Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences

This research on male rats was carried out to investigate the possible effects of
three different doses of artificial testosterone (Sustanon) on the histology and function
of liver and kidneys of adult male rats. In this experiment 48 adult male rats divided
into three groups 1, 2 and 3. These groups were injected with0.05, 0.1, 0.2
mg/kg of sustanon respectively for a period of 42 days. Blood samples were collected
at the end of the experiment for the determination of the levels of liver enzymes.
Male rats were then dissected out, liver and kidneys were removed, weighed and
fixed in 10% formalin for histological study, and 12 adult males were used in parallel
to these groups as control group. The results showed that there were significant
changes in the levels of liver enzymes in all treated groups in comparison with those
of the control. All injected groups showed clear histological changes in the basic
structure of liver and kidneys in comparison with those for control group. These
changes included the increased number of hepatocytes in liver and also some distortion
in renal tubules of the kidneys. Changes like cellular hyperplasia and cell degeneration
were also observed in all groups of this study especially those of high doses of
sustanon. It was concluded from the results of this study that the injection of sustanon
at the doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/ kg in adult male rats had influenced the histological
structure of liver and kidneys and also the levels of liver enzymes

The objective of study was diagnosis of some Brucella spp. from human suspects
and infection patients via methods of serology (Rose Bengal test) and culture. The
PCR assay was investigated as a potential role in detection of some Brucella. Blood
samples was used to detection common species like: Brucella melitensis and Brucella
abortus from sick persons whom were suspected to be infected with brucellosis.
Blood and serum tests were gotten from individuals whom were suspected of
contamination with brucellosis, alluded to numerous doctor's facilities in various city
of Baghdad (Karkh and Rusafa parts), which include: (General doctor's facility Mohammad
Baqir Al-Hakim, Al-Shaheed Al-Sadder clinic, Al-Imam Ali (rest in peace)
doctor's facility), and access to insights and maps in all Iraq areas from Ministry of
Health/Communicable Disease Control Center, within the time period of the research
that lasted from (March to December of the year 2014) .
A sum of 117 fringe blood tests was acquired from sick persons about whom there
were suspects of contamination with brucellosis. The analysis of brucellosis was affirmed
by clinical discoveries by utilizing exams of serological nature such as: Rose
Bengal test, culture and Gram recoloring and distinctive biochemical exams. To build
up a PCR system for conclusion of brucellosis, DNA extraction was done through
utilizing a business pack, followed by PCR amplification by using two sets of primers:
B4/B5 and IS711 B.melitensis and B.abortus.
The results were obtained as 70 (59.82%) specimens as affirmative outcome by
RBT and 59 (50.42%) specimens were affirmative outcome by culture from the blood
of sick persons. Once the PCR method had been used to blood specimens as, 30
(25.64) cases positive for Brucella species, and 20 )% 17.09( were positive for Brucella
melitensis and Brucella abortus.
These outcomes demonstrate that sick persons were in contact with creature of
domesticated animals that contaminated or associated disease with Brucella like:
sheep, goat, cow and bison situated in epidemiological locales in Iraq ,particularly in
Baghdad region over the research time frame and indicated that blood culture technique
is vital for the discovery of brucellosis in contrast with serological strategies
(Rose Bengal test) for the analysis of brucellosis. The PCR strategy is prescribed as
an other option to culture for the analysis of brucellosis, so PCR method gives quick
finding of brucellosis, which is important to begin the process of curing of a particular
sick person.

This work was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate
seed oil (PSO) against toxicity induced by sodium fluoride (SF) in adult female rats.
Twenty female rats were divided into four equal group and treated daily for 40 days
as follows: Group C administered tap water and served as control , group T1 : received
sodium fluoride (120mg/liter) in drinking tap water, group T2: received both
sodium fluoride (120mg/liter) in drinking water and administered orally pometone
(PSO) 30mg/kg B.W. and group T3 : administered PSO 30mg/kg B.W. orally. Fasting
blood samples were collected at 0, 20 and 40 days to estimation of some biochemical
parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers . In addition, sections from liver
were taken at the end of the experiment for histopathological study. The results revealed
that SF treated group caused a significant increase in serum aminotransferases
(ALT and AST) activity, total cholesterol ,total bilirubin and peroxynitrite radical
concentrations, while GSH concentration was a significantly decrease. PSO caused
an alleviation to the hepatic dysfunction induced by sodium fluoride manifested
through significant elevation of GSH concentration, in addition, a significant reduction
in serum transaminases activity, total cholesterol, peroxynitrite radical and total
bilirubin concentrations. In contrast, administration of PSO (group T3) restored almost
most of these parameters to near or below to normal levels. Furthermore histopathological
examination of liver tissues of group T1 manifested aggregation of
mononucleated cells (MNCs), proliferation of hepatocyte, cytoplasmic fat droplet and
granulomatous lesion consists of aggregation of macrophage and lymphocyte. All
these alteration in liver histology were modified by treatment of rats with PSO. No
clear pathological lesion was reported in group T3 received PSO. On conclusion, this
study documented the beneficial effect of PSO against the deleterious effects of SF
on liver functions of adult female rats.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of garlic with sonicated oocysts
immunization of E. tenella on humoral and cellular immune responses in broilers.
A total of 150 broiler chicks were divided into 6 equal groups. The 1st and 2nd
groups inoculated in ovo with sonicated oosycts of E. tenella and repeated by I/M injection
at day 14. The 3rd and 4th groups injected I/M with sonicated oosycts at day
old and repeated at day 14, the 1st and 3rd feeding a basal diet, while the 2nd, 4th and
5th groups feeding basal diet with garlic. The birds of the 6th group fed basal diet and
remains as control. All groups were challenged with 50,000 of sporulated oocysts of
E. tenella. The results revealed that the immunized groups and immunized with garlic
have a significant difference P < 0.05 in the lymphoid organs weight and indices, antibody
titers against SRBCs (sheep red blood cells) and Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)
skin test in camper with control and garlic groups specially at day 35. At these instants
there was no significance difference between the two procedures of immunization
in ovo and I/M.
In conclusion that in ovo and I/M immuinzation of sonicated oocyst showed some evidence
of reducing negative performance impact associated with coccidiosis.

The study was conducted at Thi-Qar province at period from 16-9-2016 to 15-1-
2017. Nine hundred ( 900 ) fecal samples were taken rectally from cows. Fecal PH
and fecal score were recorded. The results of this study revealed that , the mean of fecal
pH and fecal score in our cattle was 7.76 ± 0.086 and 2.72 ± 0.16 respectively .
There was no significant differences in fecal pH and fecal score between male and
female and between mature and immature cattle ( P > 0.05 ) . There was significant
positive correlation between fecal pH and fecal score (P < 0.05 )

The antioxidant role of Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) was investigated against
two dose of Nitrofurantoin (NFT). Seventy-two adult albino mice were divided in to
six equal groups. (G1) control, (G2) received 2 mg/kg B.w of DHEA, (G3) received
oral dose of 1.5 mg/kg B.W NFT, (G4) received oral dose of 3 mg/kg B.W of
NFT,(G5) received DHEA and 1.5 mg kg/B.w NFT and (G6) received DHEA and 3
mg/kg B.w NFT. Histopathological examination of testes was studied after 30 and 60
day of the experiment and revealed a great number of testicular damage including interstitial
hemorrhage and vacuoles, abnormal immature spermatozoa, atrophy in germ
cells with severe damage and necrosis of tubules in Nitrofuantoin treated mice. In
conclusion, this study showed that NFT has deleterious effect on the reproductive
function of male mice and DHEA can protect this system against this harmful effect
induced by NFT through its antioxidative activity.

The present study had thrown the light on the in vitro antimicrobial potential of
the ethanolic extract of four local medicinal plants; Terminalia chebula, Lawsonia inermis
, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, and essential oils of five types of medicinal
plants; Elettaria cardamomum, Eugenia caryophyllus, Trigonella foenumgraecum,
Linum usitatissimum, Brassica nigra against the growth of pathogenic
Escherichia coli (E. coli). The antibacterial activity was carried out by using agar
well diffusion technique in Mueller-Hinton agar.
The results were obtained by measured the zone of inhibition (mm) around the
well that could be exhibited by each plant extract and oil following incubation of bacterial
plates and expressed as mean±Standard error (SE). Ethanolic extract of Terminalia
chebula was possessed the strongest antibacterial effect among the tested plant
extracts, followed by Origanum vulgare and Lawsonia inermis extracts. Escherichia
coli was not affected by Thymus vulgaris extract. On the other hand, Escherichia coli
was variably susceptible to tow of the used essential plant oils; Elettaria cardamomum
and Eugenia caryophyllus, whereas the other three plant oils were not active
any more.

This study was carried out to investigate the protective role of pomegranate peel
extract for relieving the harmful effects of carbon tetrachloride on the pituitary
gland function in adult male rabbits. Twenty four adult male rabbits were used in this
study and divided randomly into four equal groups. Rabbits of the 1st group were received
1 ml of orally distal water once a day and olive oil 1/2 ml /kg B.W. intraperitoneal
injection [I.P] twice a week as a control group. The second group were treated
I.P with 500 mg / kg B.W. of CCL4 mixing with equal volume of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg
B.W.) twice a week (group T1). The third group were received orally pomegranate
peel extract (100 mg/kg B.W) once a day and olive oil 1/2 ml /kg B.W. I.P twice a
week ( group T2). The fourth group were received pomegranate peel extract (100
mg/kg B.W) once a day and treated I.P with 500 mg / kg B.W. of CCL4 mixing with
equal volume of olive oil (o.5 ml/kg B.W.) twice a week (group T3). Blood samples
were collected at on days (0, 14, 28.42 and 56) for measuring LH, FSH concentrations,
total serum protein after treatment. Results showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease
in total serum protein in T1 group compared with control group. While T2
group showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in these parameter as compared with
the control and T1 group at the end of treatment period. T1 group indicated i a significant
(P<0.05) increase in serum LH at(zero and 14 day) and FSH at( from zero time
to the 28 day) . These levels, however, were significantly decreased in T1 group
compared to what we observed in the control ones at the end of the experiment period.
T2 group also showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum FSH at (24 day to
the 56day of experiment) and LH concentration (at 56 day) compared to control
group. Histological study was showed sever congestion of blood vessel and necrotic
area in section of anterior pituitary gland in group treated with CCL4, while demonstrate
moderate congestion in T3 group.
In conclusion, Pomegranate peel extract at dose (100 mg/kg B.W.) has positive effects
on the pituitary gland function, hence eliminating the deleterious effects or toxic
effect of CCL4

The present study was designed to investigate the toxic effects of aluminum
chloride AlCl3 injected intraperitonally of albino female to study the clinical signs
and histopathological changes in reproductive system. (159) of Female mice in the
age of puberty and weights ranged (30-35) g were used in this study which included
three experiments: first experiment: - This experiment was conducted on 87 female
mice, divided into 2 groups by intrapertional injection, the first group contained (15)
female mice for the purpose of knowing the lowest value and the highest value in the
pilot study, while (72) female mice were used for the purpose of determining the dose
toxin medium lethal (LD50), and by the way probit method for the purpose of
examining the symptoms of acute toxicity , severity , time of appearance and
disappearance clinical sings, which estimated 1100 mg / kg of body weight, second
experiment: This experiment was conducted on (36) female mice for a period of (14)
days, mice were divided into two groups, as follows: 1- sub acute high toxic
exposure group: -Injected with I / P high dose(221.83)mg/kg of body weight
included 18 females mice 2-Control group: - Injected I / P solution Physiologic
solution included (18) female mice. 3rd experiment: -This experiment was
conducted on (36) female mice for a period of (60) day of the experiment, they were
divided into two groups, as follows: - 1 – Sub chronic low toxic exposure group:
injected I / P low dose (55.45) mg/kg of body weight included (18) females mice. 2–
Control group: -injected I / P solution Physiologic and included (18) females mice.
The study were conducted at days (3, 7, 14) for the sub acute toxic value exposure
and at (15, 30, 60) exposure to toxic sub chronic. The study showed that the effects
increased with increasing AlCL3dose and duration of exposure. Where results
showed clinical signs that were depression of animal, neurological signs, diarrhea,
with paralysis and suffocation and ended up comatose and death within half an hour,
pathological changes characterized by degeneration and distraction of ovary with
oviduct and uterus, necrosis, papillary hyperplasia of endometrial epithelial lining
mostly in sub chronic toxic effects at day 60 .

Wood is among the most universe substantial resources and one of the main common
kinds of occupational exposure. For this , the research goal was the assess of the
genotoxicity effects of wood dust exposure for some Iraqi workers employed in a
wooden furniture factories using alkaline comet assay based on measuring the DNA
damage that occurred in the white blood cells (WBC) , aimed to minimize the health
risks from dangerous substances in the workplace. Fifty workers in a wooden furniture
factories and 50 apparently healthy control were used in this study. DNA damage
was significantly higher in the wood\'s workers , than in the control subjects according
to the comet parameters. Thus , significantly higher levels of DNA damage observed
in wood\'s workers in whom either smoked ( tail length 40.15 ± 0.54; tail DNA %
32.12 ± 0.87 and tail moment 12.90 ± 0.98) or non-smokers (tail length 36.21 ± 0.43 ;
tail DNA % 29.56 ± 0.34 and tail moment 10.70 ± 0.10) than in smoker (tail length
12.81 ± 0.89; tail DNA % 6.60 ± 0.06 and tail moment 0.846 ± 0.02) and nonsmokers
(tail length 2.63 ± 0.33 ; tail DNA % 2.29 ± 0.07 and tail moment 0.060 ±
0.03) of control group. Present study deduce the relationship of the exposure to wood
dust with high level of DNA damage. In conclusion, the results indicated that there
was a possibility of using the changes in the level of comet assay as
try for the detection of DNA damage of workers employed in a wooden furniture
factories . Also, the results obtaining was confirmed by usefulness of the alkaline
comet assay as a sensitive additional marker in the regular health screening of workers
occupationally exposed to dangerous wooden dust

This study was designed to investigate the effect of diazinon on reproductive system
of adult male mice reproductive performance. Forty adult male albino mice were
randomly divided into two equal groups. Collars made to the mice that were caged
alone. The animals of the first group were dipped in tap water without of diazinon
and served as control group, while the animals of the second group were dipped with
diazinon 60% in dilution (1-1000) and used as treated group. Five animals from each
group were sacrificed on the days 1, 14, 28 and42 after the end of treated period. The
results revealed that there were significant decrease in sperm count, sperm motility,
serum testosterone concentration and diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules.
These results associated with significant increase in dead and abnormal sperm. The
activity of acetylcholinesterase was significantly decreased at the first day of post
treated period. Histopathological examination of the testes also revealed degenerative
changes in the cell lining the seminiferous tubules. In conclusion, diazinon had adverse
effect on the reproductive system of adult male mice may be occurrence of oxidative
stress.

The characteristics of exfoliated vaginal cells and vulvar biometry following estrus
synchronization via insertion of vaginal sponges impregnated with 6-Methyl- 17-
Acetoxyprogesterone (MAP) were investigated with the aim to predict estrus in ten
adult Awassian ewes .The animals were maintained on green and concentrated ration
with water ad libitium . All measurements in the ewes were taken before insertion of
intravaginal sponges and at 0hrs , 24hrs , 72hrs after removed of intravaginal sponges.
Nine out of ten ewes showed estrus behavior in synchronization rate 90%.The results
of vaginal cytology showed dominancy of parabasal cells 49.9% before insertion
of intravaginal sponges, and dominancy of intermediate cells 62.4% at 0 hour after
removed of intravaginal sponges , while at 24hrs and 72 hrs. the dominant cells
were nucleated superficial cells and intermediate cells in percentage rate of 44.3%
and 41.8% respectively. The results showed that the measurements of vulvar biometry
of synchronized ewes during the study period increase in the vertical dimension of
vulva significantly (P≤0.05) only after 24hrs of removing of intravaginal sponges .

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Ocimum Basilicum seeds supplementation
of a commercial broiler diet on the performance and immune response.
Three dietary treatments(100 birds/treatment) with two replicates (50 birds/ replicate)
one day old straight run Ross 308 . T1 (as control group) birds fed basal diet without
any additives. While, T2 and T3 fed diet supplemented daily with 0.3 and 0.6% basil
seeds respectively to the end of the experiment (42 days) to investigate the broiler
performance and antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious
bronchitis (IB).
Results showed that the two levels of Ocimum Basilicum seeds supplementation
(0.3 and 0.6%) had a beneficial effect on the antibody titer against (NDV) and (IB)
and the high level (0.6%) was more significant against (NDV) while the low level
(0.3%) was more significant against (IB). The high levels of antibodies titers were
considered as the indicative of antiviral activity of O. Basilicum seeds. in addition,
The results revealed significant (p<0.05) improvement of feed conversion ratio and
high liver weight and spleen index in treatment groups compared with control group.
In conclusion, Ocimum Basilicum seeds supplementation in commercial broiler diets
was beneficial to broiler performance and immune function.

Several studies have demonstrated that the anticarcinogenic properties of apigenin
occur through regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress and DNA damage,
had a role as anti-oxidant activity and regulate the redox status and prevent damage
caused by oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the hitopahtological
changes may occurred in pulmonary tissues of mice implanted with mammary
adenocarcinoma AM3 and treated with flavonoid. A sixty mice bearing-mice tumor
and normal mice divided into G1; (n=3) bearing-AM3 tumor and treated with flavonoids
(apigenin) 300mg/kg b.w/orally and daily/30 days, G2; (n=3) mice bearingtumor
only, G3; (n=5) mice treated with flavonoids (apigenin) 300mg/kg b.w/orally
/30days, G4; (n=5) as control group treated with D.W. The results of hematoxylene
and eosin stained tissues of lung revealed significant histologic changes in tumorbearing
mice of chronic bronchiolitis, interstitial pneumonia and alveolar emphysema,
while in treated bearing-mice with flavonoid showed perivascular cuffing, no
metastasis seen.
Conclusion; apigenin has a significant anti-neoplastic role against implanted tumor
to prevent infiltration and invasion of tumor cells to distant region

This study was conducted for isolating and diagnosing bacterial species
contaminated imported chicken thighs in different market of Baquba city and
measuring the effectiveness of inhibitory of the alcoholic extract of rosemary leaves
and pomegranate peel against bacterial isolates the study included a collection of
(100) samples of chicken thighs from a number of markets located in different parts
of Baquba province .
The result showed contamination 80% of samples while 20% showed no
microbial contamination , the results of positive specimens and diagnosis of the use
of chemical tests have been shown the highest rate of isolation was 50% for bacteria
Salmonella typhimurium while the lowest rate of isolation of bacteria
Ps.aeruginosa by 3.75% .
While the results of the distribution of contaminated samples by the company
fitted with the origin that the highest percentage of pollution was 26.25% for
samples taken from Yumta / Turky , while the proportion was less isolated was 2.5%
to isolate of taken from Houseaf / Turky , kock / America , Keskinagly/
Turkycompanies.
The results of distribution of bacterial species according to the company supplied
samples showed a ratio of (10,12.5 ) % for isolates Salmonella typhimirium, E . coli
consecutively of samples processed by the company North chicken / Iraq and by (
3.75 , 3.75, 2.5)% for isolates Ps . aeruginosa, Staph . aureus , Staph . epidermis
consecutively for samples from yumtal / Turky company . while the ratio of
isolation was 2.5% to klebsiellaspp . of samples taken from the two company yumata
/ TurkyHouseaf / Turky for both companies .
The results of the alcoholic extract of the plant of the rosemary leaves and
pomegranate peel at the concentration 200mg / ml showed rate of inhibition of ( 3.5
, 3.8 ,4,6,7,7 ) mm , (5,5,5,8,8,9) mm in bacteria extracts Salmonella typhimirum , E .
coil , Ps , aeruginosa , Klebsiellaspp , Staph epidermis , Staph . aureus consecutively.

A total of 578 fishes, belonging to 19 species, were collected from Al-Graiat region
on the Tigris River at Baghdad province during the period from July 2015 until the
end of March 2016. The results showed the occurrence of eight species of the genus
Gyrodactylus Nordmann 1832 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae). Among these parasites,
four species were recorded for the first time in Iraq namely: G. comephori, G. ibragimovi,
G. macronychus and G. masu. Also, seven species of fishes were regarded as
new hosts for four species of the studied parasites. The description and measurements
of these parasites were given as well as their illustrations.

This experiments was conducted in the laboratory of High Institute of Infertility
Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies in Bagdad, to investigate the effects
of ultra rapid cryopreservation ( vitrification ) on the normal morphology and
viability of ewes early stage embryos . The sheep ovaries were collected from the
slaughters ewes immediately after slaughtering ,the immature oocytes were subjected
into in vitro maturation(IVM) and in vitro fertilization(IVF) programs .The early
embryonic stages were cryopreserved using the vitrification technique, then thawed
and assessed from the morphology and viability at two periods : post thawing and
2hr.post thawing. The morphology and viability of early embryonic stages, showed
no significant differences in two pronuclear (2PN) at post thawing and 2hr.post thawing
periods namely 88.88 and 83.33% respectively. While the 1-2cell showed a
higher percentage of normal morphology (93.33%) at the post thawing and 2hr.post
thawing periods,also showed a high percentage of normal morphology 3- 4cell embryos
at post-thawing and 2hr.post-thawing (86.66%). A high percentage of viable 3-
4 cells embryos were obtained at post-thawing (93.33%),which were decreased to
86.67% at 2hr.post-thawing .These results described for the first time in Iraq, using
the vitrification technique with 2PN,1-2cells,3-4cells embryonic stages. This will participates
in improving the reproductive efficiency of sheep via producing large
numbers of embryos which could be used for application of reproductive technologies
.

This experiment was designed to study the influence of fish oil and l- carnitine and
their combination on lipid profile of broilers Ross 308 chicks. One hundred fifty
straight run 1-day -old chicks were distributed randomly into three equal groups, (50
birds/ treatment) with two replicates as following: 1) birds fed basal diet without any
supplementation. 2) birds fed basal diet daily supplemented with 3% fish oil. 3) birds
fed basal diet daily supplemented with 3% fish oil plus l-carnitine (50mg per Kg). All
chicks received vaccine against Newcastle disease ND strain (B1) by spray at one day
of age. Others vaccines of ND strain (Lasota) were administrated by drinking water at
the age 10, 20, 30 days respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples collected
then measured the lipid profile of chicks’ blood serum. The significant improving
of triglyceride, cholesterol, and HDL results were observed T3 birds received fish
oil 3% and l-carnitine (50mg per Kg) of at age 32 days. Triglyceride, cholesterol,
VLDL, and LDL were decreased (P≤0.05) as compared with control. However, HDL
was increased (P≤0.05) as compared with control. In conclusion, fish oil plus lcarnitine
can be used with broiler ration at a level (3% fish oil and l-carnitine (50mg
/Kg) could enhance lipid profile and health status of broilers

This study was aimed to find out the most effective clinical samples and diagnosis
methods in chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CCL). Smear, aspiration fluid, and filter
paper, samples were taken from 44 skin lesions of suspected cases with CCL in some
Baghdad hospitals, and they were compared using microscopic examination, culture,
and molecular methods.Samples from the clinical patients were examid which
showed throug PCR 95.45%(42/44) ,Microscopic examination 72.7%(32/44), culture
27%(12/44).During the study ,products in KDNA –PCR, L.tropica and L. major the
observation of expected bands 780 and 650bp,and the filter paper most effective clinical
samples from lesion.In conclusion the PCR –based assays tested on our increased
the speed and sensitivity of the diagnosis DNA –PCR very important to the species
identification ( L. tropica and L. major).

A study was carried out at kerbala slaughterhouses during 6 month-period from
October 2015 to March 2016 in order to estimate the economic losses of condemned
livers and lungs of slaughtered ruminants due to common reportable diseases. Diagnosis
of diseases and lesions of livers and lungs depended on pathological changes of
organ, color, size, consistency, presence of parasites and lesions. Out of 67,500 heads
of slaughtered sheep, goats, cattle, and buffaloes which were slaughtered during this
study at Kerbala abattoirs, condemnation of livers and lungs was carried out in 2002
(2.96%) of the slaughtered animals, of which 22 (0.03%) , 15 (0.02%) , 302 (0.45%) ,
91 (0.13%) of the slaughtered animals were due to hydatidosis, facioliasis , lung
worms, pneumonia and hepatitis respectively. The highest infection rate of the condemned
livers in slaughtered ruminants was recorded due to hydatidosis
1,324(1.96%), followed by hepatitis 91(0.13%) and fascioliasis 22(0.03%). The livers
of 1.32% sheep, 7.42% goat, 3.36% cattle and 4.06% buffaloes carried hydatid cysts,
and the infection rate of hydatidosis in livers of goats was significantly higher than
other animal species with ( P< 0.05 ). However, lungs of slaughtered ruminants were
frequently disposed due to hydatid cyst (1.004%) ,followed by pneumonia (0.45%)
and lung worms (0.02%), and that lungs of goats (3.72%) were condemned more frequently
with a significant difference ( P <0.05) than other animal spp. The findings of
the current study revealed that condemnation of livers and lungs of sheep, goat, cattle
and buffaloes in kerbala abattoirs due to parasitic infestation and other pathological
lesions caused considerable economic losses. The estimated total losses due to
condemned livers and lungs in buffaloes and cattle were (28,250,000 Iraqi Dinars
,ID) (21,730 $) but in sheep and goats ,the losses were (46,650,000 ID) (35,884 $)
and the total economic losses recorded in this period of study for all species of animals
slaughtered in abattoirs due to condemned lungs and livers were (74,900,000
ID) (57,615 $)

The aim of the present study is testing the activity of Triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine
carboxylic acid extracted from Hapalosiphon welweschii against the hydatid cyst of
Echinococcus granulosus. . the results was found that the compound of the methanol
extract of Hapalosiphon welweschii is more active by it is explain in vitro activity
against the protoscolices of hydatid cyst where the protoscolices are killed after three
days – post treatment in concentrations 300 μg / ml followed by 200 μg / ml that
explain activity after five days - post treatment in comparison with the third
concentration 100 μg\ml where revealed low activity with the others. GC- Mass
spectrum of the methanol extract has explain presence of the compound Triazolo[1,5-
a] pyrimidine carboxylic acid in about 13.28 % from the total composition of
methanol extract of microalgae H. welweschii .

Current study was conducting on 50 tissues samples which were on 25 placentas
from aborted cow and25 from aborted fetuses. Each tissues sample was cutting in to 4
pieces about 1cm; 1st one kept in 10% formaldehyde and sent to pathology laboratory
and 2nd kept in clear test tube and sent to microbiology laboratory in Veterinary Medicine
College of Baghdad University. Third and four were sent to laboratory of molecular
and immunohistochemistry(IHC) to detection DNA defects; P53 (apoptosis
factor) and TNF (tumor necrotic factor) a markers on placental and fetal tissues. Further
to serological test for hormones in all aborted female. Microbial examination
showed positive test for bacterial and protozoa causes. Conclusions pathological findings
in aborted fetus mainly were: in brain; neuronal demyelination and in liver;
hepatocytes' vacoulation and inflammation and in lung: edematous lesion with inflammation;
and in placenta necrotic foci with abscesses. Genetics test showed
DNA damage in brain; liver of fetus and placenta. Immunological examination after
IHC methods showed that there was detectable increasing in ratio of TNF and P53 in
placental and fetal tissues. Serological test showed increase serum level of estrogen
hormone and a prolactin hormone.

This study becomes conducted to analyze the impact of supplementing sage oil to the
ration of Ross 308 chicks on some hematological parameters. 117 broiler chicks are
used at one day old were randomly occupied to three treatments (by 3 replicates per
treatment; 13 chicks per replicate), and treatments were as follows: Control group:
without adding Salvia officinalis to the diet, First treatment group: adds Salvia officinalis
by 1% and Second treatment group: add Salvia officinalis by 2%. The experiment
included a study of the following hematological parameters: Red Blood Corpuscular
Count, Packed Cell Volume, Estimation of Hemoglobin and Differential
Leukocytes Count. The results improved that the addition of Salvia officinalis by 1
and 2% to broiler diet led to a significant increment (p<0.05) in RBCs count, PCV,
and Hb concentration. From other hand, significant decreasing (p<0.05) in H/L Ratio.
The ameliorating that happens in chicks hematological traits attribute to be added
Salvia officinalis their ration

In this study 50 ewes of native Awassi breed aging (2-5) years and their 62-offspring aging from birth to weaning was used and was carried in the department of animal production / Faculty of Agriculture / University of Baghdad , as well as labor-atories of institute of genetic engineering and biotechnology for post graduate studies and over the period from 1/11/2015 to 1/6/2016.
The aim of this study was to investigate the genotypes of Bone Morphogenetic Pro-tein 15 (BMP 15) and their association with the production , growth and reproductive traits . PCR - RFLP analysis of (BMP 15) (153 bp) showed three various genotypes represented as AA , AC , and CC with frequencies 36.00, 40.00 and 24.00 respective-ly, the frequencies of the A and C alleles were 0.56 and 0.44, respectively, The re-sults showed the effects of the genetic make-up of the BMP 15 gene has a high signif-icant on fecundity ratio while no significant on fecundity rate , there was a variation of high significance of mortality rate in lambs up to weaning, with high significance in the rate of weight-gain variation in lambs from birth up to weaning and chest cir-cumference and height were affected in relation to the variability of BMP 15 geno-types, The results of the current study showed that daily and total milk production of Awassi ewes was significantly increased in relation with variation of BMP 15 geno-type in favor of ewes with genotype hybrid AC, moreover a significant variation in length of lactation periods, however, milk components were not significantly affected with variation of BMP 15 genotypes except the percentage of milk fat and in favor of ewes with genotype of AA.
In conclusion through the study of gene expression of gene BMP15 could be open interesting prospects for future selection program and also improvement strategies to sheep to maximize the economic income of the election and breeding genotypes that have achieved the best fecundity and milk production.

This study aimed to know the preventive role of a substance Curcumin .
against damage happening in the nervous system and induced textured monosodium
glutamate (MSG) in male rabbits. , sixty of adult male rabbits were randomly divided
into four equal groups (15 animals / group), the first group (G1) intubated with 1
ml / kg ml / kg of corn oil and served as a control group (G1) . The second group
were intubated orally and daily with 3mg /kg of MSG for three months , while the
third group (G3) has intubated orally and daily with 60 mg / kg curcumin for three
months, the fourth group intubated orally and daily with 3mg /kg of MSG and 60 mg
/ kg of curcumin for three months .Fasting blood samples were collected from fasted
rabbits at pretreated period , Mid-experiment and at the end of experiment to study
the following parameters : concentration of Total protein (TP) and Glucose (GLU)
in cerebeospinal fluid . The results revealed that oral dosing with MSG caused a
significant decrease (P <0.01)in concentration of TP and significant increase (P
<0.01) in concentration of GLU compared with the control group. The group that
treated with 60mg / kg curcumin revealed a significant increase (P <0.01) in concentration
of TP while no significant difference was observed in the concentration
of GLU compared with the control group. Experience also shows that oral dosing
with MSG and curcumin caused significant decrease (P <0.01) in the concentration
TP , and significant increase in the concentration of GLU after end of three months
compared with the control group .
Histological results from rabbits treated with MSG for three months have showed
degenerative changes in spinal cord after staining with H&E , the treatment of nervous
tissue with Silver stain showed deposit of beta Amleod Aβ plaques in spinal cordcompared with the control group while the results showed the natural structure of
spinal cord by H&E and Silver stain after treatment with curcumin, but for the group
that treated with MSG and curcumin has been observed the natural appearance of
the nervous tissue with little appearance of some of the gaps by H & E with lack of
deposition of Aβ in the spinal cord by Silver stain compared with the control group.
In conclusion , results of this study that monosodium glutamate (MSG) causes
clearly pathological changes in nervous tissue and confirm the protective role of Curcumin
against the pernicious influence of the nervous tissue and Some of the ions in
the serum of male rabbit

The Study involved twenty healthy aduly white rabbit males (Lepus arcticus L.). the average weight (1.36-1.54) K.g and age (6-8) months old. The rabbits ware divided to two groups. The first group was involved (10) rabbit that treated with aqueous extract of the laurusnoboilis L. leafes (3ml) subcutaneously the Second group was in volved (10) rabbits as control group which treated with distteld water. The study aimed to determine the effect of laurus noboilis L. extract on some blood parameters level of testosterone hormone, sperm count and level of some Ions such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus and calcium. And study the histological structure on testis and mean diameter in seminiferous tubules, spermatogonia, Primary spermatocyte, sper-matozoa.
The result of the present study showed:
1- Significant increase (P<0.05) in mean levels of testosterone hormone, sperm count and levels of sodium, potassium, phosphorus and calcium.
2- Significant increase (P<0.05) in mean diameter of seminiferous tubules, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and spermatozoa.

Chemical pesticides are used in Iraq in fairly large quantities in the treatment of the aquatic environment for the purpose of disposal of some pests. Pesticides are used annually to control the water roles of the mosquito insect such as Abate or Temeph-os.therefore The aim of the present study is the life tables to water flea Daphnia magna under the effect of pesticide Abate (Temephose ) 4% Emolsion Concentration utilized in the aquatic environment against Mosquito larvae As well as , noticing the effects five concentrations (0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 , 1, 1.25 ) μg/L on the reproductivity of the water flea Daphnia magna in series of laboratory experiments conducted under different environmental conditions such as ( present of O2 , absent of O2 with sus-pended particles ( Bentonite & Clay).the results of Abate treatment at a period of partial exposure showed reduction on number of broods and the juveniles number . And using of the insecticide Abate lead to reduce in the number of brood and the juveniles number for F1 individuals in all cases of treatments (absent of oxygen , present of oxygen , addition of some sus-pension materials ). These results effected on the values of net replacement rate (RO) and the intrinsic rate of increase( rm) which reduced in all uses treatments as a result of the use of Abate that leaded to defect in the growth of Daphnia´s population and this effect transported to the next generations