Iraqi Journal of Science

n response to the growing interest in green chemistry and the adoption of environmentally friendly and cost-effective compounds in industrial and agricultural applications, this study focuses on exploring the potential of natural compounds. Specifically, the research investigates the corrosion inhibitory properties of Iraqi plum tree gum. The natural gum is characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to identify its functional groups and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for further analysis. The electrochemical polarization technique was used to study corrosion measurements for carbon steel (C.S) in saline solution and in the presence of the inhibitor (Plum Tree Gum) in different concentration solutions. The findings revealed a positive correlation between the concentration of plum tree gum and the efficiency of the inhibitor, indicating that higher concentrations of the gum result in increased inhibitory effectiveness.

Diabetes mellitus is a globally prevalent disease with several parameters that may be involved in diagnosis or altered throughout disease progression. In this study, 120 patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls were recruited, with ages ranging from 30-65 years old. The research focused on determining levels of Protein Z (PROZ), Laminin Subunit Alpha 2 (LAMA2), Mixed Lineage Leukemia 4 (MLL4), and Plexin Domain Containing 2 (PLXDC2). Participants were divided into four groups: group I (n=30) with long-term metformin treatment, group II (n=30) with short-term metformin treatment, group III (n=30) newly diagnosed without medication, and group IV (n=30) healthy controls. Protein markers were measured by ELISA, while fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, and HbA1c were determined by spectrophotometry and HPLC. ROC curve analysis revealed PLXDC2 had high sensitivity and specificity as a potential biomarker for diabetes diagnosis. LAMA2, MLL4, and PROZ also distinguished between diabetes patients and controls. Overall, these results identify promising biomarkers for diabetes detection and monitoring.

The microwave (MW) method was used to create a series of new thiazolidin-4-one derivatives containing benzothiazole and azo groups. Azoaldehyde derivative A was synthesized via the coupling reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazole diazonium ions and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The resultant azoaldehyde A was then subjected to condensation reactions with the primary aromatic amines using the MW method to give azoimines derivatives S1-S5. Finally, compounds S1-S5 were reacted with α-mercaptoacetic acid by the MW method to generate the thiazolidin-4-one derivatives T1-T5. The novel-produced compounds T1-T5 were identified by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The DPPH was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the novel-produced compounds T1-T5. The obtained results for T1 and T5 were excellent as antioxidants in comparison with ascorbic acid, while in the antibacterial study, it was discovered that T2, T3, and T5 were found to be more successful than Gentamycin as a control drug against Staphylococcus aureus in an antibacterial investigation, while T3 was found to be more effective than the reference drug against Escherichia coli.

Thyroid dysfunction (TD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two of the most
frequent chronic endocrine disorders. This study included 60 women with thyroid
disorders: 30 with hypothyroidism and 30 with hyperthyroidism, aged between 20
and 40 years. This study used 30 healthy women aged 20-40 years as a control
group. Anthropometric measurements of Body Mass Index (BMI), hematological
analysis of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), biochemical parameters (Thyroidstimulating
hormone TSH, Free triiodothyronine FT3, Free thyroxine FT4, Fasting
Blood Sugar FBS), and adipokine concentrations zinc-α2-glycoprotein (AZGP-1)
and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) were performed for all participants. The
results revealed that the serum levels of zinc-α2-glycoprotein and retinol-binding
protein-4 are significantly higher in hyperthyroidism (P<0.0001) compared to both
healthy and hypothyroid women. Besides that, zinc-α2-glycoprotein has a negative
correlation with TSH in the hyperthyroidism group. In the hypothyroidism group, it
correlates positively with retinol-binding protein-4. In addition to that, retinolbinding
protein-4 is positively correlated with FT3 and FT4 and negatively
correlated with BMI in the hyperthyroidism group. For this reason, we conclude that
these adipokines can aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disorders,
thereby preventing the onset of disease complications associated with type 2
diabetes mellitus. It is important to highlight that women with hypothyroidism are
more likely than those with hyperthyroidism to develop diabetes