Mesopotamia Environmental Journal

outdoor temperature variation to month’s changeshave been shown to affect blood pressure (BP) in adults. The aim of present study was to indicate whether BP value in collegian young women were influenced by environmental outdoor temperature. This study was carried out in academic year (2014- 2015) in Science College for women .The population of this study were composed of 120 women ,age ranged (18-28yrs) who followed for six months whereas BP routinely measured during (October- November)months, and through (December-January)months as well as in(February - march )months. The height and body weight were measured for subjects and the body mass index (BMI)was calculated, data analysis were carried out on SPSS software package(version 18),data are expressed mean±SD, a NOVA test used and p value > 0.05 were considered statistically significant, post hoc test was applied to multiple comparison among subjects to determine if any statistical difference in blood pressure whether systolic blood pressure(SBP) or diastolic blood pressure(DBP) based on environmental outdoor temperature or on BMI variation. The data of SBP and DBP based on variation of outdoor temperature through the months exhibited there were highly significant increase in systolic pressure (115.4±13.5mmHg)during cold months compared with the worm temperature months at significant difference ( p<0.005) as well there were highly significant increase (p<0.05) in systolic pressure in moderate temperature months (February-march) versus in the worm temperature months , but there were non-significant difference in mean of systolic blood pressure between thecold and moderate temperaturemonths. The mean of DBP showed a highly significant increase (p>0.05) in cold temperature month (80.7±1.5mmHg) compared with hot temperature month but there non-significant difference in the mean of DBP (78.6±9.7mmHg), (77.3±4.5mmHg) for women between worm and moderate temperature months respectively. The results of multiple comparison of BP across BMI variation among the months study showed that overweight subjects have higher significant mean of SBP than normal and underweight subjects in moderate temperature (February-march) months, while normal weight subjects exhibited highly increase in SBP versus those women in underweight group in higher temperature months(October-November)months, but the subjects with normal weight exhibited highly increase in DBP(77.2±9.3 mmHg) versus those obese and underweight women (66.8±5.2 mmHg), (70.4±9.8 mmHg) respectively in low temperature months Thus, the blood pressure in young normotensive women was not only affected by the variation in the outdoor temperature of the air during the months study but there could be other influenced factors like BMI, life style, nutrition pattern and emotional stress status.

Eagle ray Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) was recorded for the first time in Shatt Al- Basra canal, south of Iraq. The Sample was collected by gill net in May 2016. Disc width of specimen is 280 mm and disc length 185 mm. The specimen is characterized by the long snout, the broad disc, the dorsal fin between pelvic fins, spiracles on the dorsal side of the disc, no any spots on the its dorsal side of the disc, the deeply notched nasal curtain and the single row of teeth in each jaw.

To assess serum zinc , copper, and magnesium level in type 2 - diabetic patients and the effect of age , gender, glycemic control on these trace elements in comparison with those of control subjects. There were 45diabetic patients and 45 age matched non- diabetic ( control) subjects included in this study .Serum zinc , serum magnesium and serum copper and fasting blood sugar measured among the diabetic and control groups and association of both trace elements were assessed with glycemic status , age, gender of diabetes , using SPSS for analysis. The result show the significantly decreased levels of Zn and Mg , whereas increased levels of Cu(p<0.001) in type 2 DM patients when compared to control groups. There was no association of age , gender glycemic status. We suggest that evaluate the above trace elements in early stage of diabetes , otherwise it may contribute in the development of further vascular complications in diabetes mellitus.

Aim of this research is theoretical investigation of the electronic transfer through the dye-semiconductor contacts solar cell devices according to the calculation the electronic transfer rate constant. Postulate of quantum mechanics is using to estimation the reorientation energy, effective free energy and rate constant at coumarin– TiO2and coumarin–ZnOsystems. Theoretical results using to discussion the benefit of using the solar cell on the environmental depending on the calculation the electronic transfer rate cross system and that’s indicate the electric properties of solar cell and efficiency to using at cleaning electric power sources. Electronic transfer rate constant is calculated depending on the estimation of the reorientation energy ,effective free energy , unit cell volume , penetration coefficient ,square overlapping coefficient,and temperature using a MATLAB designed program . In both coumarin–TiO2and coumarin–ZnOsystems, the electronic transfer rate are increases with increases the reorientation energy and increases with effective free energy predictions.

The purpose of this paper is to use geographic information systems (GIS) mapped the distribution of cancer cases in the Babylon governorate The Cases were examined with the data, including the patient’s sex, age, address, The addresses of confirmed cancer cases recorded from 2009 to 2013. It was found Babylon governorate have shown that there are high rates of cancer in each of the town Mahaweel and Alkifil between 2009-2013.

The current study aims to investigate the effect of manganese poisoning on the histological structure of testis. The experimental were conducted on (15) male adult Swiss mice of Balb/ C strain ,which were randomly divided into three groups between control and treatment groups. The animals had been given manganese chloride orally in concentration (50,100) ppm for 30 days ,while the control group have been given distal water for same time period. The animals were killed after (48) hours from finished of treatment ,the animals are weighted and the testis was removed ,weighted ,processed for histological study. The results reveal significant differences when comparison between the experimental and control groups as follow : Non significant decrease in body weight with concentration which used in current study .  A high significant decrease(p<0,01) in testis weight with increase Mncl2 concentration. A high significant decrease(p<0,01)in seminiferous tubules diameter in group treatment with (50) ppm while no- significant decrease in group treatment with (100)ppm. significant decrease at different levels in cell of spermatogenesis (Spermatogonia ,Spermatocyte ,Spermatide ) as well as sertoli cell. There is histological changes include damage in walls and cells of tubules , odema ,blood vessels and degeneration of spermatogenesis.

This study is the first in Iraq, in which using Al-Ankabut's home extract as antibacterial biomaterial. Different solvents were used to extract Al-Ankabut's home (distilled water, ethanol and acetone). These extracts were examined to determination of antibacterial activity against pathogen bacteria. The results of the present study shows the acetone extract has effective antibacterial activities on the test isolates as indicated by the diameter of their zone of inhibition. The inhibition zone was 12 mm for Enterobacter cloacae, 8 mm for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 10 mm for Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis, 14 mm for Bacillus subtilis, 16 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, and 12 mm for Streptococcus spp. The antimicrobial activity of distil water extract and ethanol extract of Al-Ankabut's home has no effect against tested isolates. The antimicrobial activity of distil water extract and ethanol extract of Al-Ankabut's home has no effect against tested isolates. The results of the effect of different concentration of acetone extract of the Ankabut's home against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria shows the best concentration was 40 mg/ml, the inhibition zone was 12 mm for all Gram negative isolates. The inhibition zone was 14 mm for Enterobacter cloacae, 12 mm for Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus spp., 17mm for Staphylococcus aureus. Whereas the 10 mg/ml concentration gives the lowest effect, the inhibition zone was 8 mm for Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus spp. and 10 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. No effect against other Gram negative isolates. The study revealed that the acetone Al- Ankabut's home extract could be as a therapeutic agent for human microbial infections.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the Multi-Drug-Resistant organisms mostfrequently isolated worldwide. And because of a shortage of new antibiotics, bacteriophages are considered an alternative for its treatment. Previously, P. aeruginosa phages were isolatedbest candidates were chosen based on their ability to form clear plaques and their host range. This work aimed to characterize one of those phages and evaluate the antibacterial activity of isolated bacteriophages in laboratory animal . This studywas carried out during the period from June 2015 to January/ 2016. It included used of P.aeruginosa phage samples collected from sewage water.Fourtype of P.aeruginosaphage wereidentified according to genetic study, However, analysis of the P. aeruginosa phages genome revealed that it was show closed related to NCBI-Blast Pseudomonas phage (KU297675.1) and others The local Pseudomonas phage isolates (F2 FF, E1 EF, and F1 FF) were show as unique isolates and different than NCBI-Blast Pseudomonas phage. The results showed the vast diversity of P. aeruginosaphages may be useful in treatment of infection with antibiotic resistant bacteria.We studied the biological activity of P.aeruginosa phage isolate in the burned Rabbits model.The result showedresponsible for a significant reduction in the bacterial population. The burned mouse model showed an animal survival between 80% and 100%, significantly different from the control animals (0%).All the rabbits completely recovered after 8 days of treatment and showed the absence of signs after 18 days after phage application in treatment.So, considered as a good candidate for phage-therapy.

The transition metal complexes of Cu(II) and Ni(II) were synthesized from the AZo ligand derived from 4- aminoantipyrine , the ligand: 4-((2,4dihydroxyphenyl) diazenyl)- 1,5-dimethyl -2-phenyl -1-H- pyrazol- 3(2H)- one, (DDPPL1) and 4-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl) diazenyl) -1,5-dimethyl -2-phenyl -1-H- pyrazol- 3(2H)- one, (HDPPL2).The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized from their melting point, infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy. The biological activity also was investigated against eight bacterial samples including: Streptococcus pyogenesand Staphylococcus aureus(Gram Positive Bacteria)and Escherichia coli , K.lebsiella pneumonia , proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Acinetobacterbaumannii and Vibrio cholera (Gram Negative Bacteria). The metal complexes were showed higher antibacterial activity compared to the free ligands.

The Endoglin CD105 is a good marker for metastatic in solid tumors . It has a role in angiogenesis process which mediates blood vessels formation. The aim of this study to evaluate CD105 immunoexpressions in bladder tumors, and to determine its relation with clinico-pathological grades in patients with UBC . The study included 50 biopsies from patients with urinary bladder carcinoma (UBC) and 15- benign bladder biopsies from patients with other bladder disorders rather than cancer (UBD). CD105 immunostaining was assessed using Envision method . Immunohistochemical (IHC) studying showed that (CD105) proteins were significantly high expressed in UBC compared with UBD patients (80% vs. 33.3 % ; p≤ 0.01) , and there was significant difference in the positive IHC results of this protein in correlation to clinico-pathological grades in UBC patients (p≤ 0.01) . we conclude that CD105 IHC expressionin bladder cancer may be consider as prognostic marker .

Entamoeba gingivalis is a parasitic protozoa of the oral cavity, The E. gingivalis is transferred between humans directly by oral contact or through the common usage of crockery. The infective form is trofozoites.the last studies found relation between E. gingivalis and periodontal disease. In present study collected 30 samples collected from patient with age (21_30) years, result show infection with this parasite 53.3 %. These samples are cultured in TYSGM-9 media, and then treated with garlic (Allium sativum) extract alcoholic and metronidazole which show inhibited growth of parasite at 100 μg/ml.

This study was attempted to find out the prevalence of blaCTX-M gene among carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from upper respiratory tract infections . In total ,100 throat samples were collected from children attending Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Pediatric at a period from November, 2015 to the end of February, 2016 .Fourteenth (14%) isolates were specified as K.pneumoniae, these were screened phenotypically for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production by disk combination method. Nine (64.3%) isolates were found to be screen-positive. ESBL-producing isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The highest rates of resistance were observed for penicillin antibiotics (ampicillin and cloxacillin) with (88.88%) and (77.77%) resistance rate, respectively. The lowest rate for carbapenem antibiotics (imipenem, 11.11% and meropenem, 22.22%). Carbapenem resistant isolates were checked by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for the presence of blaCTX-M , 2 (100%) isolates gave positive result.

The present study aimed to test the ability of P.expansum to producing patulin toxic in some varieties of apples imported which founded in the local markets of the province of Babylon, and studying the molecular characteristics of toxic by using PCR technique and TLC. Results showed that P.expansum was the highest appearance in the red apples imported, which amounted to 80% and has the highest frequency in red apples imported (68.75)% and the lowest frequency in the apple golden yellow imported (17.3)% . There are four isolates of the P.expansum was ability to produce patulin ( B, D, E and F) as the production rate of patulin 90% of the isolates were studied by TLC method, as well as the detection capability isolates fungus to produce patulin by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers (P450, IDHI, G3PDH, MSAS) .The technic of PCR was proved the presence of the gene( IDH) responsible for the production of patulin in four isolates of the P.expansum of the total 13 isolates where it was noted that the gene site has appeared at the base of nitrogen 500 bp also proved the existence of a gene MSAS in 2 isolates at the base of nitrogen 300 bp. As for the G3PDH gene it has been obtained 4 isolates a carrier of the gene, while not prove possession of the fungus isolates the gene P450. It was also investigating the viability of P.expansum isolates toproduced three types of enzymes which Amylase , Protease and Lipase.

The aim of this study was to investigate the study characters of Aeromonas hydrophila on some media +isolated from clinical sources in Hilla city, Iraq. A total of 822 samples were collected from fecal specimens from patients. Samples were collected from rectal swab and from those who suffering from diarrhea. The period of the research was from October 2013 to February 2014 at public health lab, Hilla city. Results of this study revealed that out of 822 fecal samples, 13 isolates (1.58%) were belonged to Aeromonas spp. However, other bacterial isolates belonged to other genera similar to Aeromonas were also recovered. Out of 13 Aeromonas spp., eight A. hydrophila isolates (61.53%) were obtained, while the other isolates were distributed as: four isolates ofA. salmoncidia (30.76%), and one of A. sobria. Isolation and detection of A. salmoncidia species was first recorde in Iraq. The efficacy of routine enteric agars for supporting the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila, MacConkey, and xylose lysinedeoxycholate appeared to be the most satisfactory routine agars for Aeromonas spp. recovery when used inconjunction with blood agar.bacterial isolation showed agood growth of A.hydrophila on TCBS medium .

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between leptin levels and classes of obesity adults, who do not suffer from chronic diseases. This study was performed in department of nutrition at the Murjan teaching hospital / in Babylon province/Iraq, in January 2016. This study included 52 (100%) were patients with obesity ,female were 39(75.0%) and male were 13 (25.0%) for age range from (19-40 years) and mean BMI (32.32 for classes I,36.93 for classes II and 42.15 for class III). Correlation analysis showed that a significant positive correlate (y = 35.71+1.43*BMI, r = 0.65, P = 0.03) between classes III of obesity depending on BMI and leptin levels ,while the results found there was no significant correlation between classes I and II and leptin levels.

The influence of the activation methods acidic or (wet method) and thermal (or dry method) on removal efficiency of textile dyes (Congo red and methylene blue) comparing with the sample non activation adsorbents. The results showed increasing in the removal percentage of two dyes, for both used activation methods (acidic and thermal) comparing with the sample non activation adsorbents with progress contact time. At the same time the dry activation was mor active then the wet activation for both dyes, as show in the results the removal Congo red dye efficiency was 81.3% for non-actiation, 87.7% for acidic activation, 96% for thermal activation. the removal methylene blue dye efficiency was 72% for non- actiation, 90.9% for acidic activation, 96.6% for thermal activation.

This study focused on monthly densities of planktonic crustaceans (cladocera and copepeda) in Hilla River, as well as their relationship with some physical and chemical factors at 3 sites for the period from May 2015 to April 2016 . In present study the water temperature ranged from (12 to 32.6) oC in summer and winter at sites 1 and 2, respectively ,the pH values were on the alkaline side with ranged from(6.55 to 8.1) in summer and spring at sites 1 and 3 respectively ,the Turbidity range from (2.70 to 31.44) NTU in summer and winter at sites 1 and 2 respectively, Electrical conductivity (EC) values changed from (500 to 1810) μS.cm-1 in winter and summer at sites 1and 2 respectively, the dissolved oxygen(DO)values varied from (4.77 to 11.51) mg/l in summer and autumn at site 2 and 3, respectively , Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) ranged from (1.5 to 6.1) mg/l in winter and summer at site 1 and 2 respectively, Nitrate changed from(5.71 to120.11) μgm atN-NO3. L-1 in summer and winter at site 1 and 2 respectively, Phosphate varied from(0.12 to 9.5 ) μgm atP-PO4. L-1 in autumn and winter at site 3 and 2 respectively. The total crustacean densities showed seasonally and locally significant differences between sampling periods, with higher densities 2050 Ind/m3 in spring at site 1 while lowest densities150 Ind/m3 in the winter at site 2 with recorded a positive significant relationship with water temperature (r= 0.66, p<0.05) and negative significant relationship with each of the BOD, Turbidity, Nitrate and Phosphate (r=- 0.55,r= - 0.58, r= - 0.64, r= - 0.62,P<0.05) respectively. In present study 25 taxa of crustacean were identified and distributed between 16 taxa belong to cladocera and 9 taxa to copepada ,the highest number of Cladoceran 1900 Ind/m3 in spring at site 1 and the lowest number 100 Ind/m3 in winter season at site 2 with recorded a positive significant relationship only with pH (r= 0.66, p<0.05) and negative correlation with each of the Turbidity, Nitrate and phosphate.(r = 0.61, r = - 0.59, r = - 0.63, p<0.05). respectively, the Chydorus sphaericus was the most abundant cladocera species and its peak was observed in spring. The highest number of copepod 850 Ind/m3 was recorded in summer at site 3 and the lowest number 100 Ind/m3 in winter at site 2, with a positive significant relationship with water temperature, BOD and EC (r = 0.65, r = 0.66, r = 0.64, p<0.05) respectively while recorded negative significant with DO ( r= - 0.63,P<0.05) the Nauplii was found as the most abundant copepoda taxa and its peak was observed in summer season .

This study used 5 microsatellites to determinate genetic diversity among sixty five date palm cultivars, profile of all of these by separated Simple Sequence Repeat SSR-PCR products on the gel electrophoresis either one band (homozygous) or two bands (heterozygous) were revealed for each primer based on the types of microsatellite loci. And Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism RFLP- PCR products separated on the gel acrylamide. The results in this study revealed that the total number of allele with 5 microsatellites was 95 alleles, average of amplified bands was 66 bands and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 77%. The results of matrix revealed the similarity between date palm cultivars with SSR primers represented by the highest distance was (1.2371) between (Smeasmi) and (Sabb Drrah), that means no similarity with them cultivars, while the lowest degree of distance was (zero), which represented no distance between cultivars were, (Shwethi) and (Maktom), that means presence of similarity between them. Genetic relationships among twenty four date palm cultivars estimated by SSR primers from unweighted pair-group method (UPGMA) dendrogram. Another wise this study used universal primers internal transcribed 2. spacer ITS Forward and ITS Reverse, The analysis was performed to reveal varieties fingerprinting with the Sultana, Sukkary and Maktom cultivars that mean number of fingerprinting was 3.The results of RFLP in this study revealed that the total number of amplified bands were 48 bands and the percentage of polymorphic bands were 100%.