DIYALA JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES

TheRapid progress incommunications and wireless technology, especially in mobile computing, resulted in wide area of development in design, control and simulation of protocols that managethe wireless network. In this paper, asoftware simulator package has been designed, implemented and analyzed to simulate Internet Mobile Host Protocol (IMHP), Multicast Routing Protocol (MRP) and Handoff operation, which feature both route optimization and integrated authentication ofall management packets. The simulator coverage area includes three extendable subnets(LANs) with ten mobilehosts moving either randomly or manually over the network. The moving hosts have the ability of entering or leaving the network at any time. The designed simulator simulates all the predicted eventsthat practically associated with mobile computing operation. In addition, the simulator stands forother events such as the rebooting or crashing in the network elements. The simulated protocols are tested in terms of the speed of implementation, which computed throughout the designed simulator operation for both IMHP and MRP protocols. Also the effect of Handoff process on the mobile protocols implementation has been tested. The obtained results showed that the short cut route exhibits the fastest speed of implementation. VisualBasicprogramming language has been used in the design of this simulator

Fractional order PID (FOPID) controller is a special kind of PID controller whose derivative and integral orderare fractional rather than integer which has five parameters to be tuned. This paper presents study of the implementation of tuning method and performance enhancement of the closed loop system by use of the fractional order PID (PIλDμ) controller utilizing a MATLAB/Simulink.The tuning methods for these type controllers have many mixed tools of the availableoptimization methods and update artificial optimization methods in the design. In this paper particle swarm optimization has been implemented to design FOPID controller in which the unknown parameters are determined minimizing a given integral of time weighted absolute error (ITAE). The main specification of this paper is that the all five parameters of (PIλDμ) have been found directly without spreading the steps. It has been shown that the response and performance of the closed loop system with FOPID controller is much better than integer order PID controller for the same system and with better robustness.

n this work, uniform Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature sensor system were implemented and investigated due to measurement of the Bragg wavelength shift. An (FBG) is an optical fiber in which the refractive index in the core is perturbed by Germanium, forming a periodic index modulation profile. When light is guided through a fiber granting, it is scattered at each diffraction plane, except at those wavelengths which satisfy the Bragg resonance conditionAn important application of FBG technology is sensing. The reflected wavelength from the FBG depends on physical properties such as temperature. By integration the FBG with broadband light, the shift in peak reflectivity wavelength can be used as a measure for the temperature. It has been shown from the results that the FBG is very sensitive to variations in temperature degrees and the sensitivity was(1pm/0.1°C), also observed from the results, the relation between the shifted Bragg wavelength and temperature degrees was linear

Corona Discharge have been recorded in pin-to pin electrode at gas pressure gaps with high degree of non-uniformity electric field .For a wide range of experimental applicability the pin to pin electrode was used over pressure range from 1bar to 3bar and gap spacing from 0 to 5mm.High –pressure dc corona discharge experiments have been carried out in a 16cm long glass chamber with an inner diameter and outer diameter are 16.8cm,and 19cmrespectively. Corona onset voltage and breakdown voltages were reached. The design considerations ofthe setup allow to use pin to pin electrode type geometries .Electronegative gases such as air, Freon (R22), were separately used for low temperature corona generation. The experiments have been carried out under ambient Laboratory conditions of temperature (19-24 o C), and humidity. The present experiment were studies the relation between the (V-P) and (V-d), on other hand, we study the relation between the current and applied voltage

Nowadays, voice is one of the methods commonly used to control the electrical and electronic appliances because of easily being reproduced by human. Many people with disabilities do not have the dexterity necessary to control a joystick on an electrical wheelchair, so the aim of this study is to control access to voice services and to implement a wheelchair using small vocabulary word recognition system.The HM2007 IC serves as the ear that will listen and interpret the voice command, while the PIC18F458 serve as the brain of the system that will process and coordinate the correct output of the input command to control the wheelchair motors. The methodology adopted is speech recognition development for isolated word from independent speakers where any speaker has two different sentences first for training and the second for testing to release the operation. The input of the system is a set of pick up five words used to control the movements of two motors connected to PIC 18F458 which is used as a programmable and controllable device, the speed of the motors is adjusted using the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) technique where the duty cycle is simultaneously varied according to input switching device.For more efficient design, the system can worked in worst condition that could be achieved in noisy environment with different signal to noise ratios, besides that the electric power supply can utilize the solar cells. Finally, the proposed system is implemented and tested upon a data base consists of ten speakers (6 males and 4 females) and its performance rises the algorithm efficiency and reduce the execution time with 97% noiseless overall accuracy

Soil replacement technique is not a new method to improve a soil stratum possessing poor strength properties. Before, such a problem of facing a location with weak soil properties is simply solved by changing that spot of estate by another one. Nowadays, such a proposal is no longer valid as a solution since the finance of real estates is rising considerably so that altering a location to the favor of other is not a choice. Calcareous soils are soils rich of calcium carbonate which occur manly in the semiarid subtropics for both hemispheres. This soil is one of the famous collapsible soils similar to the well-known gypseous soils. It has very good strength properties when dry, but once wetted it undergoes large and almost instantaneous settlement, potentialcollapse of productivity, even if there is no additional load applied on it. This research is concerned in studying the effect of soil replacement technique in reducing collapse settlement. A laboratory prototype model is used in study using SW soil mixedwith different percentages of calcium carbonates, and gradual replacement of calcareous soil with sand is carried out in terms of width of footing B. Each model is leached for continuous seven days, and time-settlement data are recorded. This is done again for different percentages of calcium carbonate ratios mixed with sand. Laboratory tests revealed that the degree of improvement in terms of settlement for replacing B/2 depth by sand is 0.36 (B is footing width), that for replacing B is 0.65, for replacing 2B is 0.88, and for replacing 3B is 0.92. The amount of CaCO3in soil does not affect the degree of improvement observed. An empirical formula is derived using finite differences for relating degree of improvement with depth of soil to be replaced

This paper compares the corrosion behavior of Al2O3coatingsproducedby Electrophoretic technique to Nano-sized alumina coatings on aluminum alloy surfaces by using a well dispersed stable suspension produced by addition of Al2O3powder plus a small amount of water and iodine to ethanol. Electrophoretic deposition for (2,3,4 and 5) min at (50-60) V resulted in formation of a uniformly dense film on the top, Themaximumdefect-freesinteredthicknessbyEPDallowedustoobtaincoatingsasthickas7μm.Theprotectivebehavioragainstcorrosionandthecorrosionkineticsoftheproducedfilmswerestudiedthroughpolarizationresistance(PR)measurementsinaggressivemedia(seawater).Thecorrosionresistancewith sinteringto 400C° with 2hours holding timehas decreased the corrosion current density (about 32μAcm2) when comparedcoatings withoutsintering forcoatingsproducedbyEPD.Moreover,aluminacoatingspresentanexcellentresistanceinseawater.AFMobservationssuggestthatcoatingsproducedbyEPDarehomogeneousanddefect-free. TheaimofthisworkhasbeentopreparethickAl2O3 coatingsdeposited by EPD inordertoincreasethecorrosionresistance of aluminum substrates. Thecorrosionresistanceofthecoatingshasbeenevaluatedthroughelectrochemicalmethodsasafunctionofdifferentprocessingparameters:finalthicknessofthecoating,appliedvoltage,anddepositiontime.

The use of multiple transmit and receive antennas (MIMO system) is widely accepted in recent years, as a promising technology for future wireless communication, to achieve higher data rates independently of transmission power and bandwidth, with improve system reliability through increasing diversity.This research presents the design and implementation of a multiple antenna wireless communications system using Xilinx Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) .The proposed design based on Alamouti’s transmit diversity scheme which is a space-time block code (STBC)with two transmit antennas and an arbitrary number of receive antennas. The implementation demonstrates the space-time code in a baseband system with two antennas for transmitter and receiver. The encoding and decoding algorithms are implemented using VHDL, Spartan 3A /3AN is used to implement transmitter part, where the Virtex2P is used to complete the receiver part design theoretically. Finally the design MIMO systems are implemented successfully

The prediction of different hydrological phenomenon (or system) plays an increasing role in the management of water resources. As engineers; it is required to predict the component of natural reservoirs’ inflow for numerous purposes. Resulting prediction techniques vary with the potential purpose, characteristics, and documented data. The best prediction method is of interest of experts to overcome the uncertainty, because the most hydrological parameters are subjected to the uncertainty. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach has adopted in this paper to predict Hemren reservoir inflow. Available data including monthly discharge supplied from DerbendiKhan reservoir and rain fall intensity falling on the intermediate catchment area between Hemren-DerbendiKhan dams were used.A Back Propagation (LMBP) algorithm (Levenberg-Marquardt) has been utilized to construct the ANN models. For the developed ANN model, different networks with different numbers of neurons and layers were evaluated. A total of 24 years of historical data for interval from 1980 to 2004 were used to train and test the networks. The optimum ANN network with 3 inputs, 40 neurons in both two hidden layers and one output was selected. Mean Squared Error (MSE) and the Correlation Coefficient (CC) were employed to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. The network was trained and converged at MSE = 0.027 by using training data subjected to early stopping approach. The network could forecast the testing data set with the accuracy of MSE = 0.031. Training and testing process showed the correlation coefficient of 0.97 and 0.77 respectively and this is refer to a high precision of that prediction technique

A program in Visual Basic was designed and used to design D.C generators. The variables and constants of design were chosen within certain limits to reach optimum design such as: Main dimensions, efficiency, power, windings .....etc. Some packages were used to assist the main program such as Grapher and excel programs. The designs results consist of 69items cover all the design needs

This research investigates manufacturing of Porcelain samples by using Dwekhla Kaolin, Ardumaglass sand, Potassium Feldspar in addition to add some Alumina. Alumina is considered as one of the most significant components that can be used to improve the physical properties of ceramic components which is the main aim of this study. Samples have been formed by using semi dry compressing then, they have been sintered at 1300 oC. The study shows that by adding Alumina the Porcelain product properties have improved up 18% of the added Alumina percentage. By increasing the percentage more than 18%, as the study shows, the productproperties began to drop, because Alumina forms feldspar liquid phase, but increasing the amount of Alumina more than 18% leads to keep some of it (Alumina) un melted , because it needs a high sintering temperatur

The aim of the study was to using of bacteria to self-healing of cracks in concrete, and this study wasthe first of its kind in Iraq.This study used bacteria Bacillus Subtilisisolated from agricultural soils and dry soil, and has the cultivation and development in the selective mediumSR-20, underwent tests, biochemical and diagnose bacteria and according to the (Bergys Manual & Medical Bacteria), where conducted laboratory tests preliminary to know the ability of these bacteria to address cracks concrete in terms of their ability to withstand factors existing in the form of concrete, including the pH baseband through development in the selective medium SR-20 with a pH baseband (PH=10),and tolerance of salinity when planted in the precipitation medium SM-7 containing chloride Calcium, also was testing Preparation Material treat cracks for the deposition of calcium carbonate crystals.The results also showed that the best way to prepare material treat cracks concrete to precipitate calcium carbonate are using the method consisting of silica + bacteria concentration (15×10), where results showed test ultrasound acoustic difference in the time it takes the wave to pass through cracks treatment in the experience of substance treatment consisting of silica + HCl + bacteria concentration (15 × 10), and the time it takes the wave to pass through the cracks of treatment in the experience of substance treatment consisting of silica + bacteria concentration (15 × 10), where results showed that Article therapy were completely rigid in the last test.The test results also showed scanning electron microscopic examination (SEM) create calcium carbonate to treat cracks material consisting of silica + bacteria