The Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

As a result of what the world witnessed in the emergence of technological developments and their irrational use and the resulting environmental crises that affected life, architects must propose architecture capable of responding to environmental influences in local architecture. Thus, the research goal is to identify the multiple levels of environmental response to architecture based on the correlation with changes in concepts, materials used, and apparent forms. There is a gap in knowledge regarding the correlation with changes in concepts, materials used, and apparent forms in achieving multiple levels of environmental response. A comprehensive theoretical framework was built to achieve the research goal, and the comparative and deductive approach was adopted. Then, the theoretical framework was transferred to three samples selected for the research design to present the final results and the most important conclusion: the relationship between societal changes. It achieves acceptable forms in the external reality and multiple levels of the environmental response of the architectural product.

Documentation of cultural heritage and physical structures is crucial for heritage conservation and shaping the identity and memory of people. It aids development and city building. With rapid technological advancements, digital documentation techniques like photogrammetry have emerged as a mechanism of cultural resistance. The research explores the relationship between photogrammetry and collective memory in enhancing cultural resistance in cities, focusing on the Al-Basha Mosque in old Mosul City. A three-dimensional digital model of the Mosque was created using Reality-Capture and developed with Lumion, producing a video based on a sample questionnaire. The digital model\'s reliability in enhancing collective memory was examined. The research confirmed the effectiveness of the adopted methodology in archiving cultural heritage and disseminating its data, particularly in Mosul, and its role in documenting and conserving collective memory, strengthening the city\'s cultural resistance locally and internationally.

This study focuses on the impact of Modernism on contemporary architecture in Erbil, a city with a history dating back to the fifth millennium B.C. Emphasizing the historical significance of the central ancient citadel and its ties to the third family of the Sumerian empire and transformative Assyrian conquests, the research intricately navigates the discourse surrounding modernist architecture and its effects on Erbil's identity. Using an evaluative lens, it discerns how contemporary architectural trends have influenced the city's historical buildings, urban planning, and local environment. Through a descriptive and interpretive methodology, the study unveils the intricacies of Erbil's architectural transition, drawing insights from diverse sources such as maps, visuals, and legislative texts. This paper makes a significant contribution to the ongoing dialogue about the evolution of contemporary architecture in Erbil, illustrating vividly how modern architecture, characterized by its departure from tradition, gradually replaced conventional building practices from the early 20th century until the 1980s, leaving a lasting imprint on Erbil's traditional organizational planning identity.

This study aims to investigate the influence of perceived design features of Urban Green Spaces (UGSs) on visitors\\' place attachment, motivation to visit, happiness, and health benefits. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from visitors to four UGSs in Gaza City using a systematic sampling approach. The survey instrument incorporated established items from previous studies and underwent rigorous expert review to ensure validity and reliability. The findings highlight the importance of specific design elements in enhancing UGSs attractiveness and fostering place attachment. While perceived UGSs design showed weak associations with motivation, happiness, and health outcomes, it exhibited a moderate positive correlation with place attachment. The study\\'s implications underscore the significance of UGSs design in creating meaningful experiences and promoting a sense of belonging among visitors, informing evidence-based design practices and policies. Further research is needed to delve into the complex relationship between UGSs design, visitor experiences, and well-being outcomes.

The architectural image of the place is formed through the use of architecture, which consists of buildings with cultural value and carrying historical meanings and symbols. The new use of historical buildings includes re-adapting the buildings to meet the needs and requirements of the place. The disappearance of the old function leads to the building being neglected and destroyed. Therefore, the reuse of historical buildings preserves their architectural value and the meanings they carry and achieves an emotional link to the place. The research seeks to form the architectural image of the place through its reuse. The research relied on (the evaluation form) to verify and measure the research indicators by distributing them to those with experience and expertise and collecting and analyzing the results. Among the most important results of the research were the following: The presence of activities and use in historic buildings is very important in shaping the image of the place as it is linked to people. The presence of activity leads to the presence of people in the place and preserving the image of the place. One of the most important recommendations of the research is that the use takes into account the nature of the building and the cultural and civilizational values it carries.

In recent years, the use of algorithms in building façade design has significantly increased, enabling architects to create complex geometric forms that were traditionally difficult to achieve. Algorithmic design relies on employing algorithms to generate and process design parameters using digital tools such as 3D modelling and digital fabrication techniques. This approach enhances the performance of façades, allowing them to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The study addresses the need to understand the role of algorithms in creating contemporary architectural façades derived from nature and responsive both environmentally and aesthetically. The research aims to explore how these algorithms improve façade responsiveness. Accordingly, it hypotheses that algorithms contribute to enriching architectural forms while achieving environmental and aesthetic responsiveness. The study reviewed the conceptual framework of algorithms and their applications, analysed various architectural case studies, and concluded that algorithms play a pivotal role in developing environmentally responsive façades, thereby enhancing the sustainability of future buildings.