KARBALĀʾ HERITAGE Quarterly Authorized Journal Specialized in Karbalāʾ Heritage

Praise be to Allah who taught to write with the pen٫ and taught man what he knew not; and peace and blessing be on His honorable prophet٫ and his infallible progeny٫ the masters of nations. The Holy Quran is٫ indeed٫ the eternal miracle٫ the source of Islamic legislation٫ and the most perfect social system ever designed for the welfare and prosperity of mankind if it ever committed itself to it٫ and followed the infallible Divine Teachings contained therein in order to maintain its human
nature and attain its perfection٫ as the Almighty Allah says: “Surely this Quran guides to that which is most upright and gives good news to the believers who do good that they shall have a great reward”(Israa: 09).
Therefore٫ Muslims provided a great deal of care to the Quran in terms of recitation٫ memorization٫ studying٫ teaching٫ commenting and interpretation٫ in view of the numerous fields of involved knowledge that can greatly contribute to human enlightenment in general and Islamic
education in particular.The importance of such attention lies in the fact that it is the prime resource of Islamic knowledge
in creed and jurisprudence. Muslims used to learn the teachings٫ legislation and rulings of Quran٫ when revealed٫ through the Prophet(SAAW) and his companions; and that formed the cornerstone of the Quranic education٫ and then educational seminars followed
and spread.Later٫ writings on a number of its subjects began to disseminate dealing with different sciences of the Quran in brief and in detail. Sayyed Hibatuddin Al-Husseini Al-Shihristani was one of
the late pioneers who wrote on Quranic sciences and a prominent
scholar of this Holy City.However٫ unfortunately٫most of his writings are still manuscripts and dispersed on thousands of pages that were written decades ago.For this study٫ I considered the idea of collecting٫ studying and critically editing in one of the subjects of Quranic Sciences(Muhkam & Mutashabih) in an attempt to revive the legacy of one of our eminent scholars٫ and enrich the Islamic library with his
works٫ for it will certainly be a service in the way of Allah's
Book and a work that will serve students and scholars. The paper includes an introduction and a preface where
the biography of Sayyed Al-Shihristani is presented in
brief.Then٫ four chapters follow; the first provides a
definition for(Muhkam & Mutashabih)٫ the second gives an
interpretation for the verse of(Muhkam & Mutashabih),the
third discusses the powerful evidence on the existence of
Muhkam & Mutashabih in the Holy Quran and the fourth
touches on the verses of the humanization of Allah and their
impacts on the Islamic creed.

In its geographical and spatial ( physical) concept
Karbala occupies a moral dimension which is in
harmony with its spiritual and intellectual standing ;
it is unique. Generally speaking، dictionaries usually
provide the linguistic meaning، however، when dealing
with Karbala، there is a hidden view stemming from
the symbolism which dominated the scene over the
literal and the geographical meaning.
The present study tries to pursue and trace the
comments the dictionaries ‘ authors add to the word
Karbala and its geographical location; they are
considered a sort of digression which goes beyond
what is actually needed but still they can be looked at
from a different angle which is that of the way and the
symbolism the authors of such dictionaries attach to
Karbala through the examples they give figuring out
and reflecting this symbolism.
This symbolism is as varied as the viewpoints of
the authors of such dictionaries. This symbolism is sometimes intellectual and this is clear when talking
about the front of right and that of wrong without
ignoring the psychological side in addition to the
jurisprudential and regard bases when dealing with the
intellectual symbolism of Karbala. Besides، one can
easily notice the emotional the symbolism mentioned
in such dictionaries especially the poems which reflect
this emotional meaning and also the symbolism of
sorrow in addition to the variety of emotional image
and their ranks and stages.
This Husainy’s epic has its impact on all societies;
this impact is of intellectual and emotional nature in
addition to other sorts of impact. Authors of such dictionaries did not ignore the historical and cultural symbolism of Karbala. This is clear in the harmony and the symbolism noticed
between the name of Karbala from the literal meaning
of it and the collocation and relation of it with the
martyrdom of Imam Husain (pbuh) in addition to
the surrounding circumstance shown through the examples given. The cultural symbolism is clearly
seen through the assertion of the authors of such
dictionaries on the holy grave and the holy shrine and
how it is taken to be an intellectual and fundamental
radiation and a starting point for all Muslims and
researchers looking for reformation.
Such quotations and citation which formed Karbala
symbolism were considered an approach، body and
considerable view of the linguistic dictionaries which
cannot be grasped from the first glance but when
relating and connecting thoughts، we can come out
with a conclusion which clarifies such viewpoints and
justifies their philosophy and provide us with an image
which show the impact Karbala has on humanity
due to its symbolism drawn and derived from Imam
Husain «pbuh»

The Islamic history is full of a great number of
great happenings in addition to a great number of
people killed، the matter which is incredible but still
Al- Taff Battle has greater impact and it is more tragic
and it has greater effect on the spirits of the faithful
due to the fact that the grandson of the Prophet(pbuh
& progeny) was killed in it in addition to his progeny
and family members being taken as captives in(61
A.H / 680 A.D ) and their being murdered(pbuh th). It
is considered a station to give one's memory desires،
etc and it is an epic with all good and bad deeds; it has
its role and affairs in registering the glorious deeds of
the Prophets' progeny(pbuh th).
Al- Taff Battle(epic) was considered one of their
intellectual pillars(bases). We tried to com concentrate
on one major side of it with an artistic nature where
historical happenings were mixed with artistic
creativity of Ahlul – Bait's speech together with that of
Imam Husain's followers'(companions ) speech(pbuhth) of the martyrs in Al- Taff Battle. Their poetry was
rendered a record and sheets for Muslems reflecting
their principles as they were considered the tongue
which expresses and clearly shows their mission in
life and the true media of their heroic and Jihadic route
in life. Through these arajees ' said in the battle field،
they sacrificed their souls and they kept the principles
of Islam

Specialists in scientific methodology face more difficulty
in providing a definite concept for the descriptive approach
than that for the other research approaches due
to their differences in deciding the aim this approach
achieves :between the phenomenon up to explicating
the relation and its extent and proportion and discovering
the reasons behind its emergence .In spite of
this ،the descriptive approach is commonly used in
the scientific researches.
The descriptive approach is one form of scientific
and systematic analysis and illustration used for describing
a particular phenomenon or a certain problem
and for figuring it out quantatively by means of
collecting data and codified information about the
phenomenon or the problem and analyzing it and then
subjecting it to a careful and precise study.
When the researche uses the descriptive approach
he /she does not explicate or describe all the phenomena
،but rather he /she selects the phenomena that are
of advantage and are related to his study and starts
to describe them so as to prove and verify the scientific
fact .He /she is also supposed to mix and combine
what he /she has come out with the historical
approach – especially if the subject of the study is of
a historical or religious characteristic .The historical
approach relies on documenting and explicating the
historical fact as it traces and looks for a particular
historical phenomenon through happenings proved
by other historians or mentioned by ordinary people
provided that the historical data and evidence are
subjected to critical analysis so as to see their authenticity
and validity ; it is not just for understanding the
past but also for future planning.
The descriptive approach is one of the modern scientific
approaches used in research studies .This approach
has a number of stages starting with assigning
the problem followed by setting the hypothese and
them testing the validity and trueness of such hypotheses
up to getting to the results and conclusions .This
requires a number of the scientic steps to take place
the most important of which are :putting the problem
of the research in a form of question or questions and
then setting the hypotheses as suggestive answers for
the problem directing the research towards coming
out with and choosing such answers and solutions.

Sheikh Mohammad Taqi Al- shirazi had a significant
role in the 1920 Revolution، in the consensus opinions
of most national figures of Iraq even the British
themselves.
The period immediately before the revolution
witnessed contacts and correspondences between
him and the local figures and the chiefs of Al-
Hijaz for the preparations of the revolution.
An important meeting was held in Karbala in 4
may 1920 and attended by a number of sheikhs of
the south and middle Euphrates. They disused in it
the issue of the armed revolution against the British.
Some people believed that Al- shirazi had allowed
for the revolution in the meeting. Different factors were behind protesting against the British، hence، the revolution: prosecution، repression، and arresting the leading figures of the n ational movement، including Mohammad Ridha Al- shirazi However k sheikh Mohammad Taqi Alshirazi had supported that revolution on its different aspects(political، social، and organizational) till his .death in 18 August 1920

The holy Karbala city became crowded with scholars
and jurisprudents who came to it after the martyrdom
of Imam Husain(pbuh) and they had a great role in establishing
the scientic and religious Hawza. In the
seventh century A.D. Imam Jaafar Al- Sadiq (pbuh)
with a number of followers and companions(pbuh)
lived in it and established the first religious school
which was considered the core and the starting point
for the scientific Hawzah’ in it.
Karbala Hawzah flourished at the time when the
Shiite arrived at Karbala land during the Abbasid caliph،
Al- Muntasir Billah. A number of prominent Islamic religious figures and scholars appeared who represented the elite of the Islamic religious scholars in the holy Karbala city،the most prominent of whom was Muhammad Bin Al- Husain Al- Ashtany and Al- Sheikh Hameed Bin Ziyad was the first who founded the first Shiite Scientific Hawzah› in the twelfth Imamate history af ter the longest Non- presence(Al- Ghaybah) Al- Kubra) in the holy Karbala city as many scholars attended
to him and received Al- Hadeeth from him، the most glorious of whom was Muhammad Bin Yaqoob Al- Kulainy who recited one – thirdof Al- Kaffy till thorough him. The scientific Hawzah did not stop and continued from one generation to the other till
the period of Al- Sheikh Al- Waheed Al- Bahbahany
who supported the، Ijithad، movement of the Shiite
Imamate through following and supporting the
school of the Originality(Al- Usooliyah) depending
on the most important of deduction of the lawful jurisprudence
laws repnesented by the Holy Quran and
the prophets›(pbuh& progeny) Sunnah and the twelfth
Imams of Ahlul- Bait(pbuth). Accordingly، he created
a scientific atmosphere with scientific viewpoints
attracting a great number of students and scholars of
the other school. Through that movement، he could
prove his ideas and viewpoints with no complexity.
As a consequence، he was considered the first among the scholars of the twelfth century A.H and also a
r e n e wer of the school of originality at the same time

Karbala City has gained a great historical reputation
characterized by a religious characteristic due to
the presence of the holy shrines of the virtuous Imams
of the Prophet›s progeny(bputh) . This resulted in the
city being the centre of attraction for a great number
of pilgrims(vistors) from all over the world . Besides،
it also became a centre of attraction for many students
and scholars from different countries . Consequently،
it became not only a place of visiting and blessing but
rather a great an intellectual and scientific centre .
The city became intellectually prominent due to the
presence of a great number of scholars، poets and
students and seekers of knowledge، generation after
generation . Getting to the eleventh and twelfth centuries،
Karbala was on top of the list of the intellectual
cities of the Islamic world in general and of the Shiite
world in particular . Its intellectual impact was clearly
shown because of the presence of great scholars and
poets who devoted all their life time to serve people . That was clearly noticed through the two sheiks، Al-
Bahrany and Al- sayyad Al- Bahbahany and the intellectual
debate and argument taking place between
their two schools which resulted in a great advantage
till the present time . On the other hand a number of
poets devoted most of their time to Al- Taff Battle to
acquaint all the world with it in their particular way
through their beautiful and lovely poems reflecting
Al- Taff Battle and the happenings of it in particular
and also the situation of the country in general at
that time . As a consequence، the two centuries mentioned
above were considered an impetus and a starting
point for most of the intellect and literature of
Karbala in the time to come.

The Wahabi Invasion of the Holy Shrine of Imam
Hussein (pbuh) in 1802 in the Books of the Foreign
Travelers and Officials.
The Holy Shrine of Imam Hussein (pbuh) has granted
the city of Karbala' a particular importance not in the
eyes of the Muslim Shi'ahs or other Muslims alone،but
of the humanity in general. This due to the fact that
Imam Hussein (pbuh) had high principles and values
for liberty and for rejecting tyranny. However،in
the course of time، Imam Hussein (pbuh) became the
center of the freedom for all the Muslim generations
that the malicious and Al- Nawasib the Hostile to the
Mohammedan House were so motivated to demolish
his shrine at Karbala' in the mid of the Eighteenth
Century. They prepared many successive campaigns
to achieve this goal. Beside that،they exercised the
most awful and shameful deeds as looting،assassin
ations،destruction and burning. Hence،this article
sheds lights on one of such invasions that aimed to destroy the Holy Shrine of Imam Hussin (pbuh) in
1802 throughout the books of the external travelers
and officials who visited Iraq in various historical periods.
They have mentioned،in details،the ugly enmity
o f the Wahabis in that invasion and its later results.

The Iraqi People’s uprising was not a separate and
an independent happening but rather it was a natural
consequence of the People’s sufferings all over the
years .It came as a strong and truthful reaction and rejection
of all types of frustration resulting in the need
for breaking the bonds and handcuffs which tied up
the people .Our(People’s )history is a series of heroic
actions and stands characterized by great sacrifice for
the sake of its dignity and honour .The uprising was
a sort of blood immersions and baptism against the
dictatorate deeds and offensive ruling.