Journal of sustainable studies

Joy is mentioned in twenty-two places in the Holy Qur’an, while happiness is mentioned in only four places. There are many types of joy and pleasure in the Qur’an, and the Qur’anic text’s references to this human feeling are varied. I chose the semiotic approach to study the manifestations of joy and happiness in the Holy Qur’an, and I mentioned the reasons that prompted me to do so during the research. Perhaps the most important of these reasons is that the semiotic approach relies in its analysis of texts on precise and solid methodological and scientific foundations, and there is no room for whims in it. It also works to monitor Signs and signs and the way they are organized in the text, after which it is a linguistic component, through the study of the relationship between the signifier and the signified, and this confirms that the semiotic approach is not only biased towards literary language, as it can address many linguistic issues in a scientific and accurate manner. The research was divided into two parts: the first dealt with the study of joy and joy in the Holy Qur’an, while the second section dealt with the study of pleasure in the Qur’an, and each of joy and pleasure had its causes and types indicated by the Qur’anic text.

Grammatical disagreement is a well-known phenomenon in Arabic grammar books, and almost no book, ancient or modern, is devoid of it. Al-Samin Al-Halabi reported the opinions of a large number of grammarians, differing or unanimously agreed upon. He mentioned disagreements between a grammarian and a grammarian from one grammatical school of thought, or between a grammarian from a school of thought and a grammarian. From another school of thought, he mentioned a number of issues of disagreement between the Basrans and Kufans, or issues in which there was consensus between them, and these are brief examples of the types of disagreement: This research dealt with the grammatical opinions of Al-Samin Al-Halabi on controversial issues, and the study of grammatical disagreement plays a major role in establishing grammar rules for scholars, who In turn, it helps to correctly understand the most difficult grammatical issues. The main reason for choosing this research is the presence of a desire in myself to research the subject of grammatical disagreement.

As of the 24th of June in the year 2020, the coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) resulting in more than 0.47 million deaths and infected more than 9.3 million individuals over the planet. The diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 both require imaging tests that are conducted on the chest, like chest Computed Tomography (CT)and computed tomography X-rays. Radiologists are under a considerable amount of pressure due to the high contagious potential of this disease. Imaging analysis methods that are based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) are currently the subject of research with the goal of improving diagnostic precision and addressing the obstacles. The collection of these AI-based chest imaging analysis techniques is the primary goal of this survey, which focuses on the most recent developments in AI-based strategies for analyzing chest images for COVID-19. Particularly, it is vital to recall the imaging analysis methods of two typical viral instances of pneumonia since these methods could serve as a reference while analyzing the disease on chest photos. This is why it is so important to remember the imaging analysis methods of two typical viral cases of pneumonia. Pay attention to the part that artificial intelligence played in the Corona epidemic and examine the dataset that was used from earlier studies as well as the data that was associated to it. Conduct a more comprehensive examination of the progression of AI-assisted disease diagnosis and evaluation, and reach the conclusion that AI approaches offer significant benefits in the context of this application.

The research goal is to:
This study investigated the effectiveness of using modern technologies in teaching biology and their role in improving students’ performance and academic level, as well as achieving the use of modern technology as a tool in upgrading the teaching process in schools and knowing what are the reasons behind not using it in teaching so far. In some schools by achieving the following goal:
How effective is the use of modern technologies in teaching biology and their role in improving student performance?
The search is limited to:
1_ Female students in the first intermediate year in Ibn Sina Elementary School for Girls, affiliated with Baghdad/Al-Karkh First Education School.
2_ Biology book for the first intermediate grade, modern version (2023).
To achieve this, the researcher adopted the analytical method in arriving at the results for its suitability to this type of research from the research sample. The tool consisted of (31) items distributed over three areas, and the research sample consisted of (40) female students from the first grade. The average students were intentionally selected from the research community during the first semester of the academic year (2023/2024)

The current study aimed to identify the effect of teaching using the K.W.L strategy and metacognition on the achievement of fifth-grade science female students in chemistry and formal thinking. The researcher used the experimental method, where the study sample was chosen intentionally and consisted of two classes of fifth-grade scientific female students at Shams High School. Freedom for girls, one of which represents the experimental group that was taught using the K.W.L strategy and its number was (30 students), and the second is the control group that was taught in the regular method and its number was (30 students) in a random method. The researcher used two testing tools, which are the achievement test and the test. He justified formal thinking, and rewarded them with honesty and consistency and the difficulty, ease, and discrimination coefficients. One of the results of the research was the superiority of the experimental group over the control group, and the size of the effect was large.

Sustainable development, with its economic, social and environmental dimensions ... etc. constitutes a necessary need to advance the reality of the country, and this can be achieved by knowing the challenges it faces. Sustainable development aims to find a balance between the economic system without depleting natural resources, taking into account environmental factors The goal of development is the human being. Sustainable development requires preserving the ability of future generations to benefit from natural resources. This study focuses on the concept of sustainable development, its goals, dimensions and challenges.
The study reached conclusions and recommendations emphasizing the necessity of activating, developing and sustaining development programs to maintain a reasonable amount of decent living and a healthy and educational life for each member of society in a fair and equal manner for all without discrimination.

The research aimed to identify the effect of the information gap strategy on the achievement of third-year intermediate students in the computer subject". To achieve the research goal, the researcher adopted the experimental method with partial control for two equal groups who took the post-achievement test. The research sample consisted of (55) third-year intermediate students. "In Malik Bin Anas Islamic Secondary School "for- Boys for The Academic- Year (2023-2024 AD), where the number of students in the experimental group after exclusion reached (26) students, and also the control group (26) students, the two groups were rewarded in some variables (chronological age in months). , previous knowledge test for the computer subject, intelligence Test, previous achievement in the computer subject, an achievement test for the computer subject was prepared, and the construct validity ,Of The Test and scale and "The Reliability- coefficient were: verified, as well as -the .psychometric, properties of the test items and .The Scale -were Verified.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of the Messengers, Muhammad, and upon his family and companions.
To proceed:The story of Moses and AlKhidr, peace be upon them, in Surah AlKahf is one of the Quranic stories rich in lessons, morals, and important objectives. It emphasizes the divine origin of the Holy Quran and proves the truthfulness of Prophet Muhammad's prophecy, peace be upon him, as it shows Moses, peace be upon him, a great prophet, needing to learn certain things from AlKhidr. The story also highlights the greatness of Allah Almighty, His vast knowledge, and His mercy towards His servants, as He facilitated Moses' meeting with AlKhidr and enabled him to learn from him. The story encourages the pursuit of knowledge and humility, no matter how much knowledge and status a person attains. It also demonstrates the importance of patience in the journey of seeking knowledge and in life in general. The story urges contentment with Allah's decree and destiny, clarifying that what a person may perceive as evil might be good for them, and what they perceive as good might be evil for them. Additionally, the story emphasizes that each scholar has their own specialization and virtue, and that beneficial knowledge is what brings one closer to Allah Almighty and increases faith and piety. The story does not neglect the importance of righteous companionship and its role in motivating individuals towards good. It stresses that knowledge alone is insufficient; righteous deeds are also necessary. In short, the story of Moses and AlKhidr is filled with lessons relevant to every Muslim, as it calls for adherence to essential Islamic values and reminds us of Allah's knowledge and wisdom, emphasizing the necessity of submitting to His will and being content with His decree.

The faithful word is always the voice capable of giving life the secret of its sweetness. Islamic poetry is poetry that depicts life in its comprehensivenes. It has qualified for a sublime function, which is reform. The poet (Mahmoud Daly) is one of the most prominent Islamic
poets in his stage. The research contained the most important pauses in the poet's literary life and the most important of his poetic purposes And the extent of the influence of his environment on his poetry in terms of form and content and the diversity of its purposes and themes

The great and accelerating development that has affected the entire world, the increase in industrial activities and gas emissions, and the increase in environmental pollution problems, have in turn affected the climate, the air, and the increase in desertification and natural resources. This has led to the emergence of an international idea calling for the necessity of developing a quick and urgent solution to these issues and trying to establish real reforms. We are serious about improving the situation of the current generation in the international community and linking it to the rights of future generations, who have the right to guarantee their future by creating a good and sound environment and an abundance of natural resources, and trying to care for, organize and protect them for them according to a matter of trust in our pledge, we, the current generation, towards the next generation, with the necessity of providing real economic resources. Necessary to live in prosperity and stability. The issue became clear that all countries, organizations and international agencies must work together in order to achieve this future goal and protect the planet from destruction and hold everyone responsible for that. As a result, everyone employed their capabilities in order to achieve this purpose, including international financial agencies, By providing financial and monetary facilities for the purpose of reconstruction and reform to countries at various levels, especially countries exhausted by wars and deplorable economic and political conditions, provided that this support is governed by the conditions and procedures specified by those international bodies in advance for the purpose of financial reform and regulation of this aid, especially developing countries, which It suffers from a weak economy and the money needed to achieve these requirements.

The quality of mathematics education is a major challenge for all nations in the modern digital age due to its importance in all areas of life and knowledge. One of the important objectives of this article is to value the learning and teaching of mathematics. In addition to the need to develop teaching methods at the methodological, educational and pedagogical levels due to the existence of strong links between it and artificial intelligence, while preparing students to have good control over how to use modern mechanisms and techniques of artificial intelligence so as not to hinder the development of mathematical thinking. In addition, highlighting the necessities needed to raise the level of mathematics teaching through AI techniques, and identifying the contribution of the quality of its teaching to meet the challenges of AI.

National reconciliation goes through two main processes. The first process is of a political and societal nature, and the second is of a legal nature. It is very important, before starting the national reconciliation procedures, to identify the reconciling parties and the extent of these parties’ readiness to stop violence, engage in reconciliation, and achieve comprehensive peace. This study focused on national reconciliation between the conflicting sects in Iraq and between the opposition and the authority in Syria and the role of the reconciled parties in amending the constitution in both Syria and Iraq in a way that suits the interests of the people and their public interest This importance resulted in a major problem represented by the large number of conflicts and wars within one state as a result of many political and sectarian reasons and the difficulty of finding a compromise solution and dealing with problems and disputes in a way that achieves reconciliation between the conflicting parties. The researcher followed the analytical approach, as the analytical approach depends on discussing and analyzing the prominent role For the reconciling parties in amending the constitution in both Iraq and Syria, and also on the comparative approach to compare between Iraq and Syria, the researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which is that the Iraqi and Syrian experience of national reconciliation was known as one of the most important experiences that aimed to achieve stability and restore peace and security, and that national reconciliation has great importance for societies and countries. Which is going through a period of social and political conflicts and crises.

Research aims to know the efect of the learning windows strategy on the logical thinking of female second-year intermediate students in chemistry. An experimental design with partial control was adopted, and the research population was identified, which was represented by female students in the second intermediate grade in the Second Rusafa Baghdad Education Directorate, where the sample consisted of ( 60) female students, divided in to two groups, control and experimental. The experimental grfoup consisted of (30) female students who were taught according to the learning windows strategy. The control group consisted of (30) female students who were taught according to the usual method. A logical thinking test was prepared, which consisted of (20) students. A multiple choice item) which was applied post-hoc on the research sample, and the results were processed statistically, as it was found that there was a statistically significant difference due to the experimental group that was taught according to the learning windows strategy, and as a result, a number of proposals and recommendations were developed.

This study aims to understand the brain's compatibility model. On mathematical enlightenment among meddle School Students in Mathematics'. To Achieve this Goal, The Researcher Conductaed an a based on a post-Test faor two equal groups. Freemale Students were Selected In eaach group biased on the Criteria of intelligence, Praevious Achievements, and previous Knowledge. The study Sample was (63) Feamale Students, Where (32) Femaale Student's Were Distributed to the Experaimental group and (31) Feamale stuadents To the Control group. A mathematics; Enlightenment Test was prepared for Secaondary School Stuadents, and its Vaalidity and Realizability were vearified. The Result's were good. Appropriate Staatistical Matehoods Were Used to Analyze The data in The Study

Sultan Tughril Beg is considered the first of the great Seljuk sultans and the founder of the Seljuk state, whose rule lasted approximately twenty-six years from 429 AH / 1037 AD to 455 AH / 1063 AD. This period marks the beginning and stabilization of the Seljuk state and a time of general weakness for the Islamic world, as the Abbasid Caliphate was experiencing severe decline and deterioration. Sultan Tughril Beg was ambitious and had notable military inclinations, spending his entire reign in wars and expansion. This included consolidating his rule against internal challenges within the Seljuk family and addressing other external threats and rebellions.
The research is composed of an introduction and three chapters. The first chapter covers his biography, including his name, lineage, birth, children, siblings, titles, characteristics, accession to the sultanate, wives, and death. The second chapter discusses his internal policies towards members of the Seljuk household, the relationship between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Seljuks, the Seljuk entrance into Iraq, the movement of Abu al-Harith al-Basasiri, and the rebellions faced by Sultan Tughril Beg. The third chapter examines Sultan Tughril Beg's foreign policy, the Seljuk-Ghaznavid relationship, the Seljuk-Buyid relationship, and the Seljuk-Fatimid relationship.

In this era, the modern world is moving towards what is known as the green economy, which is achieving development through projects that are good or harmful to the environment and rely on technology. The importance of the green economy in the Arab world lies in its effective role in achieving development and preserving natural resources. Relying on the practices of this concept, which... The challenge of pollution and maximizing production, which requires the intensification of all countries of the Arab world, in addition to maximizing cooperation from foreign federations. Investing in the green economy encourages investments in the winter and results in new job opportunities, etc. As an example in the field of energy, it leads to a result of the call for new and renewable energy, such as Solar, wind, etc. This applies to all green investments in various parts of the world. The Maghreb Organization is considered one of the most important countries in the Mediterranean region, the Mediterranean Basin, which hastened to try to apply the green concept in areas of the economy, including the agricultural field, with the aim of contributing to Achieving economic growth and economic combat and contributes to achieving economic development in recent times. , calling on resources, in which he stressed the unwelcome Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2018 report on climate change and demanded immediate action on greenhouse gas emissions in order to achieve our goals for Paris to happen. We have been told that limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels requires a unique level of effort and coordination at the global level, with the participation of all actors of the interactive activity, and requires investments in diverse energy systems of an extremely high US$2.4 trillion (Ma Toma 2.5 in Between 2016 and 2025, after which comes capital for goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Literary studies have occupied a prominent place in digital programming and prediction, which is based on approved logical analysis with a very precise logical glow. From here we cite the book (Al-Jafr) by Imam Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him), and what this book included in converting words into algorithms that analyze and describe variables. What he went through and what the situation will be like in the future, by drawing an algorithm for the coming time. This study has confirmed the prestigious scientific position that Imam Ali (peace be upon him) enjoyed in prediction and logical analysis, relying on the secrets of the digital, which we can describe as statistical evidence that was and still is amazing in Analyzing and arriving at highly accurate scientific facts opens the doors to literary studies (Arabic, Islamic, and history), opening doors and expanding curricula for digital analysis and exploring the moral value of numbers. We cannot attribute the discovery of artificial intelligence technology without considering this author as the first to approach this approach and which I adopted. Modern technologies, after being a successful software base in transforming digital into scientific analysis, cannot be ignored for the aforementioned sciences.

Smart solutions play an important role in achieving the sustainability of natural resources and reducing the effects of climate change, through the use of modern sustainable methods, which is represented by smart agriculture: the use of technology in agriculture improves productive resources, saves water and energy, and relies on smart irrigation systems and the use of Remote sensing and automated monitoring can improve resource use efficiency and reduce pollution caused by traditional agriculture.
One of the modern sustainable methods is waste management: through the use of technology to improve waste management and reduce pollution, effective systems can be applied to separate and recycle biodegradable materials, plastics, paper, and metals, which works to benefit from waste and reduce its effects
. Education and awareness also play a prominent role about climate change and its impact on natural resources. Workshops and awareness campaigns can be organized to enhance awareness and exchange knowledge about smart solutions and sustainable practices and benefit from scientific expertise and local and international organizations.

Our world today faces a reality and something that will be a reality in the next few years, which is the depletion of traditional energy sources, the most prominent of which are (petroleum and natural gas), on which our contemporary lives depend greatly, despite their negative aspects and disastrous effects on the environment and health, which are affected by humans, animals and plants alike. Whether, therefore, the global trend towards environmentally sound energy or what is known as renewable energy - solar energy and wind energy - is a success story in many countries, and in order to move towards the most sustainable solutions, By creating many incentives that contribute to strengthening these solutions, including investing in sound energy as much as possible and providing supporting policies for this by the governments of countries. The greatest incentive to move towards renewable energy sources remains protecting the environment from the dangers of pollution and providing a sound environment for living for all creatures. Therefore, renewable energy contributes at varying rates when compared to the total energy in the economies of developed and developing countries alike. Depending on the importance of relying on it between one country and another as a result of the differences in their policies and how they deal with environmental variables and indicators, in addition to the direct and indirect effects resulting from its use in sustainable development, considering that renewable energy is an essential pillar in achieving sustainable development.

he study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the project’s learning strategy in developing creative thinking among fine arts students in the subject of print design. (5) null hypotheses were formulated. as it was for achieving. The research sample reached (10) students, representing the (experimental) group, Institute of Fine Arts / Third Stage / Department of Printing Design / Holy Kadhimiya
To achieve the goal of the research, a creative thinking test was built, a skills performance test, and teaching plans were built within the project strategy. Therefore, the researcher prepared a skills test and also in the subject of print design. The researcher used many methods. Statistics, Spearman equation and Cronbach equation.
The most important results were the superiority of the experimental group due to the organized and interesting procedures and in accordance with the steps of the project’s learning strategy in the design subject. It was concluded that the strategy has a major role in developing creative thinking among fine arts students.

The current research aimed to identify job burnout among employees of the College of Education / Iraqi University and to identify the significance of statistical differences in job burnout among employees of the College of Education according to the gender variables (males - females).
The current research is limited to employees of the College of Education/Iraqi University for both genders. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the job burnout scale, which consists of (29) items. After presenting it to experts and establishing validity and reliability, the scale was applied to the research sample, which numbered (50) male and female employees equally between Between males and females, out of a total of (800) male and female employees from the entire research community. For the purpose of extracting the results, it was
The final results of the research showed the following :
There are employees of the College of Education / Iraqi University with signs of job burnout at a moderate level .
There are no statistically significant differences between students in the manifestations of job burnout according to the variables of gender (males – females)

Since ancient times, fairness and balance in commercial deals and contracts have been important in civil law. With the development of societies and the complexity of their economic relationship, it has become necessary to emphasize the concept of arbitrariness and its role in ensuring sustainable development. Arbitrariness here is considered essential to understanding justice and integrity in contracts and deals, as it contributes to maintaining economic stability and enhancing trust between the parties involved. Under civil law, arbitrariness is assessed as a deviation from the standards of fairness and reasonableness in transactions, which may distort the balance between the parties and bring undue profits to one at the expense of the other. Civil law therefore plays a vital role in identifying and correcting cases of abuse, which strengthens the economic system and contributes to sustainable development.
Achieving sustainable development requires striking a balance between current and future needs, which can be achieved by applying the principles of justice and equality in deals and contracts in accordance with civil laws. Therefore, it can be said that understanding arbitrariness and its role within the framework of civil law contributes significantly to achieving sustainable development and economic prosperity.
Arbitrariness in the development context is also considered a major challenge to sustainable development, as it can lead to a lack of balance between the economic, social and environmental dimensions of development. For example, arbitrariness can cause the rights of vulnerable groups to be ignored and social gaps to exacerbate, which hinders sustainability in the long term .Arbitrariness in construction and development policies can also lead to unjustified seizure of natural resources and environmental destruction, which puts the environmental, economic and social system at risk.
Therefore, preventing arbitrariness plays a vital role in promoting sustainable development, as this requires applying laws and policies in a fair and balanced manner, and ensuring that all segments of society participate in decision-making and benefit from economic growth. In addition, the environmental and social impacts of development projects must be considered and economic development that respects the environment and promotes equality and inclusion should be encouraged.

The basic conditions for any educational institution that want to be trusted and respected is the availability of academic freedom for these institutions, as they are institutions created by the community for scientific and academic organizations, for thought, debate and culture. And it is not possible to realize these institutions of this role unless you enjoy a sufficient amount of academic freedom. The aim of the current study is to identify the level of academic freedom enjoyed by school teachers in general, in addition to revealing statistically significant differences in academic freedom according to government and private education, and for the purpose of researching the objectives of selecting a sample of teachers in a random way after applying the previously prepared measure. (Al-Fawal, 2015) After extracting the standard characteristics of the paragraphs and using the statistical bag for social sciences in processing the data, the research concluded that the teachers in general enjoy academic freedom, but in particular, the difference between the government and the alternative, the al-Wasat al-Hashabi for the government education, the al-Wasat al-Hashabi for the private education and the study center are suitable with some recommendations and suggestions)

Twenty-three samples were taken from the Badra area in Wasit Governorate to determine water characteristics and some chemical and physical variables. It has been shown that groundwater in the study areas is acidic. You took positive ions: calcium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, and magnesium, and negative ions such as bicarbonate, nitrate, and chloride. The hydrochemical chemistry in the sample is (Na-SO4), (Ca-SO4), and (Na-Cl) due to the presence of these ions in large quantities, and after comparing the results in Iraq and the World Health Organization, it was found that this water is not suitable for human drinking. Because the percentage of salt is large, and it is suitable for drinking animals, and while this water is suitable for construction purposes, as all of its elements did not exceed the permissible limits, the study found that this water is not suitable for irrigation purposes.

The form of the narrative text in modern literature is the focus of critical literary studies, and the term narrative itself has gained great importance in Western and Arab literary and critical studies, and its definitions have varied according to the different viewpoints of the researchers, but we can summarize it as the transfer of the event from one form to another, that is, Transferring it from the realistic event to the linguistic one, and this event is linked to influences, including those related to the narrator, Some of them are related to the narrated person, and some are related to the event itself. The narration process is based on multiple indispensable pillars, which are: the narrator, the characters, the event, the plot, the time, the place, and each of these pillars has its various details, The novel “The Fearful” shed light on the condition of Syrians before the civil war. The purpose of the book was to describe the fear that swept the Syrian people at that time ,whether they were men, women, or young men. Or elders, The matter even reached those who belonged to the army. Everyone suffered from these harsh conditions and suffered from the fear of fear that had become controlling their souls. As events continued and developed, the fear also developed into a fear of fear itself.

This study seeks to reveal one of the elements of pragmatics, which is (deixis), and to explain its importance in analyzing various discourses, including religious ones. The study chose the story of Adam, may God bless him and grant him peace. To be a field of application, as it was mentioned in several noble Qur’anic surahs, as well as in the Torah in the Book of Genesis, The aim of the study is to know the most important types of deixis found in the two texts, and to explain their impact on the harmony of the text, and removing ambiguity and ambiguity. The study relied on the descriptive and comparative approach, as well as في on the reader’s mind, which is: What is the extent of similarity and closeness between the two languages? One of the most important results of the study was the contribution of pragmatic signals to the continuation of the communication process between the two parties to the discourse.

In recent years, the world has witnessed a revolution in the field of artificial intelligence, the effects of which have appeared in most areas of life. Many studies have shown the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence in the educational process. Therefore, educational institutions must seek to include modern teaching strategies and methods that achieve learning goals and improve From the educational process, therefore, it is possible to benefit from the applications of artificial intelligence in university education. Artificial intelligence may be the engine of progress, growth, and prosperity for all scientific and humanitarian disciplines in the next few years, and there is a close relationship between philosophy and the science of artificial intelligence, as philosophy plays an effective role in the development of this science. Artificial intelligence can be defined as:
Certain behavior and characteristics of computer programs that make them mimic human mental decisions and work patterns. The philosophy of artificial intelligence can be defined as: creating artificial intelligence systems that are similar to human intelligence
Among the future challenges that education may face in general are the challenges of technology and information technology, the challenges of globalization and democracy, and the social, demographic, environmental, and economic challenges. Therefore, some may believe that it is possible to benefit from applications of artificial intelligence in the future in light of these challenges. Therefore, it must be emphasized that applications of artificial intelligence do not, in the end, deviate from being among the modern educational means, which in achieving their goals depends on activating and training university teachers in using them, as they facilitate communication between the learner and the teacher and between the learners themselves and work in Changing the methods of organizing knowledge sources and providing assistance to take into account individual differences and make learning meaningful and self-directed. In addition, it facilitates the learner’s use of simulation for some tasks that are difficult for the learner to practice in the classroom.

The current research aims to extract the characteristics of the standard automatic thoughts scale among university students according to the generalized graded scout model. To achieve this, the researcher took scientific steps in the procedures for analyzing the Automatic Thoughts Scale. The researcher performed a translation of the scale from its original language into the Arabic language and then performed a reverse translation. After that, an English language specialist was sought out in order to ensure its translation, and after completing the procedures for the accuracy of the translation and to verify its accuracy. Logical validity of items and extracting apparent validity to measure automatic thoughts The scale was presented to (10) specialists in the educational and psychological sciences, and in light of their observations, the wording of some of them was modified, and no paragraph of the scale was excluded because it obtained the percentage of agreement required to accept the paragraph (100%). Thus, the apparent validity of the scale was confirmed. And to ensure the clarity of the instructions and paragraphs of the scale for the research sample. To determine the time required for performance, the scale was applied to a survey sample of (50) male and female students randomly selected from the students of the University of Baghdad. It appeared that the instructions and paragraphs of the scale were clear, and the time for performing the scale and knowledge of the standard characteristics of the scale were determined, in addition to verifying the model’s assumptions. The scale was applied to a sample of (500) male and female students from the university’s morning study, who were chosen in a proportionate random manner. In this regard, the researcher adopted the Generalized Gradual Heuristic Model (GGUME), which is one of the models of modern theory of measurement, and using the statistical program (GGUM-2004). The results were: The generalized stepwise heuristic model was suitable, as it was found that the data match the assumptions of the model, and that all items have good characteristics. After that, the researcher came up with some recommendations and proposals.

The research aims is known the extent of university professors’ awareness of the concepts of green education and the possibility of developing it electronically .
The sample consists of ( 63 ) university professors’ in some of Iraqi universities which who the friends with the researcher in the facebook network .
The awareness of the concepts of green education scale was building by using the known methods and doing the validity and reliability .
At the first we doing the pre - applied of the awareness of the concepts of green education scale and analysis their finding .
Than we doing a closed group in WhatsApp network between the sample and the researcher .
After that the researcher beginning commutation with the sample by the closed group to give them the more information to growth the awareness of the concepts of green education to them about three weeks .
After that we doing the post - applied of the awareness of the concepts of green education scale and analysis their finding .
The research results are supremacy the university professors’ in the in the post – applied of the awareness of the concepts of green education scale than pre- applied of the scale .
That is means we can development the university professors’ awareness of the concepts of green education . We recommending to use that and suggestion more researches in same field .

In this study, the levels of radon and radium were measured in the Tigris River in the Adhamiya area in Baghdad for ten water samples collected from the edges and the middle of the river. The levels of radon ranged (3.49-15.06 Bq/L) and radium (0.21-1.16 Bq/L).

The current research aims to identify:
1.Future perceptions among distinguished school students.
2.Level of academic ambition among distinguished school students.
3. Statistical significance of the correlation between future perceptions and level of academic ambition among distinguished school students.
The research was limited to students of distinguished schools in Anbar Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024). After selecting the appropriate sample, the two scales were applied to the research sample of (100) male and female students who were selected using a simple random method. The researchers used the descriptive correlational approach as the appropriate approach to achieve the research objectives. The researchers adopted the future perceptions scale of (Jassim and Mahmoud, 2015) consisting of (29) paragraphs, each with three alternatives. As for the academic ambition scale, the researchers prepared a scale for academic ambition after adapting and developing it to suit the research sample, as the scale consisted of (28) paragraphs, each with three alternatives. After applying the two tools to the research sample and analyzing the data using appropriate statistical methods on the sample members, the results showed:
1.The presence of future perceptions among distinguished students.
2.The presence of academic ambition among distinguished students.
3. The presence of a positive (direct) relationship between future perceptions and academic ambition among distinguished students.
The researchers recommended some recommendations and suggested what they saw as appropriate for their research.

The research highlights study of dimensions of green knowledge management and its impact on achieving sustainable development, which addresses the research through following problem, which is how to use knowledge, specifically green knowledge, in enhancing and developing process of achieving requirements of sustainable development. The research aims to identify the most important challenges, concepts, requirements and technology that lead to achieving sustainable development. In institutions, the research in essence focuses on how to use modern science and its variables, specifically knowledge management, which represents one of the most important modern fields of knowledge that is used in achieving sustainable development goals and addressing the challenges that hinder sustainable development events, as a deliberate sample of (33) was relied upon. In response to a group of specialized professors in the College of Economics& Administration, Engineering, and using statistical analysis program SPSS.V25, the data and hypotheses were analyzed to determine the relationship between the variables of study, and a set of conclusions and recommendations were reached, the most important of which are the following, as the research sample demonstrated that the ability to achieve and implement sustainable development and study the surrounding changes Through the presence of a strategic vision built within the institution centrally, the results have proven that there is a clear impact of the dimensions of green knowledge management in implementing sustainable development. The most important recommendations that universities should provide are procedures and conditions and access to similar experiences of sustainable development to build a knowledge and application base that contributes to building sustainable development. The clear, consistent and integrated green knowledge management that the country needs, the need to pay attention to the public policy preparation team in institutions, which contributes to drawing up the strategic vision that it seeks to achieve, and which is the engine in generating vision and creative ideas in finding solutions in order to achieve sustainable development by investing in green knowledge management. It is necessary to strive and work to introduce and employ technology in administrative and control work as part of a comprehensive strategy for digital transformation as a whole.

The research aims to study the morphometric characteristics of the Wadi Siwa To basin, located in northern Iraq within Erbil Governorate, using geographic information systems technology. It includes studying the areal, longitudinal, formal, and topographic characteristics and the characteristics of the water drainage network. The study showed that the basin occupies a large area (133 km2) and its shape departs from the circular one. It is close to a rectangular shape, in addition to the value of the hypometric coefficient showed that the eroded mass of the Wadi Siwa To basin is (49%) and the remaining (51%). Thus, the basin’s pluvial stage is considered within the mature stage and the processes of erosion and sedimentation are equal.

The current research aims to show the role of using technological means in the financing or what is called the digital financing that is represented by the elements (platform for digital processes, retail agents, the usage by customers, clients, and agents which they are linked to the electronic system) in supporting the bank’s strategic position of dimensions (creating ideas, building networks, education processes) in the financing sector, keeping up to gate with technology is considered one of the most important elements of its continuity and success and objectives achievement as it is a sector that combines the fund sensitivity and customers’ multi-needs that varies based on the social and economic indicators, and using the digital financing is considered one of the most important necessary foundations for banks’ success and determining its strategic position among other similar banks, especially in the competition operation and profits achievement and customer satisfaction granting, this subject has been chosen for handful reasons the most important one of them is its modernity locally and banking sector and the research tried to focus on banking environment dynamic issue and the variant customers’ needs which led to the necessity of using digital financing tools as a way to support the bank’s strategic position in an environment that excel in completion and renewable services, the research was based on main methodology represented by (existence of moral effect that has statistical meaning for digital financing requirements in the strategic position achievement) and using historical descriptive method and quantum and statistical analysis and relying on survey as a tool to collect data and information from the sample of total (50) of whom they are at level of ( authorized manager, deputy authorized manager, head of directorate , section manager, deputy section manager, division official, unit official) and used the statistical program (SPSS) The statistical program (Spss) was used to calculate (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and relative importance). The research reached a number of results, the most important of which was that adopting a digital financing policy by banks has become a basic necessity to enhance their strategic position, and to achieve the research objectives and building scientific structure the research has been divided into four topics: the first topic was specialized with the research’s methodology, the second topic has included the basic concepts of the research, and the third topic intended to the research results analyses and testing its methods, the fourth topic came to confirm the most important conclusions and recommendations that the research has reached.

The ongiog chang in the age structure of the Iraqi population,which is characterized by an increase in size of the working –age population compared to adecrease in the size of the dependent age groups children and the elderly ,will lead to Iraq enter ing the phenomenon of the demographic gap or the demographic window,which results in an opportunity foreconomic developmentif this built and invested in accordance with what the development process requires. Also ,investing in this change or demographic transformation and making it work properly requires eliminating some of the problems that tge Iraqi population suffers from ,such as poverty,unemployment,and raising the level of education,in the end, the research reflects the benefits that Iraq can reap from investing in the demographic transition and its repercussions on the economic,social ,and political aspects.for the population.

Pollution takes many forms, some of which are environmental and on a wide spatial level, covering a large geographical area such as a region, and some of which are related to the urban environment, of which the city is the effective space. The research area was represented in the city of Baghdad, which is one of the major cities because it is the capital, in addition to having an important political and economic dimension. From here, the research problem was launched to address the current situation, especially after the year 2003 AD and the political, economic, social, psychological and security repercussions that accompanied it, which led to the city clearly retreating in the face of the population’s encroachment and movement, which led to the prevalence of random chaos in the city, and this led to the distortion of its urban features, in addition to the printing of advertising patches that indicate the profession of their owners, which led to the distortion of the urban scene. The research reached the highlighting of the most important aspects of visual pollution in the city resulting from the expansion of Baghdad markets to keep pace with population demand and the expansion of the area of residential neighborhoods and buildings. This must have an administration with an aesthetic and tasteful dimension supported by the laws in force for the purpose of organizing the city to avoid visual pollution and to maintain its beauty so that it appears in a manner befitting capital cities.

The Parthians, one of the ancient Iranian tribes, tried to practice tough pastoralism. Getting rid of the control of the Seleucids, who are named after Seleucus I, one of the senior leaders of Alexander the Great who ruled Iraq, Iran, and Syria. Among them emerged powerful kings who were able to get rid of the control of the Seleucids, expel them, achieve independence for their country, and later expand and occupy Iraq. The war remained a debate between the two parties. And later the expansion and occupation of Iraq, and the war became a debate between the two parties. As a result of this conflict, the Kingdom of Maysan appeared in southern Iraq as a commercial port linking the East to the West. It was one of the foundations of Alexander the Great, and its land was known as Alexandria. Many researchers believe that the Kingdom of Maysan is an Arab kingdom, and it reached such a level of economic power that it achieved political independence. It issued its national currency, and its independence depended on the strength and weakness of the Parthians.

The northern provinces were the center of important movements, some of which constituted a qualitative shift in the modern political history of Iran. In Jilan, the jungle movement appeared, the beginning of which dates back to World War I.
The movement was led by Mirza Kojak Khan, who with his group took the dense forests of Jilan as the center of his movement, and they became known as the Jungles or (forest men).
The location of Jilan , which is close to Russia, made it enjoy a special status, as its location between Tehran and Baku made it an important trade route. As a result a relatively large commercial class emerged therein, which, along with other elements, formed the basic base of the political class, which formed an important percentage of the population of Jilan which carried the banner of calling for the nationalist idea calling for achieving Iranian independence and getting rid of foreign control and exploitation.
The Jungle movement entered an important stage in history after the October Revolution in Russia in 1917. Until the beginning of 1918, the Jungle men controlled Jilan completely and extended their control to Mazandaran and the coastal areas of the Caspian Sea. On the twenty-fifth of 1920, he announced the formation of the “Jilan Soviet Socialist Republic.”
The movement, and later the front that it formed, carried from its first days the seeds of its weakness within it, as the slogans it put forward were contradictory, due to the differences in intellectual affiliations of its leaders, and the prevailing international conditions at that time had little role in ending the nascent republic.