Journal of Nabu

The research summary:

The art of Al-Khashaba is one of the arts that the city of Basra is full of giving this lyrical form and has rarely used exclusively in this city so that the artists of this city can and master this art. Therefore, researchers and those interested in the musical heritage in various parts of the earth give their tireless pursuit of delving into the aesthetics of such colours and musical forms that represent the heritage of the country's civilisation. Therefore, this study aims on the aesthetics of the art of wood and creativity of its artists by highlighting how to use pottery rhythmic instruments and its forms and musical introductions accompanying to read Iraqi maqām and sing pastases with the intensity of wood to show the aesthetics of this lyrical art, in addition to the history of the emergence of this Iraqi musical colour and its excellence and the aesthetics of using those areas of the art Al-Khashaba, with reading the Iraqi maqām in the city of Basra, the features of the harmony between the different forms and the relationship of the Iraqi maqām with the art of al-Khashaba and its rhythms used to explain the composition of the parts of the components of Al-Kashaba, made the art of this city unique And the maqām, as for chapter three (analysis), defined the research procedures, as the descriptive approach was followed by analysing the research sample to contribute to achieving the research objectives. The study concluded with chapter four with the results, recommendations, and sources.

Research summary :
The doll is one of the most important educational means in the Educational Theater , and it has a positive impact on children, and provides through it the information and guidance they need during their first years of life, which is an important pillar in building their personalities .through dolls the child takes lessons directly affected by them, and teach him community values and behavioral habits, and work to achieve goals, tendencies and trends, especially educational, and constitute the element of fun, imagination, excitement and thrill. The search consist of four chapters .
The first chapter included the problem of searching for the answer to the following question : How was the doll employed in educational theater performances While the importance of the research towards the study of the effectiveness of the doll in social, educational and artistic education of the child, the aim of the research is to identify the employment of the doll in educational theater performances, its limits and the most important terms received . The second chapter includes two researchers, the first about the doll (goals, function, and types), the second about the study of the doll in the Educational Theater, and concluded the chapter what resulted from the theoretical framework . The third chapter has included the research community and its sample and the research tool and the research method, which adopted the descriptive analytical method in the analysis of the sample and the play (cataclysm and Farfour and the Arabic language) directed by: Iman thunun Younis, the fourth chapter has contained the results, including .
1.The director has employed the character of the doll Farfour to broadcast moral, educational and aesthetic values, which enhance the ability of children to cooperate and work together with each other .
2.The Farfour doll used different methods to suit the age of the child, and helped him to understand the educational and aesthetic goals of the theatrical show .
The chapter then included the conclusions and then the list of sources
Keywords : ( employment , puppet , Educational Theater )

Abstract:
Each social group has its own morphological image that distinguishes it from the rest of the groups, and the military musical choir is one of the categories of the Iraqi army. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the appearance of its costumes, the implications and implications of design considerations and the extent of their connection to the Iraqi environment. hence the importance of this paper, it seeks This research paper to answer the following question Is, The morphology of the uniform of the military choir, with its design, detailed and decorative elements and foundations, is linked to the connotations, environmental content and the cultural heritage in Iraq?, Therefore, the structural construction of the research tends to study the morphology of the costume of the musical choir and functional determinants in building content and form and techniques for analyzing the morphological construction of forms and their relationship to the cultural heritage, and the research follows Descriptive analytical method.
The most important conclusions of the research were that the style and movement of lines, shapes and formations that were formed by employing the design elements and foundations in the costume of the musical choir do not bear the identity of the Iraqi environment except for some additions such as the eagle of the emblem of the Republic. Variations in the type and colors of decorative complements give an aspect of the officer class distinction over the mattress class.
Keywords: Morphology - Military choir uniforms - Cultural heritage

Abstract
The theater in general and the text or theatrical performance in particular have the characteristic of confrontation and revealing many mysteries related to the environment, society and changing events in all aspects of life. It also presents a variety of different personalities that seek to remove confusion and ambiguity through the circle of their relationships and their behavior, as "The illusion of superiority", one of the psychosocial behaviors experienced by theatrical characters, and here it is necessary to stand and contemplate for a long time then to know the reasons for that illusion and the effects it leaves on the individual and society.
David Dunning, the author of "The illusion of superiority", pointed out that the knowledge and necessary skills to be good at a task consider the same as the skills which a person needs to realize that he is not good at that task, so if a person lacks these abilities, he will not only remain bad at that task, but will be ignorant of his inability as well.
(The researcher) tried to work on the term "The illusion of superiority" in a try to deciphering the codes of some characters in Shakespearean plays, to highlight, interpret and analyse them in accordance with these psychological and social behavioural concepts, in order to arrive at real indicators that are grounds for their aggressive or misguided behaviour or inability to make the appropriate decision.
As some personalities are unable to recognize the lack of their skills and errors, which is a major problem, Dunning pointed out and emphasized that the deficit in skills and experience creates a two-fold problem, which is as follows:
1. These deficits result in people underperforming in the domain in which they are incompetent.
2. Their erroneous and short knowledge makes them unable to realize their mistakes.
The Dunning-Kruger effect is one of many cognitive biases that can affect the behavior and decisions of a character, including theatrical characters in general and Shakespearean characters in particular, therefore it affects everyone and not only on the character itself in the event that it has some authority or influence on others or even on itself, as the reasons for the concept were examined regarding to "The illusion of superiority" in Shakespearean characters and their impact on other personalities and the course of events.
Keywords: illusion of superiority, structure, personality, psychology.

Abstrac
This paper focuses on (the dialectic of reality and imagined in modern painting), and it contains four chapters. The first chapter explains the research problem, its importance, the need for it, its goal and its limits, and defines the most important terms there.
As for the second chapter, it includes the theoretical framework, which contains two sections.
The first part deals with (the structures of reality and the imagined in thought), which includes two axes, the first (from reality to realism) and the second (imagined reading in the concept), while the second topic deals with two axes also, the first includes (reality and imagined in art) and the second (transformations of reality and imagined through the ages). This chapter also includes indicators of the theoretical framework and previous studies.
The third chapter concerns with the research procedures, which includes defining the research community and selecting the research sample, which amounted to (3) oil paintings, as well as the research tool in which the researcher relies on the indicators of the theoretical framework for analyzing the sample, and then the researcher reviews the research sample and analyzes it. The fourth chapter contains results, conclusions, recommendations and suggestions. The researcher reaches the main results, including:
1- The cross-fertilization of the elements (reality) and (imaginary) in some currents of modern painting by giving the realistic form imaginary influences, which charged the general composition with a neutral energy in relation between reality and the imagined as in the models (1, 3,5).
2- Dismantling the forms and reconstructing them with geometric abstract formulas that charged the composition with a dynamic visual energy, transporting the recipient to spiritual worlds in which the imagination of the producer and the contemplator of the visual text.
The conclusions:
1- The artistic achievement in the currents of modernity is linked to anything outside itself, which formed an integrated unit of the image and the idea itself at a certain moment, acquiring a tangible form.
2- The role of imagination in modern painting overcame the realistic form by disengaging from diagnosis, withdrawing formations to the technical space, and manipulating structural patterns to isolate the form from the effect outside.

Research Summary
The vague things are more aesthetic than the familiar ones, because man by nature tends to dream to the imagination to transform the form from its natural state to the different state. Therefore, the abstract theatrical form preserves its impressions on the recipient more than the realistic form, by relying on the text first, the actor second, and the theatrical viewer third. The research included four chapters, the first chapter contained the specific research problem in knowing the extent to which abstraction deepens in the theatrical performance of reading and understanding the recipient to allow him to generate a new reading that goes beyond the single reading of the personalized show. Raising the aesthetic taste of modern theatrical performances. It also opens horizons for the director of the show to take advantage of the available tools and techniques in employing aesthetic elements in shape and color to communicate multiple discourses that fall within the general context of the show. 2015 ) at the College of Fine Arts and conclude the chapter with definitions of terms. As for the second chapter, the theoretical framework, it included two sections, the first about me studying the output between reading diagnosis and abstraction, and the second the mechanism of receiving the theatrical presentation (abstract, personalized) and the chapter concluded with the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework. The third chapter included research procedures and samples, and two presentations were chosen as models for the study. As for the fourth chapter, it contains the results that the researcher has reached, the most important of which are:
1.The abstract presentation (Ne Iraqi) carried ideas that provoke discussion by asking questions that prompt the recipient to strive to answer them at the level of representative performance by relying on dismantling the dialogue and transforming it into telegraphic dialogues with a performance based on quick reaction.
2. The abstract presentation (Ne Iraqi) maintains its aesthetic, artistic and intellectual dimension even after the show, through the ideas it presents due to the symbolism of the décor and the difference in the sequence of events and their lack of logical connection, which created a set of blanks that need to be filled in the future of the recipient.
The most important conclusions were:
1.The abstract presentation destabilized the personalized presentation because the latter is an objective equivalent to reality and the abstract is an alternative, supposed aesthetic reality that stimulated the recipient and increased his capacity for anticipation and the pleasure of reading it.
2. The abstract presentation is subject to addition and renewal, as it is open to new abstractions through the different readings of the recipient.
3.The abstract presentation gave exceptional attention to (meaning)
The chapter also contains proven sources
Key words: abstract shape، personalized shape

Research Summary:-
The research includes four chapters. The first chapter deals with the research problem identified by the following question: What is nostalgia? What is its relationship to the internal space of the contemporary Iraqi theatrical performance? The importance of the research and the need for it was to shed light on the concept and role of nostalgia and its relationship to the internal space of theatrical performance, and the research benefits students, researchers, and academics specializing in the field of arts, especially theater. While the two objectives of the research are:
1: Understand Nostalgia conceptually.
2: Know the relationship of nostalgia with inner space.
The research was determined by studying nostalgia in Iraqi theatrical performances (the rocking chair hymn as a model), which was presented in 1987 in the theater forum / Baghdad, and the chapter concluded with the definition of terms and the procedural definition (of nostalgia) “It is the process of producing theatrical works based on previous events that arouse nostalgia and longing in desire To return to the past in temporally and spatially for events, people, pictures, furniture or music that work within the limits of the movement of the show. As for the procedural definition (of the internal space of the theatrical performance) “it is the place or the field that contains the aesthetics of theatrical audio and visual discourse and they are linked to each other temporally and spatially that raises the feeling to the recipient.”
As for the second chapter - the theoretical framework and previous studies included two sections. The first section deals with the concept of nostalgia in art, while the second topic deals with the study of internal space in theatrical performance. The chapter concluded with the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework and previous studies. The third chapter included the research procedures, which are the research community and its sample, which the researcher chose intentionally, in accordance with the research topic, its problem, and its objectives. As for the research method, the researcher relied on the descriptive approach (content analysis), and the researcher relied on the tool on the indicators that resulted from the theoretical framework. As for the fourth chapter, it contains the results, including:
1- Dr.( Awni Karumi) was interested in the interior space, as he employed the space of the Baghdadi house, taking advantage of the spaces and angles according to the audience's entry to the showplace to raise the nostalgic aspect to them.
2- The nostalgia of the place showed its effectiveness in the present and the past by stopping time to evoke the past and its memories.
This chapter also contains conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions, then a list of sources and references.
Keywords: Nostalgia - space - interior space - contemporary theatrical performance.

Summary

The influence of the national song extends long, to raise national the
issues, or to raise the value of belonging and found its way to hearts exceeded its age, and remained alive in the conscience and mind of the sons of society, built for itself a place in the hearts of citizens, formed in their conscience, reached an advanced development, and achieved a steady artistic rise.
The national song has become a cultural necessity that expresses patriotism, defending it and sacrificing for it, for its role in playing patriotic feelings, awakening the citizen’s spirit, expressing patriotism and beauty, calling for the values of freedom and peace, cultivating the idea of nationalism and influencing the feelings of young people.
This research seeks to stand at the position of the national song on the issues of peoples and invite them to move forward to achieve their legitimate demands, and motivate them to obtain their rights.
through four chapters, the first of which is from the methodological framework of the research including the problem of research and its goals and importance, and the limits of the research and terminology contained therein, while the second It came with tow topics, the first is It came under the title National singing old and new two sections, and the second, The Iraqi National Song and the third chapter contained the research procedure, and the results of the research came in the fourth chapter. As well as referrals for research and review
Keywords, song, patriotic, struggle, peace.

Summary:
The current research seeks to shed light on the term motif and its functions in the theatrical text because of its importance in reading and interpreting different discourses. As well as being one of the modern incoming terms in the language of literary criticism in general and theatrical criticism in particular. The text according to an organized approach that relies on evidence and proofs. The research also included a tracing of the motif and its activities in theatrical texts through the ages, starting with Greek myths, passing through the English, Spanish and French theaters, all the way to the contemporary Arab theatre. The research revealed several main levels of the motif at the ideological, social, psychological and expressive levels, as well as the presence of implicit levels of the motif that act as supporting themes for the main idea in the theatrical text.
The research concluded with a conclusion that included the most prominent results that were reached and finally a list of the margins of the research, and then the sources and references. The researcher presents a set of search results:
1. The same motif was repeatedly employed in more than one work in an attempt to confirm the writer's proposals, as in the chairs, the bald singer.
2. He did not rely on the capabilities of language in establishing the motif, but rather made the language a focus of controversy through unconnected dialogues. Unesco was influenced by existential philosophy and pragmatic philosophy in downloading the motif of the ideas it carries from those philosophies.
3. The Unesco motif carries a specific function of inducing the recipient to abandon all reasonableness and adapt to the prevailing absurdity.
Keywords: motif, pragmatism, morphology, motif function.

Abstract
In the first chapter, this paper dealt with the research problem, which included the departure of ceramic art from simplicity and traditionalism to enter the stages of experimentation and investigation of the materials around it, and also dealt with the possibility of using neon candles in the production of low-temperature glass. and its structure and its suitability to the surface of pottery and types of high and low temperature glass. In the third chapter, the researcher grinded the glass of neon candles using a special grinder, and then sifted the resulting glass to get the smallest possible particles through a sieve (120) mesh, and then sprayed the powder with an air-pressure spray gun to give complete control over the application of the glass and then inserted the models Free of any oxide coloring for the oven and starting at a temperature of (900) ° C. The glass models were good with a flat surface and the appearance of gloss, luster and full adhesion on the surface of the pottery model, and then adding a number of coloring oxides in different proportions to the resulting powder and then applying them to the surface of the pottery pieces. Also, the researcher conducted a number of tests on the resulting glass, namely, examining the texture and examining the microscope In the fourth chapter, the researcher reviewed the results reached by the researcher, which are:
1- Through fine grinding, i.e. precise volumetric gradation, glass with good specifications in application and production is produced.
2- The rates of crystallization and the appearance of darkening bubbles were few, as the resulting glass consists of several different materials, that is, it consists of several oxides that vary in density

Research Summary
All modern countries and societies with different systems philosophy and tendencies seek to build support and develop their people. Education is an essential pillar in the development of individuals and it is an important process that is based on the principle of equal opportunities in general and educational opportunities in particular for all individuals in society in thought and practice.
Accordingly ,workers in the field of education in general and those working in the field of special education in particular emphasize directing the humanitarian and educational efforts in the field of special education that are provided to individuals with special needs through educational and educational programs in order to develop their capabilities to the highest possible level. It is worth noting that the category of children with special needs (is extraordinary children who show a significant deviation from the general average of ordinary individuals in their mental, emotional, sensory, motor, and linguistic development which requires special attention by educators for this group of individuals in terms of their personalization methods educational programs and appropriate teaching methods for them.
Children with autism are among the children that fall under the concept of people with special needs. Researchers interested in the phenomenon of autism estimate that out of every ten thousand children there are two or four children who suffer from this disease and the number is increasing however there is no clear policy in raising these children.
According to Elgar Wing 1969, about half of these children are treated in hospitals without ordinary children while the other half are treated in schools without ordinary children and that these children lake afoul understanding of the conditions of their disorder and also lake educational methods that meet their needs .
Therefore, researchers on these samples are required to use targeted therapeutic educational scientific and technical methods for the purpose of reducing the symptoms of the disease and treating them and thus their involvement in society as well as their normal peers.
Therefore, the researchers set an educational unit according to the Bix therapeutic program for the purpose of enhancing the focus of attention among children with autism and to verify the goal of the research the following hypothesis was developed :
1- There were no statistically significant differences at the level 0,05 between the pretest and post- test results of the experimental group.
After the two researchers completed the procedures of the study that dealt with knowing the effect of using technical units in enhancing the focus of attention in autistic children.
The researcher reached a number of results within the aim of the research and for the purpose of reaching that goal the validity of the hypothesis that was set for the research was tested and stipulated the following : ((There is no statistically significant relationship at level (0,05) between the pre and post test of the experimental group))
The researcher has used the T – test of two interconnected samples to extract the calculated T for the purpose of testing the hypothesis, so that the results will show the calculated T value equal to (6,0432) and it's greater than the tabular T (2,0860) at the level of significance (0,05) and degree of freedom (20). Based on this result, we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative.
The results revealed that there is a clear progress with the experimental group as there is a clear difference in enhancing focus and attention and this depends on the type of technical units prepared according to a scientific basis in its steps enhancing its advantages addressing its shortcomings as well as the coach's performance and the method he uses with children.
Keywords: Concentration, attention, child, autism

Abstract
The research is summarized in four chapters. The first chapter includes the methodological framework that includes the research problem centered on the following question: (What is the position of the chorus Salah Abdel-Sabour،s dramatical texts?). As for the aim of the research, the research aims to identify The position of the Chorus Salah Abdel-Sabour،s dramatical texts , and the search is determined by the Arabic dramatic texts of the Egyptian theatrical author (Salah Abdel Sabour) in which he entered the groups for the period (1964-1975).
The second chapter deals with the theoretical framework and previous studies, and the theoretical framework consists of searching for the three topic: the first topic, the concept of position in psychology, which The secend topic, the Chorus in the texts of the nineteenth-century theatrical temporary, which The third topic, the intellectual references of the playwright (Salah Abdel Sabour).
The third chapter is determined in the research procedures together: the research community, and the research sample, as the researcher used the intention sample, and the play (the tragedy of Hallaj) represented the research sample.
As for the fourth chapter in the research results, which are based on sample analysis:
1- The Chorus of the poor did not possess a patriarchal spirit and an objective attitude towards al-Hallaj, but rather they were humiliating people who witnessed falsehood in exchange for money.
2-The Chorus represented the public opinion of the people with their false words that killed the truth.
3-There are other Chorus, the mystical Chorus, described as fools, which left al-Hallaj to be killed, as they were a tool that the other used to set the stage and they did not understand that.
Kea words: position, chorus, dramatic text, Salah Abdel - Sabour.

Abstract
The artistic discourse expresses the aesthetic data in human thought, as its expressive forms are manifested in a structural system that is subject to a dialectical process and invests several ways to express the process of aesthetic representation. To a subjective and psychological tendency that enhances the intellectual nature of images of expression, and the implications of this understanding can be indicated by reviewing the most important pioneers and artists who combine the style of expressionism and surrealism, including the Belgian artist (René Magritte), who plays a fundamental role and vital effectiveness in the life of the person through which he has become About himself, his ideas and his needs, and the response of the two researchers, through the current research tagged (Conceptual Dimensions of Expressionism in Rene Magritte’s drawings), is interested in studying the artist’s products from his artistic treatments and his aesthetic proposals in order to be able to pursue such a vision and a perceptual image. As the artist sought to express the system of the self and the internal charges, giving them a form consistent with the mental statements of the Showing the image of the inner reality, and the current research included four chapters. The first chapter was concerned with clarifying the research problem, which is determined by the following question: - (Are there conceptual dimensions and expressive connotations in Rene Magritte's drawings? ) The importance of the current research is also evident in that it benefits those interested in plastic criticism by looking at the conceptual propositions of each of Rene Magritte's expressive drawings.
The research aims to (know the conceptual dimensions of Expressionism in Rene Magritte’s drawings), and its limits were limited to the analysis of models for paintings painted in oil and watercolors and executed in Germany for the period (1930-1964 AD) by adopting the analytical approach in an attempt to extract proposals for the conceptual dimension of Expressionism and its various connotations through the artworks of drawings Rene Magritte. The second chapter contained two sections. The first section dealt with: the conceptual and historical context of Expressionism, while the second topic dealt with (features of expression in the surrealist drawings of (René Magritte) and the third chapter included the applications of the conceptual dimensions of Expressionism in Rene Magritte’s drawings. Through the research procedures that included the research community, the research sample, the research tool, and the analysis of the research samples, which amounted to (6) samples, while the fourth chapter included the results and conclusions, in addition to the recommendations and suggestions, and the two researchers reached basic results, including:
1)At the level of expression with the relationships of formation: the conceptual dimensions appeared through expression in the relationships of formation and their work in their participation in the elements of the artistic work and the connotations it carries, as it was achieved in the unit in all the research sample.
The two researchers drew a number of conclusions, and my agency: - René Magritte's art constituted an appropriate way of expressing the human self, embodied through the increased ability of the artist and the recipient to interpret, compose and reflect on the formulation of ideas and forms. The researchers also recommend, through the findings of the research, the following: - Interest in studying conceptual dimensions in art in general and in plastic art and painting in particular, as it is one of the intellectually influential means of communication, and to achieve the benefit, the researchers suggest conducting the following studies: Conceptual and aesthetic dimensions in Marc Chagall's drawings. The research ended with a set of sources and appendices
Keywords: Rene Magritte, Expressionism, Conceptual Dimensions

Research Summary:

The term active learning emerged in the last years of the twentieth century and increased interest in it clearly with the beginning of the twenty-first century, so the problem of the current research was represented by the following question (What is the extent to which active learning strategies are employed by art education teachers in the preparatory stage?) As for the objectives. As well as revealing the employment of the active learning strategy by art education teachers. The active learning strategies that can be used in the art education lesson are known. The limits of the research were temporal limits: the selection of some active learning strategies in teaching art education for the academic year 1019-2020. The study sample is from fourth year middle school students at Al-Qasim Secondary School, Directorate of Education in Babylon. Objective limits: implementation of the lesson on some subjects of the art education subject. The second chapter consists of the theoretical framework of defining active learning and the advantages of active learning, presenting the art education lesson in an active learning manner, and obstacles to the application of active learning. Then some active learning strategies, then the third chapter, which consisted of the research community, which consisted of five schools, and the research sample, which was (20) teachers from Al-Qasim district schools, and the source of the research. The results of the research and their interpretation, which was the most important due to the fact that it included students in many activities that make the subject of art education a living and practical subject that contributes to the development of art education. The degree of students' attitudes and love for studying the subject and its teaching methods, which is consistent with the results of previous studies, including: Goerlitz's 1997 study, Cavanaugh's 1998's study, Van Dijk's 2000's study, and Muhammad Hindi's study (2002), Drake study (2002), and Cooper study (2003). Then recommendations and suggestions through the results of the study, the researcher recommends the following: The need to pay attention to educating students, teachers and officials of the importance of active learning for skills development, including creative thinking skills and direction, which is What sometimes detracts from the methods of teaching art education. And then the sources and references in Arabic and foreign languages.

Abstract :
Many engraving and engraving artists, regardless of their schools and artistic trends throughout history, turned to direct change. One of the main motives for this was the keenness of these artists to translate their creative visions and ideas into the print format, during which time their feelings and emotions were born.
The history of the art of engraving and printing has witnessed the wonderful works of many artists of direct expression, starting with expressionists and many other artists, contemporary speakers and pioneers, but their works are described as rich, technical diversity, and formal dazzling, however, they came full of expression, sense and emotion.
These artists believe that the only way to produce an honest work of art is to transfer the direct feeling and emotional expression from an artist to the printing surface.
The invention of printing is the greatest invention in human history at all, as it facilitated the dissemination of scientific research and experiments, which facilitated the way for scientists in various fields to complete their inventions that made humanity happy. And printing provided science and culture to everyone, even the poor, and facilitated preservation and benefiting from the human heritage, and through it, the heritage was transmitted from one generation to another and from one country to another.
Through the diverse experiences of artists in the field of engraving and engraving and engraving since the Renaissance until our time, we can say that the graphic art is one of the arts that has been characterized by the use of different methods and methods, which include beautiful and plastic values and relationships developed, and it highlights a lot of creative values through the experiences and works of a group of engraving and printing artists. The cavernous Arabs and foreigners are among these artists.
Keywords: graphic technical techniques, technological development, gravure and etching, diversity of artistic prints.