AL-ADAB JOURNAL

Civil wars, conflicts, and the spread of terror in recent times have produced a lot of loss and left great many victims. The terrorist assaults on women like the kidnappings of more than twenty-seven young female students by the terrorist organization Boko Haram and the news about the widespread rape and sexual exploitation in regions of conflict have prompted several theatrical plays in the United States that picture those crimes of violence. Works by women of African origin who migrated to the States as well as those who reside in Africa have also exposed the suffering of African women as far as sexual violence, oppression, and disease are concerned. The main purpose of this research paper is to investigate in detail Gurira 's Eclipsed through the lens of transnationalism as a recent field of inquiry which has emerged as another theoretical theory through which we can see the brutal acts against women in times of war. An example of those acts is those that took place during the Liberian Civil War in 2003. The helpless women in the play are caught in an intolerable state that lets them be treated like slaves who have lost their bodies and souls, and how do they pass their calamities.

The research examines the reasons behind the dominance of morphology level in the Arabic language. The research started defining the concept of dominance, and the position of scholars regarding it in linguistic analysis, and the manifestations of this defect in the morphology level in Arabic, besides the impact of this phenomenon on the interpretation of the word structure in Arabic to clarify its effect on plural, feminine, masculine, and diminutive, and various morphological issues.The problem of this research stemmed from the prevalence of the causes of dominance. It entails the causes of dominance, the position of scholars, and the manifestations of its prevalence in linguistic analysis, particularly in the morphology. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method by collecting and analyzing the causes of dominance in the linguistic lesson with the scarce number of research examining this phenomenon. The importance of this research comes in identifying this phenomenon and its impact on the language.

Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale is a salient dystopian fiction considered as an allusion to the reader's reality, where it highlights a futuristic totalitarian regime in which people are dehumanized and live in horror and indignity. However, the purpose of this paper is to explore the class conflict between the various women's social classes under the Gileadean regime and its resulting persecution. Moreover, this study adopts Marxist Feminism as a theoretical framework to read the text and explore the implications of social class conflicts and clashes among women in the household. Consequently, the current paper reached the following findings: First, the Gileadean regime deliberately creates differences among the women in the household in order to exploit them and creates a state of conflict among themselves. Second, the regime fabricated a false consciousness among each class, especially the Handmaids, to deceive them and make them think they are superior in society in order to keep them under control so as to be used as sacred vessels or fertile reproduction machines for the infertile women of high class. Finally, Gilead was able to make women turn on each other as the upper class of women played the role of patriarchy in persecuting the inferior classes of women.

City is one of the important themes widely represented in world literature, including Russian and Arabic literature, especially in the literary works of its pioneers. It is considered one of the resources of their poetry, despite the different opinions over this issue. We are not here to explain the transformation of the city in modern poetry; but how is the idea of the city developed in poetry compared to the influence of the countryside on their poetry? Whether the city or the village, has a clear influence on poetry through a group of symbols associated with their poetry besides the search for a city that some longed for, although at first it seemed naive and simple, it soon began to develop. Hence, the topic of the city is the main concern here besides, trying to find out how this idea developed in poetry, and how it influenced the poetic experience in general. Here, the work of the Iraqi poet Bader Shaker Al-Sayyab and the Russian poet Sergei Yesenin, both of them wrote about the city, is examined.

This research is concerned with the phonetic comments of Ibn Hisham Al Lakhmi in his Book (Al Madkhal Ila tagweem Al Lisan wo Ta'aleem Al Bayan) wherein he replied to Ibn Makki Al Saggali’s book (Tathgeef Al Lisan Wo Talgeeh Al Jenan). Ibn Makki identifies the Arabic language situation in Sicilia during the 6th Hijri century, he mistaken the public in his era and consider them have mistaken the way to exercise it.In a reply to Ibn Makki. Ibn Hisham pointed out; whatever has been considered as a distortion by Ibn Makki in fact wasn’t true, and described Ibn Makki’s statements as an illusion.The aim of this research paper is to investigate the phonetic phenomena of Arabic language for Sicilian people during the 6th Hijri century, through what has been stated by Ibn Hisham, and to identify his stand from the opinion of Ibn Makki regarding those phonetic phenomena.

The research investigates the representation of primary education services in the maps of the Al-Maimuna district. Modern technologies have been used via the use of information and data in the maps preparation with high accuracy in drawing, design and information as well as deduction, updating and analysis. The research has revealed the total number of primary schools in the district of Al-Maimuna for the year 2021 ( 101 ) schools, the center of Al-Maimuna ranked first with the largest number of schools and then the side of Al-Salaam in second place while the area of Sayed Ahmed Rifai came in The third and last rank. The research proved that the number of primary schools is not commensurate with the number of students in the judiciary according to the global standard for the number of students in one class. Through this study, it was concluded that the district of Maimuna needs (13) schools for the purpose of achieving the ideal number of schools.

Perhaps the relationship between Taha Hussein and Ma’ari attracted the attention and was paradoxical because this relationship came as a result of the hate from Taha Hussein to Al- Ma’arii that turned into an eternal love which made Taha Hussein produce books to expose this love between them. aha Hussein’s writing on Al Ma’arri modern literary criticism constituted a major component in reading this poet, who was and still act as problematic in a stage of old Arabic literature so within this problem, this research came up with the idea of reading the book named ‘’with Abo Al Alla’ in his prison ‘’. The critics read this book as a pure critical book without looking at the biography inside, which makes readers to present this side in the title ‘’ Mirrors of Autobiographies in ’’ with Abo Al Alla’in his Prison ‘’. These mirrors were: the mirror of Diqas, the mirror of self, mirror of Bashar bin Burd, Al Mutanabi mirror, the mirror of the exalted text, the mirror of Al -Marri’s text and all of these mirrors formed the biography of Al Marrii as founded by Taha Hussein and lived with Al Maarii in his prison where he recorded his observations through these mirrors.

This study tends to highlight the stylistic features of an Andalusian poet, Idris bin Al-Yaman, and to expose the aesthetic aspects of his poetic writings, through three topics: The first topic includes rhythmic via rhythmic methods used in his poetry such as external and internal rhythm structure. The appropriate language of poetic line and rhyme, as well as repetition and parallelism, are used to enhance the rhythm in his poetry. The second topic has been devoted to the synthetic structure of a question, an appeal, and the actual composition, which gave his poetry an aesthetic and artistic dimension. As for the third topic, it included the semantic structure and highlighting the role of the artistic image and its delivery to the audience in the best way. Idris used analogy, and metaphor to clarify his meanings and to give aesthetic character to his poetic texts. Finally, the research has ended with a conclusion, and then the sources and references cited.

This study aims to reveal the uses of the verbs (wazara) and (wadaa) from syntactic and semantic perspectives in the Holy Quran. The study followed the descriptive analytical and inductive approach, and it was presented in three phases: The two verbs (Wazara) and (wadaa) in Arabic language; the causes of their lack of conjugation of verbs; and its syntactic and semantic uses in the Holy Quran. The study has come up with a number of findings. The most prominent of which are: The reasons that led to the lack of conjugation in the two verbs development and the linguistic uses of them. The verbs (Wazara) is mentioned in the present and imperative forms in line with the opinion of the grammarians, it comes in the present tense twenty –two times and in the imperative form seventeen times, while the verb (Wadaa) mentioned tow times only; once in the imperative form and other in the past tense, objecting to the opinion of the grammarians, when they said it comes in the form of the accusative and imperative, and their indication is to leave in general in all forms, one of the most prominent context in which the present tense is mentioned is form (Wazara): Remove the ambiguity, Threat and Intimidation , denial interrogation, prayer and pespair, Rebuke and rebuke, while the imperative verb it comes in the context of threats intimidation and exaggeration of the outcome, entertainment and contempt, guidance and direction, while the verb (Wadaa) comes in entertainment to the past simple tense, guidance and directions for imperative verb

Interest in autobiography emerged as an independent narrative genre at the end of the nineteenth century, which made it technically qualified for analysis according to the latest narrative theories. The biography of Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid is subjected to this analytical study to reveal the structure of the narrative place. The study revealed six spatial axes presented by the text, which are: types of places, when multiple types of places appeared that formed this axis, such as: the private place, and the place The closed, and the geometrical place... The second axis presented the significance of the place, such as: significance, expressiveness, symbolic significance, and functional significance. Through the third axis, the research presented the functions of the place, where the functional roles played by the place were revealed. Such as the cognitive role, the educational role, and the critical role, within the external functions of the place, contributing to the consolidation of human relations, and revealing the feelings of personalities within the internal functions of the place. The fourth axis showed the relationship between space and time, to emphasize the inseparability of the relationship between them by revealing how space and time relate. The fifth axis identified the place and its relationship to the description when it dealt with the aesthetics of the narrative place in the biography by highlighting the descriptive images of the place, which contributed to revealing the political, historical, social, and economic contents of the place. This increases the reader's connection to the text. Thus, the importance of the sixth axis emerged in emphasizing the extent of the role played by the place in the text's completion by linking the six axes included in the study.

This research first discusses the vital and prominent role that women played in the field of literature, and in the field of poetry in particular, and how the personalities of women poets were distinguished in human history, from ancient civilizations to our modern days, until we found in every country, country or region, a female poetic art Distinguished by its presentation, visualization, imagination, and rhythm. Secondly, it discusses the two main concepts of criticism, namely the concept of "feminist literature" and "women's literature", which provoked a wide discussion. Thirdly, it discusses the emergence of women's poetry in the United Arab Emirates, the uniqueness of this poetry in its Arab surroundings, and the uniqueness of each of the poets of the United Arab Emirates, with her own style and form of writing. This made our discussion on this subject a serious introduction to the study of Emirati women's poetry.
I have divided this research into three areas or areas or topics, namely: women and poetry in the world, women and poetry in the Arab world, and women and poetry in the UAE, with reference to the most important female poetic names.
We concluded the research by placing the conclusions that appeared to us through our research on this subject.

This study depends on classification of narrative scenes in novels written by Dr. Sultan Al Qasimi. It deals with their themes, setting, and characters. It confirms the historical occurrence of the facts and the denial of any additions or fantasies in his novels. The narrative scenes are not fiction or away from the truth. The study deals with the concept of place, and it gives an aesthetic formation to narrative text, especially as it is the base in the novel structure and the main factor for character development. So, the narrator gave great attention to the place in his novels since it has an aesthetic effect on the scenes. The study focused on the issue of how the novelist can aesthetically form a place element in the narrative text and what are the indications of place in the novels? We have dealt with the aesthetic formation of a place through its relation to the description. We shed light on different viewpoints on the impact of the concept of place in the narrative text, the changes in the technical structures of place and the impact of traditional and modern structures on the scenes of Dr. Sultan Al Qasimi's novels. We have dealt with the place of scenes where the narrator combined geographical and historical formation of place. Also, we have dealt with studying the narrative scenes in terms of type of places: opened and closed places and the diversification between them. We have also dealt with the aesthetic impact of place on narrative structure.

This study seeks to identify the most prominent grammatical structures beginning with the word Allah in the twenty-third part of the Glorious Qur’an, and aims to reach the most prominent implications inherent in its grammatical structure. Also aims to reveal the significance of the project (grammatical structures in the Glorious Qur’an). For this reason, the researchers adopted the descriptive analytical inductive method. The study was divided into: an introduction, and two parts. The study has been concluded with the most important findings and recommendations.

Many Algerian writers and literary figures have been calling on Arab peoples and directing their youth to absorb from the depths of the Arab-Islamic civilization. In so doing, they have enriched the Arabic library with a rich literary and poetic heritage, which is a significant addition of creativity that has enriched and developed the Arab-Islamic dimension.
What I seek to illustrate in this research study is an analysis of the motives inherent in the Algerian personality that have led its elites to crystalize and reformulate a national consciousness and propensity for Arabism and Islam, not only in Algeria but also in the Arab world as a whole. And, also, to search for a set of answers related to some fundamental questions in this subject, including: What is the relationship of Algerian personality and national awareness in the modern era? What are the factors of spreading national awareness among the Algerian elites? What are the manifestations of the Algerian contribution to the Arab national thought, and how to deal with the dilemma of Arab identity struggle among the Algerian elites?

This current research sheds light on the armed Yazidi movement in 1935 to grasp its causes and its impact on Iraq's domestic and foreign policy. This study is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the Iraqi government's position regarding the Yazidis' rejection of compulsory conscription laws. It highlights the government's stance towards Daoud Al-Dawood's declaration and his followers' refusal of the mandatory conscription law. It also examines the government's efforts to persuade the armed groups to respect the existing laws without resorting to armed confrontation. Additionally, the study tracks the progress of military operations in Sinjar, which resulted in the defeat of the militants and the restoration of the rule of law in those areas. In the second part, the researcher focuses on the actions of the Iraqi government following the military operations. This involves monitoring the activities of the Military Arbitration Council, which was entrusted with the management of Sinjar. The efforts of the Iraqi government to mitigate the effects of that incident are examined, including the issuance of a general amnesty law for all those involved in the incidents accompanying that movement. The final part of the research deals with the international stance towards the Yazidi movement and its impact on Iraq's foreign policy. It aims to uncover the echoes of this movement in international circles and its influence on Iraq's foreign policy. This evaluation includes an assessment of the efforts of Iraqi diplomacy in following up on this issue within the corridors of the League of Nations. The unique information provided by the unpublished documents from the Iraqi Council of Ministers formed the basis for examining the reasons and outcomes of that movement.

Ras al-Khaimah is one of the largest cities in the United Arab Emirates. The emirate is famous for its rich history and heritage, as it was one of the most important commercial centers in the Gulf in the past. It was famous for its fishing, extraction and trade in precious pearls. Al-Jazirah Al-Hamra was one of the most important historical villages of the Emirate, which had a prominent place in pearl hunting and trade. It contains many historical houses and Dhayah Castle dating back to the eighteenth century AD. Despite the efforts of the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah to preserve and develop Al Jazeera Al Hamra, these efforts have not been studied and evaluated. Therefore, this research deals with an evaluation of national efforts and interventions in preserving one of the heritage monuments in the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, which is Al Jazeera Al Hamra, as one of the cultural and heritage monuments that are importantly linked to the cultural, political and economic history of the region and its prominent role in its presence within the history of the region and its impact extending beyond that as it was an extension for man in that not so distant era and his role in preserving man and history. An evaluation approach was used based on the standards of conservation and restoration of international conventions. After the evaluation process, the study concluded that the preservation and restoration process was largely successful in rehabilitating Al-Jazirah Al-Hamra and reusing some of its heritage places. The preservation process also contributed to conveying the idea of the place and highlighting the cultural and national identity of the island.

Allameh Muhammad Mahdi Al-Asefi produced innovative and creative ideas in various scientific fields including, the principles of jurisprudence and theology, ethics and its effects on the education of the individual and society and the liberal arts such as history and philosophy, political science, sociology and education. In presenting his scientific ideas and expression, Allameh Al-Asefi combined two theological approaches based on analysis, reflection, deep contemplation, precise understanding and academic approach in liberal arts theorizing and modern scientific knowledge, and the combination of these two have included wide and excellent results. Until his scientific talents enabled him to attain the degree of ijtihad, as well as a master’s degree in academic sciences. His innovations were not limited to the idea, but rather extended to methodology and method. As for the methodology, the methodology of the Allameh is distinguished by broad tracking and complete understanding of the idea, as well as great depth and long meditation on it, benefiting from the successful seminary and academic methodology and mixing them in extracting the successful idea, interesting style and the clear demand. In this article, we discuss two important fields that Allameh introduced and excelled in and renewed in them, namely the jurisprudential field and the fundamentalist field. The article is summarized in these two fields.

Traditional architecture is considered a cultural heritage, which reflects the place's spirit. The history of the site is measured by its buildings and architecture, which are constructed in the genuine spirit of traditional architecture. As part of traditional architecture, its components and importance vary from one building to another depending on their location or the building as a whole. The decorations are considered as the main essential elements, which reflect the culture of any society. Moreover, they are crucial components of traditional architecture that cannot be separated from its significance. The current research examines the artistic and elastic aspects of traditional architecture in the United Arab Emirates, and the heritage fronts of old heritage properties in Sharjah. It investigates their decorative elements and words carved on them. The research is after the search for their origins, connotations, history, and the artistic nature used .To achieve the research objectives, fieldwork visits to heritage buildings, books and written documents including digital and hard are employed and used. as research tools. It is expected that this research will encourage researchers to look for more information related to the UAE's history, and not ignore any information, no matter how small. because it means within it a lot of history, in addition to documenting and recording the decorations in the UAE.

The research paper aimed to analyze the research behavior of using the Saudi Digital Library among the faculty members of the Applied College at the Northern Border University. The researcher sought to apply the standards of the survey and analytical approaches, with the preparation of a questionnaire as a main measurement tool for the study. The study sample consisted of 31 faculty members, out of the total faculty members in the college, representing 61%. The study found a high number of faculty members using the Saudi digital library with a relative increase in upgrading scientific research skills, preparing studies and research and academic advancement, with a medium impact on improving the educational process and the high compatibility of the Saudi digital library with the academic curricula. The study also recommended the necessity of holding specialized workshops for faculty members on using the research systems, its components, the search results for databases, and the use of digital resources from all places of access to the library, while linking them to study assignments with students.

The current research aims to identify the impact of using EasyClass platform on secondary school students’ achievement in geography. The experimental approach was used to collect data from secondary schools in Diyala Governorate. The randomly selected sample consisted of (60) students in two groups that had equal students (30) in each, namely, control and experimental groups. A multiple achievement test with short answers were used to measure the students’ achievement in geography. The data were statistically analysed using T-test and Spearman-Brown Formula. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the two research groups' achievement in geography. Accordingly, the researcher recommends studying the obstacles of applying the remote education project in secondary schools – and the obstacles teachers face in using distance education platforms.

The applied geographical approach has the ability to shed light on the nature and causes of a wide range of economic, social and environmental problems to develop appropriate solutions for them. This research is supplemented by an empirical case study with examples of applied research in the field of urban geography, with special reference to the main question of the quality of life and human well-being. Finally, we adopt a future perspective to address the question of the value of applied geography in contemporary society.

The study dealt with a description and analysis of the social and economic characteristics. The study aimed to identify these characteristics, in addition to the types of their crimes and their motives. Statistical tools such as chi-square and Kramer coefficient were used. The study reported many findings, the most important of which are: the increase in the percentage of juvenile offenders of the age group between 15-18 years; the increase in the distribution of juvenile offenders from Saudis, most of the offenders live with parents, the low income of the family increases, and most of them live in villas. Among the results is the high distribution of money and honor cases, and that most juvenile crimes are not committed without the presence of accomplices, that one of the most important reasons for choosing the place of crime is its proximity to the house, chance plays a big role in that, that one of the most important reasons for committing a crime is encouraging bad companions. The study had been concluded with a set of recommendations, including intensifying security control, increasing the effectiveness of the role of both the home and the school, in terms of providing for their needs, and investing their time in everything that is useful.

This study focuses on the role of the work environment in achieving career satisfaction among workers. The study questions revolve around the level of career satisfaction among the study sample. What is the position of the study sample members on the factors that affect their level of career satisfaction? Therefore, the factors that affect the level of career satisfaction among the research sample members? The study attempts to answer these questions through the implementation of the field steps and procedures. As for the objectives of the study, it is first to know the level of career satisfaction of the workers, and secondly to know the perceptions of the study sample about the factors affecting the career satisfaction of the workers. Finally, identifying the most influential factors in career satisfaction among the study sample. This study is one of the descriptive studies in which the social survey method was used by the sample method, and a non-probability intended sample was selected from (100) male and female workers in shopping centers in the city of Sulaymaniyah by the social survey method, The researcher also used the five-point Likert scale to measure the extent of career satisfaction and relied on the statistical bag program for social sciences (SPSS) to analyze the items of the scale and discuss the objectives of the study in a scientific way based on descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that workers have the freedom to express their opinions at work and feel pleasure in implementing them. As for the attitudes of the respondents towards the factors that affect their level of career satisfaction, the results showed that there is a positive perception or perspective among the workers about their careers. The results of the study also showed the existence of an exchange of opinions and suggestions between the workers and their bosses at work, and rewarding the workers by the administrative heads, which is one of the most important factors affecting the position of the study sample with regard to their level of career satisfaction.

The study raised the following questions : What are epistemological perceptions? What are its indicators in the current Iraqi sociological research? And what is the theoretical remediation and what is the methodological remediation in the dissertations and theses approved in the universities of Baghdad and Qadisiyah?. The aim of study was to identify the research problems related to the theoretical and methodological construction of theses and dissertations , so the study selected 25 dissertations and theses during the last five years, until the completion of the current study, in addition to taking into account gender (s/he researchers). The study concluded with a number of research findings, and a set of reflections as alternatives to enable theoretical and methodological construction of sociological research in Iraq.

This work is a serious attempt to provide a critical reading of the reality of sociology in Algeria. It employs the historical data that produced an Algerian sociology or sociology that carries a very different Algerian intellectual specificity from Arab intellectual practices, knowledge and a realistic given according to a political, socio-cultural and religious context. Its beginnings characterized an identity conflict between two groups present in the same geographical sphere. As for the next stage, it was characterized by strong political and economic transformations with a multidimensional impact, most notably the failure of various development approaches, which led to political and economic shocks that resulted in societal crises. On the other hand, it also closed academic intellectual issues for those working in the social field, which produced a limited sociological discourse that was unable to provide an explanation of many emerging phenomena in society, especially those related to societal sanctities and sexual taboos, and only consumed the ready cognitive and ideological mold. Through this scientific paper, we will try to highlight the most important characteristic of the tasks of those working in the sociological field in thinking and practice over a long period of time, and with an analytical critical vision.

The world witnessed a major incident that threatened education with the largest crisis in modern history, which is considered the most dangerous, represented by the CoronaVirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It caused the disruption of more than 1.6 billion students from education in 161 countries, which is nearly 80% of registered students In schools all over the world, this came at a time when some countries in the world are suffering from the deterioration of the educational system. The current study seeks to identify the reality of the role of the family (father - mother) in educating children remotely, in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi during the Corona pandemic, the family’s role in educating children remotely during the Corona pandemic according to some variables such as (gender, academic achievement, income), and the descriptive approach (qualitative and quantitative) was followed, and the questionnaire tool was used to collect data by adopting the theory of social interaction as a theoretical framework for it. The current study relies on a (intentional) sample of 50 fathers and mothers. One of the most important findings of this study is that there is a large role for the family in helping and monitoring children during the Corona pandemic, which can be considered the main role in educational systems, as the family was responsible for following up on the student’s progress, supervising his academic achievement, and the activities he performs. These results are in agreement with many previous studies, and the results of the current study revealed that there are statistically significant differences in favor of mothers in helping children, meaning that mothers help children more than fathers, and statistically significant differences in favor of (lower income), meaning that families with higher incomes help her children more. The study recommended the necessity of conducting online courses to familiarize the family with everything related to modern methods of education in order to be able to deal with technological devices and solve technical problems and other obstacles facing children and the family in the distance education process, to inform and train them on the most important applications that are used by education systems different schools.

The small projects have their effects on the economic scene due to their strategic importance in re-constructing the industrial, commercial and production sectors, to achieve development and support the economy, as well as their role in empowering members of society, including the youth. Empowering youth and overcoming all obstacles to benefit from their energies and creativity represents a sustainable national vision for the United Arab Emirates. Leaders have always emphasized that young people are the guarantors of the future, and providing them with support and care is a necessity for sustainable development. This study aimed to identify the role of these enterprises and projects in empowering youth in the United Arab Emirates by exploring the perspectives of young owners of small and small enterprises, in addition to the institutions supporting youth empowerment programs in the state. Accordingly, eight research questions were formulated to be answered. The study used the qualitative data which were collected through semi-structured interviews with (28) institutions supporting youth empowerment programs. The study showed a positive impression towards the role of these enterprises in empowering young entrepreneurs. The study also revealed a number of challenges and problems facing young entrepreneurs and institutions. Finally, the study recommended a number of suggestions that can contribute to raising the level of youth empowerment in UAE, including revising the current policies and establishing a comprehensive system for youth empowerment in which all parties in society can participate.

The current study aimed to reveal the causes of electronic extortion and the most important social and psychological effects that the victim may suffer from. To achieve the objectives of the study, a qualitative approach was used. The study sample consisted of (11) respondents who are working in the Sharjah”s Police and the Social Support Center in the Emirate of Sharjah (they are dealing directly with the victims of electronic extortion). The subjects were intentionally selected, and the in-depth interview was used as a study tool. The results of the study showed that the most important reasons for electronic extortion is excessive trust in strangers, lack of awareness, weak religious faith, absence of family control, family disintegration, and the victim's desire to leave and sever the relationship with the blackmailer. The study also concluded that the most common form of electronic extortion in the Emirate of Sharjah is financial and sexual extortion. And the most social effects that the victim may suffer from are: a tendency to isolate, fear of shame and social stigma, and it may contribute to family disintegration and the victim may be exposed to domestic violence. As for the psychological effects, they are: loss of self-confidence in oneself and those around him/her, feelings of anxiety, fear, stress, depression, self-blame, feelings of shame and remorse. S/He may suffer from a psychological disorder that requires specialized medical intervention and treatment, and her/his level of performance in study or work decreases and s/he may think of committing suicide.

This study tends to identify the necessity for diverse specializations within the Emirati community by uncovering the professional opinions of the leaders within the human development sectors in Dubai, regarding the current reality and future of human development, as well as the comparison between the current reality and the supposed-reality given by the leaders within these sectors. By using a Qualitative approach, this study shows the results of interviewing numerous leaders within the Human Development sectors (including federal, local, and governmental). The interview has concluded with 3 main findings proving that: (1) the Emirate of Dubai pays close attention to the plans and policies that aim to improve the skills of Emirati individuals, (2) the importance of having institutions ensure the Emirati community are at their full potential, and (3) the study also revealed that the leaders strategizing for human development have failed to establish their future plans and ensure the Emirati community functions at its greatest potential by not providing any initiatives aimed to foresee the future in human development. Although it is important to note that there have been a few projects initiated, it’s still not enough to satisfy the needs for training and improvement within the sectors.

The study seeks to identify the impact of humanitarian aid on refugees during Corona pandemic in the refugee camp in Jordan, by measuring the effectiveness of humanitarian aid during the Corona pandemic and the extent to which this aid is affected by the aforementioned pandemic. Some concepts have been studied analytically from the point of view of refugees In the camp including; the impact of humanitarian aid on the pandemic and the role of the Emirates Red Crescent Authority in the circumstances in which the pandemic spread, and what are the solutions, methods and ways that reduce the impact of the epidemic on the effectiveness of humanitarian aid from the point of view of refugees in Jordan camp. A questionnaire was conducted on refugees in Jordan camp, both males and females (over 18 years of age), and this questionnaire was applied to 250 people from the camp, from all groups and educational levels, from all social statuses and the number of family members, in addition to a set of other independent variables (150 males and 100 females) by using the purposive non-probability sampling method. The study showed the impact of the Corona pandemic on the effectiveness of humanitarian aid provided by humanitarian and international organizations and donor countries. Corona and its critical role in providing humanitarian aid to refugees, and the opinion of the study sample were also extrapolated on the ways and means that contribute to the transfer of humanitarian aid to refugees in the era of the pandemic. Important recommendations were included at the end of the study that contribute to successful solutions that increase the effectiveness of humanitarian aid.