspective. The narrative is one of the most important dominant elements of Ahmed Matar's texts, similar to the very short story in terms of its narrative structures are disturbed, and the narrative is defined in four overlapping elements (event, personality, time and place. The nature of Matar's poems imposes brevity and condensation on him, due to the limited space in front of him, as he is doomed to communicate his idea through words or lines, so condensation includes events, narration, description, subject, idea, and environment, so he dissolves the various elements and components into each one or a single focus that shines like lightning. Most of his texts are based on narrative condensation and brevity in detailing the narrative plot, focusing on a brief introductory, and presenting the knot in a focused manner by preserving the unity that is an important element on which the very short story is based. The fatality of the story, especially if it is marred by a kind of contradiction, provided that this unity does not lead to ambiguity and weakness in the delivery, but is based on the language of evasion, and bringing what the reader does not expect through the paradox that surprises and surprises him through contradiction.

It is challenging to help EFL students learn and use synonyms in Iraq. This study investigates the challenges faced by Iraqi learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in understanding and using synonyms. By employing Langacker's cognitive linguistic theory of domains, the research aims to enhance Iraqi EFL learners' synonym knowledge and vocabulary acquisition. The study utilizes a descriptive analysis technique, with a pre-test and post-test design, involving fifty first-year students at the University of Baghdad's College of Languages, Department of English. The findings reveal that the domain theory significantly improved students' comprehension and application of English word semantics. Prior to the intervention, students had limited knowledge of the domain approach and struggled with recognizing and producing lexical features. After five weeks of treatment, students demonstrated increased abilities to define different types of domains and their properties, as well as understanding the literal and conceptual meanings of words. The study concludes that implementing the theory of domains can effectively enhance vocabulary acquisition among Iraqi EFL students and emphasizes the importance of teaching synonyms with a focus on sense relations.

When addressing objectively the dialectic of the sacred and profaned in Nizar Qabbani's poetry, it becomes clear that the poet's tendency is to have a dialectic of the sacred and the profaned in a different way to the concept of these two terms compared to the rest of the poets and the change in the concept of beauty and aesthetic between the poet Nizar Qabbani and the rest of other poets who have tried to imitate him. It is a crude tradition that does not reach the spirit of Nizar the poet, who is soaring in the gardens of Arabic poetry, which makes him a prominent icon referred to in stigmatization because of the depth of his experience and his breaking of the familiar that other poets are not accustomed to in terms of dealing with the relationship between men and women as they are the secret of life and its continuity. Nizar Qabbani has entered the world of women, a fantasy or a lived reality, while the other poets are mere followers of him in his poetic approach and behavior, and this is what makes him a poetic phenomenon referred to as illusion.

The main thrust of the present study was to improve English as foreign language in the Iraqi academic context. To this end, 30 ENGLISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE learners were selected as the participants of the study. All participants took the pretest followed by 25 ninety-minute sessions in which the learners presented their lectures (totally 9 lectures) followed by the challenging questions that they had to answer and the correction feedback in terms of vocabulary, structure, collocation, etc. Moreover, every three lectures followed by taking a progressive test, the posttest and the delayed posttest. Having followed the repeated measure ANOVA, the researcher put the data into SPSS 22 and analyzed it in terms of both descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that teaching Reading through the tenets of sociocultural theory is influential and equally effective for all participants irrespective to their level or age. The results of the study indicated that presenting lecture improves the learners’ Reading development, consciousness-raring regarding learning processes and learning linguistic items, collaboration, autonomy and motivation. It was also pointed out that learning is not a straightforward transmission of knowledge provided by the teacher but a transformative and complex process for which learner’s agency, engagement and their co-construction of knowledge are crucial.

The research paper aims to examine the term “metonymy” as used by Abd al-Qaher al-Jurjani in his book "Dalail al-I'jaz", to identify its role in the rooting of this science and the relationship between metonymy as an art and its meaning. It is organized into three sections, an introduction section and a conclusions section. The introduction consists of Abdel-Qaher's definition of metonymy, with an evaluation of his definition. The research then focuses on interpreting the poetic evidence in Abd al-Qaher al-Jurjani’s use of metonymy, followed by a discussion. Moreover, the author then focuses on other scholars’ treatment of metonymy. Finally, the conclusions section summarizes the most important findings.

The shift in the critical perspective splits an episteme in two. A line of demarcation identical to the paradigm shift separates the new epistemes in a way that the critical insight should differ drastically on both sides of the line. Michel Foucault sorts these historical epistemes as Renaissance and Classical epistemes, then he included the Modern episteme as a latter historical era, and the line of distinction between one episteme and another is the critical insight that the involved mentality adopts. When it comes to the source of the influence of human behavior, the change in perspective in the consideration of the source of the influence is clarified in the comparison between the pre-Freudian versus the post-Freudian understandings of human beings. It means that with the consideration of two major depressions, the pre-Freudian thought believed that the driving forces of human beings are external. Whereas the post-Freudian understanding reconsidered the influence on human behavior as ramifications of the sub-consciousness that eventually affect the consciousness of human beings.
This paper examines Philip Ridley’s Mercury Fur (2005) in terms of the Russian Formalist’s defamiliarization aspects. The deployment of such techniques implicates the advancement of the dystopian irregularities on the stage over the regularly implied didactic methodologies. The use of the Foucauldian epistemes distinguishes the deployed defamiliarizing aspects as identified with a difference from the de Sassurean sign analogy. The paper concludes with the defamiliarized elements as the focal points of the plays that adopt Thanatos as their methodology.

This research is concerned with the singular indication of man, the origin of his creation, upbringing, and the names associated with him. The creation of man is considered a miracle, like the miracle of the creation of the heavens and the earth; what is in them and what is between them. God Almighty did not create him as an abstract mind only, nor a luminous spirit, nor a soul, nor a body on his own, but rather he created him as a body, spirit, soul, and mind. So he defined for him the frameworks of thinking and conscience, and showed him the limits of his body and the controls of his mind and soul, so he proceeded with all this to think, eat, love and hate, and distinguish the bad from the good, and made him aware of the secrets of the body and the power in it that moves it or stops it if he wants to.
Hence the discourse of the Holy Qur’an about the mind that thinks, and about the soul to reveal its impulses and whims, so it guides it to the right path, and warns it not to slip into the quagmire of its misleading whims, about the members of the body; to control the power that God Almighty entrusted him with.
The Holy Qur’an has detailed how man was created and the stages that this great creation went through. To be the focus of other beings that God Almighty has subjected to him, and the Holy Qur’an mentioned it in many terms, some of which are specific, and some are general, benefiting the individual at times and benefiting the entire human society, male and female at other times, The meanings of these terms were distributed to include man in his physical, sensual and non-sensual condition.

This study aims to deeply examine the character of serial killers in Thomas Harris’ novels and focuses on his novel Red Dragon. The Study searches in these complex and deep characters through the use of Erich Fromm's concepts about the destructive nature of the human psyche and what are the factors affecting serial killers in all social psychological, and biological aspects. This study Concluded: Thomas Harris portrayed the characters of serial killers in a professional and complex and made the reader go on a contemplative journey in the mind and soul of the serial killer, thus reaching the climax of artistic perfection

The Glorious Quran is best known by its greatness due to the fact that it comes from Allah. The eloquence and wonders of the Glorious Qur’an continues to amaze scholars and researchers. Anyone who meditates on the Book of Allah Almighty will find that this book includes many and varied methods, indicating a diversity that has greatly helped in understanding various texts and speeches, including grammatical methods. Among the grammatical methods discussed in the research are:predication (khabar), negation (nafy) and emphasis (tawkīd), the imperative (amr), the vocative (nidā’), prohibition (nahy), the optative (tarajjī), praise (madḥ) condemnation (dhamm), the interrogative (istifhām), ishtighāl, the oath (qasam), and the conditional (sharṭ).
This study aims to unravel the significance of these grammatical features in the fourteenth part (juz’) of the Qur’an, which consists of Al-Ḥijr and Al-Naḥl, by shedding light on those verses in which these grammatical features are present. The study also shows how these are not superficial features, but rather they signify deep and profound nuances in meaning, which elucidates the beauty of the Qur’anic discourse. The study draws on both syntax (naḥw) and semantics (dalālah). It begins with a general introduction to grammatical features, moving on to give detail on each of the features together with examples from the two verses. The following conclusions are arrived at: (1) That certain grammatical tools and particles, when added to a sentence, add new layers of meaning, since they refine the mood of the sentence, whether it is prohibiting, interrogative, emphasising, etc. (2) That the grammatical features present in part fourteen of the Qur’an give it meanings that are appropriate to the specific context of the discourse.

The article studies the calamities the migrants face in western societies. It uses Frantz Fanon’s ideas of psychoanalysis to critically read and examine Jhumpa Lahiri’s novel The Namesake. The novel narrates the events that occurred to an Indian family abroad for thirty-two years from 1968 to 2000. The cultural clashes a newly arrived couple from Calcutta, India encounter in Cambridge, America to the calamities their children later face are meticulously depicted in the story. Most of the novel’s events revolve around Gogol Ganguli, who suffers from a duality of personality and develops double consciousness because of his Indian name. The study finds that although they distance themselves from their traditions and embrace the western culture, the migrants can not fully assimilate to the white culture and eventually develop identity crises.

Ali Al-Andal, Emirati poetry, Grimas, semiotics, the semiotic square, the semiotics of thresholds

The Study seeks to remedy the impact of social distancing of children as one of the most important forms of problems that impede the normal and healthy development of children, which significantly affect their behavior and the interaction with the outside world. Despite the variety of proportions of the children who are suffering from social distancing around the world, the impacts of this phenomenon has affected most of the children around the world. The problem of this research is the need to shed some light on the negative consequences that affect various health, psychological and social aspects of children’s and adolescents’ personality, resulted in imposing social distancing or “home quarantine” in an attempt to reduce the outbreak of the virus, which has negative impacts on children and adolescents in particular. The importance of study lies in the fact that this incident is the first of its kind in our era; we have not experienced social distancing and home quarantine imposed on societies because of COVID-19 pandemic and its continuity for a long time, and the importance of the age stage which the research targets, childhood and adolescence, that are pivotal in the life of the individual, where his/her personality is formed and influences the rest of his/her life stages. The findings of the Study showed that despite the significant decrease in the number of infections with COVID-19 the return of life to its normal form, the period of social distancing, which the world spent, resulted in negative impacts that exceeded the adults while affecting the children and adolescents due to the lack of experience. Therefore, the types and forms of that impact vary from one child to another, but all scientists, researchers and physicians agree unanimously that there is a gap in the personality of children. The conclusions and recommendations affirm the importance of uniting all the concerned individuals and parties when dealing with children and adolescents, such as families, schools, universities, media establishments, Ministry of Health and society in order to implement treatment plans and disseminate the necessary awareness to ensure overcoming the negative impact which has affected the children and adolescents during the period of social distancing.

The present study examines the significance of the grammatical structures that include the transcribers in the first part of the Holy Qur’an in Surat Al-Baqara, by analyzing the grammatical structures that are mentioned and linking them to the meaning of the Qur’anic context and the general significance of the group of verses contained inSurat Al-Baqara.
To achieve this purpose, the researcher has collected the verses that include transcribers in the first part of the Holy Qur’an, and has worked on analyzing them and clarifying the indications that they are added in the Qur’anic context, examining the non-repetition of the indications in this paper.
This study is divided into two parts: a theoretical part and an analytical application. The theoretical part deals with the abrogates in the Arabic language and seeks to reveal their significance. As for the applied analytical part, it analyzes the linguistic structures in which the abrogates are mentioned in the first part of the Holy Qur’an and shows their significance in the Quranic context.Finally, the conclusion section summarizes the most important findings of the study.

relationship to social communication skills and teaching style. The researcher has used a descriptive research methodology. He has chosen students from the University of Duhok as a population for this research with a total of (15729) based on a stratified random sample consisting of (351) within two study majors academic sectors (Humanities and Scientific colleges). The students were selected as third year students in the second semester of the academic year 2021-2022. To determine the aim of the current research, the researcher has adopted three measurement scales: (Social Interaction Scale), (Social Communication Skills Scale) and (Teaching Style Scale). Psychometric properties and applied scales were conducted with analyzing data via using (SPSS) tool. The results showed how social communication skills had an impact on social interaction and adverse relation with teaching style

The security zone project in the northern part of Syria, which Turkey has called for establishing it near its borders with Syria., is a thorny issue that has had an impact on regional and international positions over Turkish policy.
The importance of the topic comes from the fact that it examined a topic that has made headlines not only on Syria and Turkey, but on the security of the neighboring countries of Syria, particularly Iraq, which also had a monument from Turkish operations in this regard, as Turkish forces penetrated into Iraqi territories in the northern part of Iraq.

This research aims to shed light on the Ayyubid endowment schools in Damascus and Aleppo and their scientific impact in the book “Al-Daris fi Tarekh Al-Madrasas” by Al-Nuaimi, which is considered one of the first books that chronicle the schools of the Levant. The importance of this book lies in its documentation of scientific life and endowments allocated for spending on educational institutions. Despite the importance of this book, it does not receive sufficient attention from researchers. Therefore, this research comes to address this research gap in this field.

This research aims to shed light on the Ayyubid endowment schools in Damascus and Aleppo and their scientific impact in the book “Al-Daris fi Tarekh Al-Madrasas” by Al-Nuaimi, which is considered one of the first books that chronicle the schools of the Levant. The importance of this book lies in its documentation of scientific life and endowments allocated for spending on educational institutions. Despite the importance of this book, it does not receive sufficient attention from researchers. Therefore, this research comes to address this research gap in this field.

The map industry in Europe flourished during expeditions to the East in order to gain access to spices and control main navigation routes. This led to a widespread interest in the science and production of maps, as each country sought to acquire its own sources of information about newly discovered areas and ways to reach them. Maps containing rare or exclusive information were particularly valuable during this period and are still considered highly sought after. The current study presents a brief overview of the historical features of maps by the renowned geographer Ptolemy, followed by the cartographer Gastaldi who introduced a more realistic style of cartography. The research specifically focuses on a German map, titled in Arabic, dating back to 1681 and created by the engineer Manson Mallet for his published works. An analysis of all the names mentioned on the map was conducted, as well as the accompanying decorations which were widespread on most European geographical maps during that period.
The analysis found several names that were common in the Arabian Peninsula, including the division of the peninsula into parts, naming the Arabian Gulf after the Gulf of Persia and Bahrain, and maintaining the name of the Red Sea. Additionally, the importance of the Arabian Peninsula and Mesopotamia during this period was emphasized and maps of this region were carefully preserved. The analysis may provide a broader perspective for making comparisons between maps of the region, and more information can be obtained about the Arabian Peninsula and its surrounding areas according to the historical period to which these maps belong.

This research has studied and examined the efforts of an emirate that plays an important role and has a large footprint in the development and modernization of many museums, namely, the emirate of Sharjah. It is a witness to the civilization of the United Arab Emirates and which is home to many important monuments and ancient human heritage. The government of Sharjah has been keen to pay special attention to this heritage and to develop it continuously, as well as to establish various institutions closely related to this heritage, convinced of the importance of its position through the ages and the need to anchor its position and status in the minds of different generations. Therefore, the government of Sharjah has made great efforts to develop the museum sector in view of its importance in preserving this heritage and the various monuments that express the history and heritage of the State. In this research, the researcher has used a descriptive analytical approach, with the aim of describing and analyzing the efforts of the Emirate of Sharjah and their impact on supporting and developing the museum sector. The inductive method has been used in an attempt to study in depth previous studies of the Emirate's efforts to support the museum sector and the ancient historical remains contained in it.
The study has been concluded with numerous findings, one of which is that the emirate of Sharjah has a unique geographical location, diverse environments, history and ancient civilization that enable it to attract tourists from different countries around the world. The Sharjah government has taken the initiative to build more museums, to continuously develop and upgrade them, and government agencies have played an important role in developing museums and ensuring their compatibility with international quality standards.

Life flourished in Baghdad in the period between the second half of the fourth century AH and the end of the first half of the sixth century AH. This is through advancement and development in the fields of literature, science and different kinds of arts. Thus, Baghdad became the sanctuary towards which every student of knowledge turned, and it became the pioneer of the Arab Islamic civilization in that period. Ibn al-Najjar explained this status in many texts through his book: The Tail of the History of Baghdad. He mentioned the sheikhs and scholars who studied science in its schools, mosques, and institutes. He also mentioned the students who went to Baghdad to seek knowledge, and those who stayed for a long time to become sheikhs to transfer what they learned to their students. Ibn al-Najjar was able to draw a wonderful picture of Baghdad as a pioneer of science and scholars, and even showed the features of the picture in its finest details through authored texts.
This study aims to reveal the scholars who visited Baghdad and settled there for a period of time or permanently, and the reasons that prompted them to such a visit. What is the extent of their influence on the scientific life in Baghdad or their influence on it? The study attempts to identify the geographical areas from which they came, their scientific specialization, their knowledge, and the sciences they took from Baghdad,s scholars and spread afterwards in their countries. The study concluded that 130 scholars visited Baghdad, and that they came to it from many parts of the Islamic world at the time, and the reasons for the visit were multiple, but the most prominent one was to seek knowledge.

Perceived environmental disorder is an interpreted state of the world in which things are atypical and incoherent. Conversely, a perceived order is an explanatory state of the world in which things are in stereotyped and coherent situations. According to the broken windows theory, crime does not arise out of a vacuum, but rather from the presence of encouraging factors, and the most prominent of these factors is the presence of chaos and order in human societies. The research sample consisted of 398 male and female university students on whom the Perceived Environmental Disorder Scale was applied and its factor structure was extracted using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the research revealed that the research sample developed a firm belief in the existence of a perceived environmental disturbance, both physical and social, and that 19.2% of the sample members admit that there is a very severe perceived environmental disorder, 60.8%. However, the demographic variables did not have a high contribution to predicting the degree and severity of perceived environmental disorder.

The production of Forage Cropes has an important economic and industrial position at the local economic level and the general economy of the country, and in Iraq production faced many natural and human challenges, especially with the increasing demand for it locally, which required studying and analyzing the dimensions of the problem and its spatial and temporal variation.
The study specialized in the most important fodder crops, which are (Alfalfa, Berseem, Forage Sorghum, Seed Mixtures). The study included the productive governorates, namely (Baghdad, Wasit, Babil, Kerbala, Najaf, Qadisiyah, Missan, Thiqar, Muthanna, Basrah) during time span that ranges between (2010-2020).
The study was built according to the literature of geographical scientific research from the presentation of the theoretical framework and analysis of the phenomenon data and the use of descriptive and inferential geographical quantitative analysis methods of data and variables of the phenomenon to reach realistic results and develop logical conclusions. Cluster analysis was used to classify independent variables and their relationship to the dependent variable.
The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are; the results of the cluster analysis of the Alfalfa crop showed three groups: the first group, which is the most close group and includes the governorates of (Babil, Missan, Muthanna, Kerbala and Qadisiyah). The second group that follows includes the governorates of (Baghdad, Basrah, Najaf and Thiqar). While Wasit represents a different third group. As for the cluster analysis of Berseem, which showed three groups: the first group, which is the most close and includes the governorates of (Kerbala, Qadisiyah and Wasit), the second group, which includes the governorates of (Baghdad, Babil, Thiqar and Missan), while Najaf represents a different third group. As for the results of the cluster analysis of the Forage Sorghum, it showed three groups: the first group, which is the most close, and includes the governorates of Babil and Wasit. The second group includes Baghdad province only. While the province of Kerbala represents a different third group. As for the results of the cluster analysis of the crop of Seed Mixtures, it showed three groups: the first group, which is the most close group, and includes the governorates of (Baghdad and Babil). The second group includes the province of Kerbala only. While Wasit represents the third different group.

The Donbass region occupies a geopolitical importance due to its distinguished geographical location. It is located in the southeast of Ukraine and it is characterized by historical, cultural and economic advantage, besides, it is rich in coal. It is regarded as one of the most important coal producing regions in the world. This region is called by different names such as portmanio, Dotis basin and coal basin. The region has two areas, namely, Donetsk and Luhansk which are located in eastern Ukraine. This region occupies 3,52 thousand square kilometers. Both regions declared their independence from Ukraine with the support of Russia, and they are two administrative regions that belong to Ukraine like Crimea in which the main language is Russia. The percentage of the Russian population is high in both regions compared to other regions, the same thing applies to adjacent regions that lie on the black sea such as Saburishtsia, Kharkiv, and Odessa. In 2014 pro-Russian separatists declared independence in the Luhansk and Donetsk regions ‘People’s Republic’. After some battles between the Ukrainian army and the separatists, a fragile truce was reached in the Minsk II in 2015, separating the line between the areas under Ukraine’s control and the areas under separatist control bordering Russia.

Secondary vocational education is an important necessity for the human development process, and the provision of skilled average human cadres to meet the needs of the local market, after absenteeism and neglect that afflicted this type of education on the one hand, and low enrollment ratios on the other hand. The researcher chose the topic titled "A spatial analysis of secondary vocational education in Anbar Governorate and ways to develop it" to identify the philosophy of vocational education in Anbar Governorate, and to explore the most prominent problems and challenges facing the vocational education sector. So it was necessary to develop a geographical vision that discusses the most important ways to enable and develop the reality of vocational education in the province. The results of the research showed the absenteeism and neglect that afflicted this important educational sector and the non-optimal signature of vocational education schools, as the districts of (Al-Habbaniyah, Al-Karma, Al-Rutba) lack the presence of vocational schools, in addition to the teaching curricula being outdated and relatively lagging behind the actual needs, which affected the low enrollment ratios. Therefore, it is imperative for us to create a promising and supportive learning environment for the sustainable development process.

The importance of geomorphic studies emerged through their great and wide impact on the overall activities and natural and human phenomena, and for the purpose of proving this impact, the study examined the area of Mashoura Dagh, located (100 km) to the city of Mosul within the district of Tal Afar. The study began first identifying the most important geomorphic characteristics in the area through many field visits and access to geological and topographical maps of the area as well as the use of geographical techniques such as programs and satellite images. The nature of the formation of the area and its geological characteristics were determined, in addition to studying the climate by collecting data (40) years from the date of 1/1/1981 to 12/13/2021, leading to the identification of the surface characteristics of heights and ground slopes, the quality and susceptibility of the soil, and the nature of the water valleys. in this area. It turns out that these geomorphic characteristics have a clear and significant impact on each other and on the geographical and geomorphic nature of the area. After that, the study area was classified as an oriented classification for the purpose of identifying the most important land uses , based on the satellite image (Sentinel 2) with a resolution of (20 m) and captured on 4/9/2022. It was found that there are several types of land uses, the most important of which are agricultural, residential, abandoned, barren and wetlands. In order to find the relationship between geomorphic characteristics and land uses, the linear regression equation (OLS) was used to predict the value of the dependent variable, which is affected to varying degrees by the value of the independent variables. The results showed that there are three levels of relationship between geomorphic characteristics and land uses represented by strong, medium and weak relationships.

The current study dealt with the characteristics of residential neighborhoods in the Emirate of Sharjah and their impact on the quality of life of citizens residing there through indicators of the residential environment and infrastructure, and the indicators of service facilities available. Data and information were collected by relying on two main tools, which is the observation as the researcher is a resident of the suburb, and an in-depth interview, which was used via conducting some interviews with citizens residing in the suburb to identify their satisfaction with life there and their future aspirations. The results of the study concluded that(88%)of the respondents believed that the housing environment, infrastructure and service facilities greatly affected their quality of life, and this was shown through the results of the chi-square test, as the results indicated that there is a statistically significant relationship between housing ownership and considering it as one of the characteristics of The residential environment that helped to raise the quality of life of the respondents in the suburb, while there was no statistically significant relationship between the sex variable and the consideration of the residential environment and infrastructure whiach affected the quality of their lives, since all respondents, regardless of their gender, enjoyed the characteristics of the suburb, while the service facilities index showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between it and the age variable, as the younger individuals benefit from the educational and recreational facilities for their children more than the elderly.

The current study aimed to reveal the role of the family in strengthening the cyber security to confront electronic extortion. To achieve the objectives of the study, the qualitative approach was used. The study sample consisted of (15) respondents who are working in the Sharjah Police, Social Support Center and Child and Women Protection Center in the Emirate of Sharjah. They were intentionally selected, and an in-depth interview was used as a study tool. The results of the study concluded that the family has a major role in exposing one of its members to electronic extortion, and this occurs when there is a dysfunction in the family represented in the absence of family control, family disintegration, family neglect, the absence of dialogue, discussion and emotional containment, in addition to the family's lack of awareness of cybersecurity and digital safety measures while using the Internet. The study showed that the family discovers that one of its members has been exposed to electronic blackmail through the changes that occur in his behavior and personality, as he suffers from social and psychological effects as a result of his exposure to blackmail. The study emphasized that the family has a very important role in protecting its children from cybercrime. The study also showed how the family strengthens the cybersecurity of its children to confront electronic extortion, by parents developing their security culture on digital safety measures so that they can transfer this security culture to their children, benefit from parental services and electronic filters in various applications, and prevent children from dealing with strangers on the Internet, containing children emotionally, strengthening family bonds with them, making sure to follow and monitor them, and constantly discussing with them about digital safety and the safe use of the Internet.

The city of Dubai is a model for smart city policies that help understand rapid developments. Dubai, with its vision, has tried to follow the footsteps of sustainable cities. This study took into account some of what contributed to the success of sustainable development in general and social sustainability in particular in Dubai.It ia a qualitative study that looked at the social dimensions and the influences on their sustainability, such as popular participation, human capital, and the reduction of social disparities. Through this study, the sustainability of Dubai was identified through the impact of sustainable policies on people for the social dimension and their opinions on the current situation. The research found that Dubai is on the line of social sustainability because of its many and varied initiatives, but there are many challenges, including the need to pay attention to the family, better education and more awareness in terms of the importance of the social dimension and sustainability. It recommended paying more attention to reducing the gap between rich and poor as a social difference, and sharing people's opinion on future strategies.

Poverty or destitution is a situation in which a person does not have enough material assets to meet his basic needs. Poverty is one of the stages of mystical behavior in ancient Persian literature. The concept of poverty in contemporary Persian literature is one of the most important social problems. In this research, we will talk about one of the contemporary poets who addressed poverty as one of the social and economic problems of man. Among these poets, the poet “Hoshang Ebtihaj” whose nickname is "Shadow". He is one of the famous poets of the contemporary world of Iran, who has always shown sensitivity towards the situations and events of the society, which is a sign of a kind of commitment and idealism. Also, the poet complains about the economic and class situation and the unequal conditions of the poor class of the society, and the beautiful lover of each line ends with a strong song, the black image of the society fits these dry endings.