Mesopotamia Environmental Journal

Monthly sample collection in ten studied sites foralgal species composition in five artificial ponds in main parks within Erbil city was carried out fromAugust 2015 to April 2016. A total of 163 algal species belong to 69 genera, 41 families, 23 orders and 7 divisions were identified. The dominant division was Chlorophyta with 61 species (37.42%), followed by Bacillariophyta with 46 species (28.22%), Cyanophyta with 35 species (21.47%), Euglenophyta with 13 species (7.98%), Cryptophyta with 4 species (2.45%) and each ofPyrrophyta and Chrysophyta was with two species(1.23%).Thedominant species among the non- diatoms were Scenedesmus, Cosmarium, and Oscillatoria, while among the diatoms were Cymbella andNitzchia.Among non-diatomsEremosphaeraviridis, Radiococcusnimbatus, Pectodictyoncubicum, Cylindrocystisbrebissonii, Staurastrumpunctulatum,Comariumtenue, Petalomonaspusilla, Petalomonascantuscygni, Entosiphonsulcatum,Tovelliasanguinea, Chroomonasacuta, Chroomonascoerulea, Chilomonas paramecium, Cryptomonasovatawere recorded as a new species to Iraqi algal flora.

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality of 6 wells in Laylan area and its related areas. The temperature of water, air, electrical conductivity , total number of bacteria, coli forms and fecal coli forms were evaluated in Laylan, Yihyawa, Haji Metab, Tuba Lu and the village of Badawa, The samples were collected from November 2016 until June 2017 by one sample per month for each site. The result of the study were for most factors within the permissible limit for drinking water and ranged from 0.00 to 0.99 naphthalene. The temperature of the air values ranged from 9 to 41 m and water temperature ranged from 21 to 24 m, and the values of electrical conductivity ranged between (444-1630) microsments /cm . The total number of air bacteria ranged from (60-230) cells /ml, and the values of total colon and coli form values were lower cell/100ml.

AgCl–ZnO nanocomposites were successfully prepared by usingsimple one-pot refluxing method.TheseNanocomposites were preparedand characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy.Photocatalyticactivityof nanocomposites were evaluated in the degradation of cobalt amine dye (used as model pollutant) in aqueous solution under solar light and atmospheric oxygen. The decolorization efficiency of cobalt amine on the surface of nanocomposite and solar light in presence of atmospheric oxygen is about 93.2%.Influence of various operational parameters on the degradation reaction was studied and the results were discussed. The mechanism of ZnO-AgClnanocompositeillumination to produce oxidizing species and the effect of these species on the photodegradation activity in aqueous solution was suggested.

(Eichhornia crassipes) is herps had develop a serious environmental problem in Iraq. it contributes to the major part of ecological hazards from the invasion of foreign plant species . Allelopathy interactions are based primarily on the production of secondary chemicals by higher plants that produce a wide array of biochemical compounds that create biological changes , therefore, this herb was growthen in the (4 basine) with the addition of a quantity of water (Calotropis procer ) to each basin and added a quantity of the treated plant ( 45 cm × 82 cm ) in the form of powder. The results were observed externally through the descriptive description and internally through the biological indicators in the herb of the Nile During the seven days of growth and follow-up .. The most effective concentrations in controlling the growth of herb Nile is the second (20 mg/L) where the results were prominent and excellent in this concentration.

Thisstudyexaminedtheimpactofclimaticfactorsonthedistributionandprevalenceofsome traceelementsinsamplesofdustfalloutfromareasneartheoilrefineryinShaibahareainthe provinceofBasrah/ Iraq.Thefallendustcollectedbyspecialcontainers monthly betweenJune2011andNovember2012.Thetrice metals(Ni,Cd,Pb,andCr) a n d i t s w e i g h t wereestimatedinthesesamples. The results showedthatnosignificantdifferencesinDWconcentration amongthe stations, both Cr and Pb have dominated in all stations but at St2 and St5 the Ni and Pb have the highest percentage. Lead, chromium and cadmium contamination may be coming from other areas as well as pollution locally due to high prevalence at all locations, while nickel appears locally polluted due to its high rates at only two stations. thehighestamountofdustfallinginautumnwasreached a t (20.51 g/m2),followedbyWinterat (15.85g/m2), Springat (14.93g/m2)andSummer at (11.15g/m2). ThePbconcentrationshavethehighestmean(14.70mg/m3)in the winter, whereasCr (7.91mg/m3)in the summer. There isnosignificantdifferenceinconcentrationofCd,Niand Pb among seasons; however, Cr has significant differences among seasons.

A new chromogenic reagent [ 4-(6-Nitro-2-benzothiazolylazo)pyrogallol] (6-NO2BTAPY), was synthesized by diazo coupling of(2-amino-6-nitro benzothiazol) (2-ANO2BT) with pyrogallol, and used for the spectrophotometric determination of vanadium (V).This method was simple, sensitive, selective and rapid for reaction between V5+ and (6-NO2BTAPY),to form a pink complex having a molar ratio of (1:2) (V-6-NO2BTAPY) at pH 6.0. The molar absorptivity of the complex was 0.2279×104 L.mol-1 cm-1 at  max 490 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of (0.1–10) ppm of vanadium ,and the stability constant was found to be 3.4 × 108 L2.mol-2. The relative standard deviation for seventh replicate measurements ,recovery ,and relative error values of this method were found to be 2.5712,10.3, and3 respectively . The interference of foreign ions was also investigated. All the other ions studied did not interfere with vanadium determination except for Cr3+ , Cu2+,Co2+,Ni2+, Zn2+ , and pb2+. The interferences were eliminated approximately using suitable masking agent .

Water quality of natural lotic systems became important due to the water scarcity in most regions. This study conducted to assessment of water quality of the Diyala river as one of the Tigris river tributaries for the period from for four seasons. Three sites were selected along the river and eight environmental factors were chosen for this purpose as follow: water temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demands, total alkalinity, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. The results showed that the river water quality ranged from poor to marginal for the protection of aquatic life.

Benzo(a)Pyrene is one of the most important environmental contaminants belongs to high molecular PAHs and listed by USEPA as priority pollutant. It has attracted wide interest due to its carcinogenic activity. In order to isolate and diagnose bacterial species that possess the ability to utilise BaP in Mineral Basal Salt Medium (MBSM), Soil samples were collected from the oil contaminated soils from automobile workshop (washing and greasing cars) sites in Kirkuk city. Iinitial diagnosis of bacterial isolates was done rotine method in addition of Vitek 2 compact system to get quick results and prescription in bacterial isolates identification. The results showed eight bacterial species as follows: Pseudomonas mendocina, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter cloacae, Cupriavidus pauculus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pantoea spp, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Comamonas testosterone. Anew bacterial genera were recorded in the present study including Cupriavidus pauculus, Pantoea sp, Cupriavidus pauculus and Comamonas testosteroni have the ability to utilize BaP as the only source of carbon and energy. The results of experimental culture to determine CFU/ml of each bacterial isolate referred to highest CFU/ml was recorded for Enterobacter cloacae (2.96×1026 CFU/ml) indicating the highest growth followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (2.92×1024 CFU/ml). There was linear increase in number CFU of cells with increase the incubation time (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days). On the day 32 incubation about 74.67% and 67.48 % of BaP were utilize by both E. cloacae and K. pneumonia respectively.