Academic Science Journal

Before using any sputtering system, the extent of the operating pressures and voltages must be
known by studying the breakdown curve with the product of the working pressure times the
inter electrode distance. In this paper, argon breakdown by dc electrical potentials was
experimentally studied. Paschen curves for argon gas were obtained by measuring the
breakdown voltage of argon using gold target. These curves display that the breakdown
voltage in Ar gas between two planer electrodes comparable with (P. d). The I-V
characteristics of the plasma discharge point to that the discharge is working in the abnormal
glow region.

The theoretical study of ion ranges and stopping powers of (60-250) MeV protons from medical
cyclotron on Havar and Bronze alloys have been carried out by SRIM Computer Code. It is
shown that the results are nearly the same for both alloys. The sputtering of Havar and Bronze
alloys bombarded by (60-250) MeV protons was also calculated by Anderson Model. The
results show that the sputtering yield from Bronze alloy is larger than that of Havar alloy, which
indicates that the survival treating time for Havar alloy is greater than that of Bronze alloy.
From this study, we concluded that Havar alloy is preferred alloy for manufacturing the nozzle
system, in addition to the physical properties of Havar alloy that has high melting point and
high modulus of elasticity, which allows easy formation of nozzle system in various forms and
different volumes according to required usage treatment, in contrary to Bronze alloy.
This study is the tool to indicate the preferable alloy used in manufacturing the treating nozzle
system for proton therapy which lasts longer in use and saves effort and money.

The present study is focused upon the sedimentology and basin development of the Serikagni
and Dhiban Formations by using the field observations and microfacies analysis. The area of
study situated in the Zurbatiyah area to the south of the Shur sharin valley about 21 km
northeast of Badrah city to the southeast of Baghdad. This area lies within the Zagros foreland
basin and located between the Zagros Mountains at the northeastern and the Arabian shield at
the southeastern.

This search includes preparation of Schiff Bases (R1 - R4) from the reaction 2, 4- diamino-5
(3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzyl) pyrimidine with some of aromatic aldehydes. Then preparation the
compounds of tetracyclic ring as derivatives of 1, 1- (3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidine-2,
4 diyl) bis (3-chloro-4-(substituted phenyl) azetidin-2-one) (R5-R8), from reaction of Schiff
bases (R1-R4) with chloro acetyl chloride in presence of tri ethyl amine in 1, 4-dioxane. And
also, preparation of hexacyclic as derivatives 3, 3-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidine
2,4diyl)-bis(2(substitutedphenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4 (1H) one) (R9-R12) with 2-amino
benzoic acid by using 1, 4- dioxane as a solvent. The structure of the synthesized compounds
was confirmed by (I.R) and (1H-NMR) spectrum, as well as, the physical means such color
and melting point, the biological activity was studied against of some kind of bacteria.

This research refers to the use of nanoparticles Zinc oxide (ZnO) in the removal of Eosin dye
from aqueous solution by batch method. ZnO nanoparticles was characterized by using X
ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscope
(AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method.
Optimum conditions for adsorption such as contact time, adsorbent dose, dye concentration,
PH, and effect of temperature were studied. Contact time for the adsorption process was 2h.
Adsorption isotherms been used to test the adsorption data (for Langmuir, Freundlich,
Dubinin, Temkin) as it was fit to Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic functions data such
as (ΔH°, ΔG°, ΔS°) of the adsorption process were calculated, which show the adsorption
exothermic process and this process followed physisorption mechanism. Kinetic data were
fit to pseudo- second order model.

Digital watermarking is the process of embedding data into multimedia such as image, audio,
and video to protect the digital content from counterfeiting and stealing. In this paper, the hybrid
algorithm is proposed by using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform
(DCT) with generation a secret key to determine locations of the cover which used in
embedding and extracting the watermark depended on Kohonen network. The aim of the study
is to achieve higher robustness and imperceptibility by applying more than one transform
domain operation on the host image. The proposed method attempts to choose the best from
discrete wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform techniques based on their individual
suitability to distinct regions in the image. Results have shown that the proposed method
provides images with good quality after embedding the watermark. The efficiency is measured
using PSNR and NC.

The main propose of this paper is to show the assertions of the conclusion proposed in [1]. Here
we introduce new notions in soft set theory such as, strictly convex soft, strongly convex soft
set, strictly concave soft set and strongly convex soft set, also introducing their connections
among them.

The aim of this study is to determine the quality of drinking water in Al-Dura southern Baghdad
City and comparing with the Iraqi standards (IQS) and World Health Organization (WHO)
standards, then calculated by using a quality index which provides a single value to express
overall quality based on twelve variables that were determined during the period between
November 2016 to February 2017, samples were taken from twelve sites. The parameters used:
pH, heavy metals (lead, cadmium and iron), chlorides, total hardness (TH), turbidity, dissolved
oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid (TDS), alkalinity, electrical conductivity (EC) and free
chlorine. The study showed that the range of water quality index for drinking water
are lying between (0-25) and can be classified as an excellent water and Suitable for drinking.

Dung beetle, Aphodius fimetarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera, Aphodiidae) was registered
as a new record from Iraq. The important morphological features are redescribed in this study
and illustrated. The members of the taxon are easily distinguished, where the mandibles are
irregular in shape and bidenticles. The distal part of lacinia membranous is dense with very
short yellow setose. The 4th segment of the maxillary palps is elongated, oval and as long as
the 2nd segment. Antenna is lamellate and consists of nine segments and the; 1st segment is
oval and 2.4 times as long as the 2nd segment. Pronotum is black with yellow angles
anteriorly. The parameres are parallel from the dorsal view, slightly convex laterally, apex
relatively weakly bent and hook like. The whole body and the important parts of the species
were photographed to facilitate the classification process.

In this work, we study and introduce new type of open sets is called ????-open. We characterize
these sets and investigate some of their mainly properties. Further, we present various functions
are associated with ????-open, called ????-open, M ????-open, and weakly ????-open. We also discuss
many characterizations, properties, and relations are discussed. Finally, we study ????????
separation axioms by using ????????-set