Gulf Economist

Sukuk is one of the alternatives that play an important role in financing economic development by attracting liquidity from economic units with surplus funds to those that are in short supply. The most prominent feature of these financial instruments is that they are issued according to legitimate controls, in addition to the diversity of forms, which makes them meet the wishes of a class of investors would like to invest savings in ways that are permissible by law.
Given the increasing needs of financing for economic development, many countries, especially Islamic ones, have sought to benefit from sovereign Islamic instruments in managing their public debt as an alternative or addition to traditional public debt instruments.
The experience of Bahrain is one of the pioneering experiences in issuing sovereign sukuks in the management of public debt and thus financing economic development.
Keywords: Islamic instruments, public debt, sovereign, Shari\'a controls.

One of the most important economic development strategy adopted by oil States to ensure economic stability and raising economic growth rates is economic diversification and Qatar were States which sought to achieve this goal, and put it as a priority in its future vision for the year 2030. So this study sought to indicate the economic reality of the State of Qatar before economic diversification programmes, the most important goals that have been achieved in this area and the most important platform for Qatar\'s future vision in this area. The study found that the State of Qatar tried to maintain a high standard of living for its citizens, not through sustainable growth rates, but at the expense of the low rate of domestic savings, as to wiggle and unstable inflation, will reflect negatively on the estimation of economic accounts and then make investment decisions.

Based on the importance of aesthetic capability in the organizational literature, the South Refineries Company can face environmental changes and develop its products. It is based on a problem that represents a weak quality of oil products, which was crystallized through interviews and preliminary survey, The studies were carried out to reveal the role played by the organizational aesthetic capability of the Southern Refineries Company to develop the products.
A questionnaire was developed to certain the existence of a relationship between the variables of the study and relying on the total sample of the studies, where 146 questionnaires were distributed to the technical and administrative managers in the South Refinery Company in Basra and was returned 105.
As analyzed by the program ( AMOS v.24 and SPSs v.24 ) where the analysis included tests of stability and path analysis .
The studies came out with conclusions, the most prominent of which is: The organizational aesthetic capability leads to the development of products by the South Refineries Company because it reflects the excellence of managers working in the company refineries capabilities and skills that lead to increase the core values, The nature of the work itself is thus minimized.

The electric power sector (production, transport, distribution) suffered from many challenges which led to its inability to meet the large demand and thus it was unable to provide the electricity required for consumption of all its categories (domestic, industrial, commercial, agricultural, governmental). Political instability and security over the past decades and the associated obsolescence of the infrastructure provided the inability to develop. This is led the Ministry of Electricity to sign the investment contract (collection, maintenance and rehabilitation) with a UAE company in order to raise the cost of electricity to consumption of all types and improve develop transport networks for electric power and eliminate excesses and the installation of smart meters that calculate the wages of electricity. Challenges to the inability of the Ministry of Electricity To increase production capacity, which covers the volume of aggregate demand and thus an assessment of the investment contract signed by the Ministry of Electricity which goal to solve problem of frequent and continuing interruption of electricity consumption and to make recommendations that reduce the crisis.

The research aims to determine the level of the use of information technology by the academics of University of Basrah and then its effect in enabling them structurally by comparative study between the scientific and humanity colleges at Basra University . The sample of the research was (185) of academics of scientific and (103) humanity colleges at the University of Basrah , A questionnaire was designed for this purpose basing on study plan that is made of two variables (Information Technology, Structural Empowerment ) , so the research hypothesis was formed .Accordingly , the researchers worked on the methodology of the research and then the theoretical and the practical framework. They use the course analysis in testing research hypothesis and basing on the results of statistical analysis researchers concluded that there is appositive significance of using information technology in Structural Empowerment to academics of University of Basra. Therefore, researchers recommended the adoption of the use of information technology at a higher level in both scientific and humanity colleges in University of Basra for the positive results achieved by empowering academics to access to the information they need to complete their scientific tasks.

Key words: - Information technology, structural empowerment

Financial markets play an important role in driving growth for economical development ,through by doing many jobs ,Including the financing of productive activities and mobilization of savings, and raising the rate of productive activities for investment .The research aims to know the role of technical analysis and its tools, in measuring the role of technical analysis and its tools, in measuring th change in the performance of the Dubai financial market index ,by the( RsI) and the moving average ,in order to identify future invest ment areas and possibility of curbing its risks where it can be controlled on the Dubai financial market index, and the volatility of the Dubai market, thus affecting the size of private sector saving in future. The researcher came to the conclusion that, the relative strength index( RsI )index for Emaar real estate company in Dubai is less than 70%where the index was 47% in 2016 which helps us know the perfect buying and selling time, so that we can reduce risk and maximize profits.

Oil revenues in the GCC countries one of the most important economic resources . It contribute significantly to the composition of GDP. Public revenue, depends in these countries to a large extent on oil revenues and less on other funding sources such as taxes revenues , and foreign investments . Since these revenues subject to several fluctuations as a result of their impact with a number of factors the most important:oil prices, real oil prices, the political situation, oil reserves, production capacity, and the global market need. These revenues finance the public expenditure in these countries. Military expenditures are part of the public expenditure in any country They differ in terms of size and importance of one state to another ,from time to time. These expenditures be approved in the state budget within the framework of maintaining and defending the security of the state when exposed to aggression or any potential external threat. Whereas a proportion of military spending is determined according to the nature of the circumstances which the state passes through. Hence oil revenues exert great impact in determining the size of military spending in oil states. The importance of research came as it spotlights the relationship between oil revenues and military spending. Oil revenues are the main source of financing the public expenditure. The public spending dependence on oil revenues make the economies of these countries in a critical situation in periods of volatility and instability of those revenue , thus this is reflected in its impact on military spending which is part of general expenses.