journal of Language Studies

Atfa’el) is a formula of the morphological formula used by the Holy Qur’an in words that were analyzed phonetically, and if this formula did not exist in the speech of the Arabs, the infidels of the Quraysh tribe who were known for eloquence would condemn it, especially since they searched in vain for a defect in the Holy Qur’an, and this formula was affected phonetically according to the law of phonetic similarity with letters close to it in terms of output and attributes, and this formula reappeared in the modern Egyptian vernacular, and it is linked to the same morphological formula (Atafa’el) in Eloquent Arabic.

The study is based on human thinking, which starts with human instinct, and expresses his different needs. The material of study is a language when the core of the language is the term (philosophy of language). It seeks about the reasons behind the formation of the languages, their relationships and their stages of development, from the eloquent origin to the everyday. The mother language converges with phonetic, morphological commonalities, and synthetic. These comparisons and linguistic approaches are based on the descriptive inductive method. They are restricted to the subject of regulations and laws that are regulated by it. The comparisons were made between the origins of the (Indian - European) and (Semitic - Hamitic) factions. The study is based on points in which linguistic axes converge, such as the diversity of words and their convergence, the significance of words, and the possibility of their response to dual origins that mimic the sounds of nature. Some of them vary from two origins, as well as the interpretation of the mental image that carries the sensory and metaphorical image and its impact on meaning. The study shows the extent of the connection of roots between languages and their convergence, as well as the effect of the environment on language when the modern philosophical and linguistic studies show the value of language and its connection with each other to end the study with great secrets about the reason behind the growth and permanence of the great language.

Interpretation is a great science, and scholars have competed to obtain it, and it is a science that has historical roots that go back to the era of the Prophethood. The Companions used to ask the Messenger (PBUH) about the interpretation of verses that were confusing to them, and the Messenger (PBUH) would answer them with what God had opened up to him. Hence a science arose that was later called the science of interpretation, and after that the Companions excelled in developing works that serve the Qur’anic text, and his interpretation. And Al-Korani, like other scholars, delved into this science and took in its aspects, so he had a distinctive approach in interpretation that stops all scholars and researchers to take into consideration, that he does not give in to opinions from the first sight, but rather presents them to the reasonable and the transmitted until he comes out with an opinion, so we wanted to show the characteristics of this approach from the linguistic point of view as much this is what our study is about.

This article aims to study the pronunciation problems related to the phonetic aspect that non-Arabic-speaking students of Hausa suffer from, and the study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and the contrastive approach. The significance of this study comes from the fact that it seeks to study the most important branch among the linguistic branches, which is the phonetics. It also acquires its importance in that it is based on analyzing the difficulties experienced by Hausa students when pronouncing some Arabic sounds, and shows the reason for these difficulties, while drawing methods to overcome them and putting steps to solve these problems. The study concluded that pronouncing some Arabic sounds is one of the biggest linguistic problems that most Hausa students suffer from, due to the difference of their mother tongue (Hausa) from the Arabic language in sound pattern, points of articulation, manners and the pronunciation habits of the Arabic native speakers. The finding also revealed that the majority of these students face Great difficulty in pronouncing Arabic sounds that do not exist in Hausa Language, such as: (Өث , ḥح , ḫخ , ’ع , ṣص , ḍض , ḏذ , d⸮ظ ) and we also found that, the pronunciation of the dark sounds correctly, is one of the big problem to them.

Time is considered as one of the basic pillars in literary construction, and its study occupied a large space in literary studies. The poet considers time a moving element within the spatial horizon, and this movement involves changes and movement. The poet discusses and complains about eternity and what it affects it, or specifies it through their childhood and adulthood, and therefore deals with time as a living being, and this is the realization, which means highlighting inanimate objects through an image in which they appear alive. In this research, we discuss the realization of time and eternity in Elia Abu Mazee\'s poetry.

The research aims to study selected texts from family hadiths in the narrations of the Mothers of the Believers (may God be pleased with them), and related to the husband and wife, a rhetorical analysis based on the rules of rhetoric in revealing the rhetorical characteristics of these narrations, and revealing the accuracy in choosing vocabulary and formulas in building hadith systems, as well as Shedding light on the role of the various graphic and creative arts in the richness of texts and directing the meaning towards the purpose for which it was given, and touching the distinctive characteristics of each, and the role of the different displacements represented by the introduction, delay, remembrance, omission, separation, connection and others in demonstrating what is meant by the most eloquent phrases and the most beautiful compositions.

This is a study entitled (The Effect of Referral in Al-Zamakhshari's Poems of Praise - A Study of Textual Coherence), which aims to study the coherence and cohesion in the poetic text of Al-Zamakhshari, and its function in achieving textual coherence through the referral method, which is a prominent means of grammatical consistency in text analysis The sign is a linguistic concept that combines all the linguistic elements that refer directly to the denominator in terms of the presence of the speaking self, time, or place. It is one of the linguistic units that move the rules of preceding and post usage, and thus contribute to the consistency of the text. Based on this concept, this research deals with the concept of the sign noun, and its relationship to grammatical consistency, then deals with the textual consistency in the praise poems of Zamakhshari to clarify the intent and significance of the nouns of the sign in different contexts. Reliance on the analytical statistical method for the study and the statement of the impact left by the indicative referral in achieving the abbreviation and avoiding the repetition of the assignee.

There is no doubt that the Hebrew language, which is an important part of the Semitic languages to which our Arabic language belongs, has become one of the important languages in the Arab region, and it is time for Arabs to learn it and understand what is going on around them and from within them in terms of plans that reflect on the future of the region as a whole. Therefore, it was our duty as specialists in the study of Semitic languages and the Hebrew language in particular to write research on the origins and divisions of this language. From this point of view, this research was prepared to complement the great scientific research and studies in the field of Semitic studies, especially the Hebrew side of it, the research has been addressed to several topics, the most important of which was the definition of the term "Hebrew" in Arabic and Hebrew, and knowing the origin of this term with mentioning the most important opinions that touched on the hadith about its origin and interpretation, and also the origin of the word labels (Jews - Israelites - Hebrews), and then it was proven whether the words "Hebrew" and "Arabic" are one word? Or is there a difference between them, hence the historical and religious connotations of the term "Hebrew" are mentioned in Jewish sources, and then in Jewish sources and finally in Islamic sources, where these connotations are the main axes around which this research revolves. In the end, there was the conclusion in which we mentioned the most important results we reached through the preparation of this research.

The main aim of this study is to shed light on the writing style of command mood including command and non-command used in the poetry of Ibn-Faridh in (Ta’ya). It also discusses many grammatical features in his poetry. The researcher uses a descriptive analytical method to explain the rhetorics, analyze the quantity of the number of vocabularies and articles of subjunctive mood including both types command and non-command, and analyzes the linguistic texts used in his poetry. This study can answer these questions, who is Ibn-farith? What is the effect of command mood in the poetry of Ibn-Farith? What are the main features of Sufism during the Abbasian Era?

This research is concerned with the study the subject of assimilation for the sake of meaning within data that differs from rules analogy. A set of laws executes this process including the prevention of the assimilation of similar letters, and the prevention of the assimilation of close ones to differentiate in significance.
This study deals with a number of issues. Firstly, some confusion and overlapping in the meaning as well as mentioning the analogy known to the Arabs. Then, it clarifies the source of disagreement, and explaining the reason for this violation.
The meaning in any language represents the linguistic features. The present research consists of two axes: the first seeks to demonstrate the overlapping of semantics caused by the assimilation of the two similar letters. The second one showed the Arabs’ violation of their analogy by assimilating of the two convergent letters, and that this The violation was for semantic differentiation

Undoubtedly, Characters are of great significance in novels cannot be written without them. The character is classified in several types in the novel, Each of these categories is based on a purpose. Eventually, all these types are reflected in the novel. This study is an attempt to present the types of characters in the novel. This study is an attempt to present the types of characters in the novel using a descriptive analysis method.
Our research consists of two chapters. The first part entitled” concepts of characters in the novel”, an account is given regarding the main terms of the study including “, character, and the types of character in novels”. The second part entitled “the types of characters in the Novel "Nights of Adam" by “Bayan Salman”.

Word Formation is a wide and important process in Languages. Words can be coined in various ways and forms such as coining, inventing words, blending, etc. . These processes sometimes occur according to rules, but at other times they occur while violating the existing rules. In certain cases, some phonological, semantic, and usage factors hinder the process of word formation. Besides the introduction, conclusions, and the references list, this research consists of two major parts. In the first part, morphological structures in Kurdish language are explained; syntactic and lexicographical morphemes are introduced, roots and affixes are presented. In the second section, the morphology of word formation is generally discussed, then compounding, affixation, blending, and word borrowing processes are explained. In the second part, the classification of semantic features and in the second section, the word formation processes and rules are stated. In the third section the obstacles to word formation processes are analyzed. A summary about word formation based on rules and while violating rules is presented and finally, the concluding points and the references list are provided.

Poets in all literary schools utilize the poetic and rhetorical technique of simile in their works. QubadiJalilzada is on of the contemporary poets with a distinctive style. So because poet innovates with poetic imagination and style rather than adhering to a predetermined poetic form, the researcher in this study emphasizes the presence of many simile forms and techniques in his poems. Thus, the present study pinpoints poetic simile, according to its types, forms, morphology and place.