Mesopotamia Environmental Journal

The concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, chrome, Iron, manganese, nickel, lead and Zink) in several parts of body (muscles, liver, ovaries, intestine, and gills) of Scomberoides commersonnianus hunted from Shatt Al-Arab estuary were studied. Metal concentrations were measured by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the highest values were recorded for Iron (3422.931) μg/g (dry weight); the least concentration was for lead (2.179) μg/g (dry weight). nickel, cadmium, manganese, zink, copper and chrome recorded (6.7, 20.81, 27.51, 325.5,327.799, 1078.37) μg/g respectively. The results showed that fish body parts that accumulated the metals were as follows; liver, gills, intestine, muscles and ovaries whereas the sequence of metals in fish body was as follows; Iron, chrome, copper, Zink, manganese, cadmium, nickel and lead. It was the order of the seasons in the concentration of elements as follows autumn, spring, winter, summer.

The natural food content for three marine species of fish from Iraqi marine waters studied during the period from January to December 2017. The samples of Planiliza subviridis, Tenualosa ilisha and Acanthopagrus arabicus were monthly collected. The biologic measurements were taken for total length (cm) and body weight (g), the stomachs fullness degree and selectivity were studied by determining the percentage of fullness degree according to the preparation of the catching fishes. The total length rates of fish were studied during the period of the study (18.6), (18.7) and (19.9) cm and with a weight rates (58.6), (58.6) and (76.1) g respectively. The highest degree of stomach fullness recorded during the spring, while the lowest in autumn and winter. The study showed that organic detritus of P. subviridis formed 31.40% of food contents, whereas T. ilisha was filter feeder fish the plankton included 32.44% and 32.33% for animal components, A. arabicus was carnivores fish the animal resources formed 55>87%. The values of dietary selectivity of fish in their environment varied according to dietary enrichment, fish feeding activity and environmental temperature.

This work incorporates phytoplankton decent variety and its physicochemical properties in Tigris river with various conditions, for example, (Temperature of water and air, pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), water flow, Light Penetration, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total alkalinity, hardness, calcium, magnesium, and micronutrients. During the study period in Al- Gheraiat area, there were 199 species of phytoplankton; diatoms were the most common. Their growing peak was in spring 2017 comparing to summer and autumn 2016. Water quality, understudy, was arranged according to Shannon and Winner’s index in addition to Palmer’s Pollution index. The quality of the river water has been proved to be of moderate pollution according to Shannon and Winner’s index and of high organic pollution according to Palmer’s Pollution index.

The process of the biological removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewater that carried out in two stages and includes both nitrification and de-nitrification. Nitrification carried out under aerobic conditions using nitrosamines, which convert ammonia to nitrite. This unstable compound quickly converted to nitrate by nitrobacterium bacteria. This paper details the treatment of real domestic waste water from Al-Musayyib city, Babylon by conducting a laboratory scale batch reactor with different input samples and a variety of cycle times (6, 7, 7.5, 10 and 15 hours). The exploratory outcomes investigated for the detailing of a bolster forward, back-engendering, fake neural system (ANN) to foresee the proficiency of the consolidated expulsion of NO3, and NH3. ANN displaying did utilizing MATLAB's neural system tool compartment and SPSS programming. The removal efficiency of Nitrate (NO3-N) increased when the anaerobic time (AN) of cycles increased, while the removal efficiency of Ammonia (NH3-N) increased when the aerobic time (A) of cycles increased. Removal rates were between 88 and 97.5% for Nitrate (NO3-N), 12.8 and 87.3 % for Ammonia (NH3-N). As per the outcomes, this sort of treatment can utilized to expel nitrogen mixes from local wastewater and for different circumstances where the release is moderately low or temperamental.

Three sites within Babylon Province were chosen to study the Ecology of both Aeluropus lagopoides & Juncus acutus during period from Fab.2012 to Jan 2013. Environmental factors including air and soil temperatures, wend speed, dew point, sun light intensity, pH, and EC of the soil were recorded seasonally. Biochemical response of both halophytes to the environmental factors were studied, which included total chlorophyll, total sugar, total protein , total content of humidity and proline. Results showed that both studied halophytes can tolerant threat environmental factors biochemically.

Crude oil polluted soil was treated with bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi Penicillium expansum. The results of physical and chemical analysis of soil revealed that soil was sandy loam, slightly alkaline pH, moisture content of polluted soil was less than that of unpolluted soil. Augmentation teqnique was applied by inoculating polluted soil with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria and Penicillium expansum fungi. Results revealed that total CFU count of bacteria was increased while total CFU fungal count was decreased after two months. PAHs concentrations were decreased gradually during two months, results showed a complete removal of many compounds after the treatment with bacteria while fungi was not effective.

The removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by as egg shell was investigated in the present study. The adsorbent behavior of metal ions on the resin was investigated depending on contact time, pH, resin dosage, and initial metal concentration. The adsorption process depending on pH shows maximum removal of metal ions at a pH of 6 for egg shell for initial metal ion concentrations of 1.33 mg/l, with resin dose of 20 g and the equilibrium time was reached in 105 minute. The results indicate that egg shell can be used as an efficient adsorption material for removal of heavy metal ions from waste water. Application of this model was described by the equations of Langmuir, Frendlich and Elvich isotherm, Frendlich isotherm model provided best correlation compared with other isotherm models.