Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences

This study was conducted in the fields and the Directorate of Agricultural
Research Laboratory, Department of Forests and rangelands in Erbil for the period 2009-
2011 to break the dormancy and germinate the seeds of local trees, hawthorn Crategus
azarolus L., study included treatment of the seeds of hawthorn with six treatments and four
replications, the treatment were (control, hot water, sulfuric acid 75%, acetic acid,
95% sulfuric acid 75%, acetic acid 95%) the experiment was design by RCBD random full,
the results of the study are significant treatment of seeds sulfuric acid 95% on other
treatments in the first year 4 seeds versus 0 for the treatment of control and 1 for the treatment
of hot water, but in the second year the percentage of seeds germinating in the treatment of
acid 31 seed against 17 for the treatment of hot water and 30 seeds for the treatment control
and the presence of significant differences between the treatment and concluded significant of
sulfuric acid treatment 95% on other treatment in the first year, but with the passage of time is
increasing convergence of the results of treatments from each other.

This study was conducted in one of the private orchards at Al-
Hwair district at Al-Qurna north Basrah in 2013. The study aimed to
determining the effect of spray by the two vital stimulators: terrasorbe and
kelpak on some physical, chemical ,and productive characteristics of date
palm cv Barhii. The results showed an increase of spray treatments by 6ml/L
terrasorbe in the physical characteristics under study (fruit length, diameter,
Wight, and size) in which the highest values were scrod (3.60cm 2.64 cm,
10.57 g ,12.65 cm ) respectively. spray treatment by 6m/L terrasorbe showed
the highest percentage of total soluble solid materials (59.75). whereas the
spray treatment by 6ml/L kelpak showed the highest percentages of total
sugar and reduced (sugar as well as sucrose which were (46.45, 18.11, 28.34 )
respectively. The two treatments of this study showed an increase in the
productive features (maturation percentage, bunch weight and total
productivity of the date palm). The highest values were scored during spray
treatment by 6ml/L kelpak which were (68.3555% ,17.88 kg ,and14.11 kg)
respectively. The interaction of the two treatments showed significant
difference in the characteristics under study

The current study have been performed to evaluate the biological importance of
aquatic plants as bio indicators for trace mental pollution in the orchards of date palm at
Abu-Alkhaseeb area, Basrah governorate, Iraq. Two different sits has been selected ,the
first. Site was an orchard of date palm with aquatic plants while ,the second site was
without any aquatic plants . A Nickel, Copper, cadmium, Lead, Zinc and Manganese have
been examined in the soil, water and date palm parts including root and leaves, for both
sits. Four aquatic plants have been selected which were Carex burnnea variegata,
Phragmites australis, Typha domingensis and Radix dulicis. First site was distinguished by
the low levels of trace mental pollution ,compared with the second site (without aquatic
plants). Hence, the values of trace mental were observed to decrease in irrigated water and
leaves of date palm. Thus explained by the fact that the leaves of aquatic plants absorbed
large quantities of mental. Summer season has the positive results among other season
regarding the trace mental pollution. Finally, the aquatic plant varied in their content of
examined trace mental.

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2011-2012 at Shatelarab
district, Basrah governorate to study the effect of foliar application zinc and amino acid glycine
on growth and yield of green faba beanplant ViciafabaL. cv. "Luz de otono". The experiment
included 12 treatments resulted from the interaction among three zinc conc. (0,25,50 mg.l-1)
as ZnSO4.7H2O ( 22.7%Zn) and four amino acid glycine conc. (0,50,100,200) mg.l-1 applied at
three times at 15 days intervals starting from 45 days after sowing. Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD) was used in (3×4) a factorial experiment. Results showed that spraying with
zinc significantly increased the characteristics of vegetative growth, flowering, yield and its
component and seed quality characteristics as compared with control treatment. Treatment with
glycine significantly increased the all above characteristics as compared with control treatment.
The interaction of zinc at 50 mg.l-1with glycine 200 mg.l-1 gave the highest values of
productivity of green pod (12.442 ton.donum-1) (Donum=0.25 ha) and the productivity of fresh
seeds (7.094 ton. donum-1) whereas, control treatment gave lowest values of the productivity of
green pod (4.351 ton.donum-1) and the productivity of fresh seeds (2.358 ton .donum-1).

The present study was carried out in a private orchard in Al-Hartha, region, Basrah, during the growing season of 2010 / 2011, to investigate changes in certain physiological (Fresh weight of whole fruit, activity of Invertase and cellulose, as well as changes in soluble proteins and total Free amino acids) during growth and development of fruit of jujube cvs. Bambawi and Tufahi . A completely randomized block design was used with three replicates. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance and revised LSD at 5% was used to compare mean values. The results , may be summarized as follows. The results indicated that jujube fruits of both cultivars displayed a double sigmoidal growth curve , with lag period of fruit growth was shorter (four weeks) for the cv. Tufahi , whereas for fruits of cv. Bambawi, it was six weeks. The results showed that fresh weight for Tufahi fruits were higher than those for the Bambawi fruits . The pattern of Invertase was similar in fruits of both cultivars, as the activity was low during early stages of fruit development , but the activity of Invertase increased as the fruit advanced toward ripening , and then the activity declined as fruits entered an over ripe stage . For cellulase, the activity was high and reached earlier for Tufahi fruits as compared to its activity in Bambawi fruits . However, the activity of cellulase in fruits of both cultivars declined rapidly as the fruits entered an over ripe stage .The level, of total free amino acids was high during early stages of fruits growth of both cultivars , and increased until it reached its highest value during the 10th and 12th week from fruit set in fruits of Tufahi and Bambawi respectively. However, the levels of free amino acids declined rapidly as the fruits advanced toward an over ripe stage. As for soluble proteins, the levels was low during early stage of fruit development, but the levels increased as the fruit advanced in development , reaching its highest levels during the 12th and 14th week from fruit set in Bambawi and Tufahi fruits respectively. Thereafter, the levels of soluble proteins declined as the fruit entered the ripening phase

A total of 33 samples of water were collected seasonally from October, 2011 to
August, 2012 from two regions: Garmat Ali (Kharatrad river) and Harrier (East Al-Hammar
marsh). The obtained results demonstrated the following items: The highest values of
temperature (24.36 ºC), salinity (6.02 ppt) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) (5.59 mg/l)
were found in Garmat Ali region with a significant differences from that of Harrier region. The
values of temperature, salinity and biological oxygen demand of Harrier region were 22.07 ºC,
3.56 ppt and 2.08 mg/l respectively. The highest value of dissolved oxygen (DO) (7.78 mg/l)
was in Harrier region with a significant difference from that of Garmat Ali region (6.67 mg/l).
There was no a significant difference in pH value between the Garmat Ali and Harrier regions.
The highest values of temperature (29.37 ºC), pH (7.78) and biological oxygen demand (4.42
mg/l) were found in Summer with a significant differences from that of other seasons. The
exception was in pH value (7.70) of Autumn with no a significant difference. The highest
values of salinity (6.89 ppt) and dissolved oxygen (7.50 mg/l) were found in Autumn and
Winter respectively with a significant differences from that of other seasons. The lowest values
of temperature (16.73 ºC), salinity (3.47 ppt) and biological oxygen demand (3.13 mg/l) were
found in Winter. Whereas, the lowest values of pH (7.46) and dissolved oxygen (7.10 mg/l)
were found in Spring and Autumn respectively.

The present study aims to assess the Trophic status (TSI) to the East Hammar Marsh
spatially and seasonally, and evaluate the effect of nutrient load to the aquatic environment. The
samples were collected monthly from three stations, with a certain field measurements
(temperature and transparency) in addition to the laboratory analysis (total phosphorus and
chlorophyll - a). The results showed that the highest values for the water temperature was
recorded during August, while the lowest value of transparency was recorded at station 3 during
February, while the highest value recorded in station 1 during December; the highest value for
the total phosphorus recorded in station 3 during February; while the highest value of
chlorophyll - a recorded in station 1 during March. Values of TSI in station 1 and 2 were placed
between mesotrophic and oligotrophic; while at third station values were ranged between
Eutrophic and oligotrophic ,increasing in values of TSI due to increasing in level of rains and
increase drainage of nearby farmland, which led to the high level of organic matter and nutrients

A bio-ecological study was accomplished, from November 2013 to April 2014,
at Al-Mudayna district north-west of Basrah following construction the barrier at the
Euphrates River. The study aimed to investigate the environment and the diversity of fish in
the southern part of the Euphrates River. To collect samples two fishing methods were used,
namely electro-fishing and benthic cast net. A total of 6013 fish specimens were collected
during the study period, belong to 24 species and representing nine families, dominated by
cyprinids and accounting for 12 species. Each of the mullet (Mugilidae), tilapia (cichlidae)
and the mosquito (Poecillidae) families were represented by two species, while the other
families, Siluridae, Sparidae, Mastacembelidae, Hemiramphidae and Engraulidae were
represented by one species only. Four marine fish species (Liza subviridis, Acanthopagrus
latus, Hyporhaunpus limpatus and Thryssa whiteheadi) were recorded from the location.
Khishni (Liza abu) was prevailed fish community numerically contributing for 34.19% and
Tilapia zilli occupied the second position (22.72%), followed by Alburnus mossulensis
(14.22%). However, contribution of tilapia Oreochromis aureus (9.88%), Himri Barbus
luteus (4.92%) and the common carp Cyprinus carpio (0.15%) was somewhat low. The
lowest numerical diversity rate (H) was encountered in December 2013 (1.508) and the
highest (1,694) in January 2014. The minimum rate for the evenness index (J) 0.667
encountered in November 2013 and the highest (0.849) in January 2014 .The lowest richness
(D) value was (1.257) in January and the highest (1.695) in March. The study also
investigated some abiotic environmental characteristics and their relation to the composition
of fish community.

The study included preparation of biogenic amines extracts from veal beef
and study the effect of treatment with sodium chloride 3% and 5% . samples preserved
for 7 days and the concentrations of amines were measured during periods of storage
(1,4 and 7 days) using a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in the
presence of standards of biogenic amines, which included histamine , cadaverine ,
spermine , spermidine , puterscine and tyramine. As for the effect of the salt, the
results showed that the concentration of salt have a clear effect on the presence of
biongenic amines, when we use 3% NaCl, concentration of histamine ranged from
0.738 mg / kg to 1.836 mg / kg, cadaverine was not observed in the first day but it
was found in the seventh day, 1.845 mg / kg and spermine ranged from 0.174 mg / kg
to 3.907 mg / kg, and spermidine from 0.487 mg / kg to 4.070 mg / kg, and putrescine
from 0.004 mg / kg to 1.931 mg / kg, and tyramine from 0.095 mg / kg to 0.544 mg /
kg, whileat 5% sodium chloride, concentration of histamine was ranged from 0.306
mg / kg to 0.522 mg / kg, cadaverine was not observed in the first day but in the
seventh day it was 0.049 mg / kg, spermine ranged concentration was 0.189 mg/ kg
to 0.338 mg / kg, spermidine from 0.197 mg / kg to 1.087 mg / kg, putrescine from
0.0007 mg / kg to 1.080 mg / kg, and tyramine from 0.055 mg / kg to 0.095 mg / kg
these were for the first and seventh days

Sixteen local isolates of Clostridium were isolated from sources: Soil, meat and
honey. Those sources were obtained from different districts in Basrah government.
Characterization of isolates were made after purification by using morphological and
biochemical tests which revealed that the isolates were Clostridium botulinum. The
microscopic test appeared that all isolates are bacilli, gram positive, obligate anaerobic
,forming spores and motile. There's colonies had wide spread form with uniform border when
grown of blood agar and egg yolk agar and looked transparent to gray. The biochemical tests
revealed that the isolates are β-heamolysis, lipid hydrolyzed, produced H2S, all of them were
negative in indole production, nitrate reduction, starch hydrolysis and catalase production.
They were grown in pH (4-6), temperature (10, 30,45)°C and NaCl (3-12)%. They
fermented all the sugars to jog lactose, galactose, amygdalin, Eunosetol and ribose. They were
sensitive for some antibiotics like Erethromycin, Refampin, Metronidazol and Penicillin,
Penicillin but they were resistant for, Gentamicin, Nalidixic acid and Trimethoprim

This study was conducted for the period from (5/3/2011 until 17/4/2011) in a poultry
breeding, facilities to the private sector in the province of Basra, aiming to study the effect of
adding of different levels of powder of anise seeds meal in the broiler diets on the productiveali
performance and some blood biochemical parameters .The experiment was included the use of
120 unsexed broiler (Ross 308), one day-old and weight at a rate of 40 g. Randomly distributed
on the 5 treatments with three replicates per treatment and 8 birds in each replicate. The
treatment (T1) control treatment, (T2) added 2kg of powder of anise seeds / ton of feed, (T3)
added 4 kg powder of anise seeds / ton of feed, (T4) added 6 kg powder of anise seeds / ton of
feed, (T5) Added 8 kg powder of anise seeds / ton of feed The results was showed superiority
of significant increase(P <0.05) in experimental treatments which added to the diets the powder
of anise seeds at levels 2, 4, 6, 8 kg / ton of feed in productive traits of live body weight , weight
gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio during the breeding periods 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 weeks on
the control treatment, while showing no significant differences in these productivity traits
between anise treatments and the control treatment during the first week of the age of the birds.
also resulted from adding the powder of anise seeds in the diets of birds to a significant decrease
in the blood biochemical parameters of total cholesterol , triglycerides, Low density lipoproteins
(LDL) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) while added the powder of anise seeds to the
diets ,led to significant increase (P <0.05) in the concentration of High-density lipoproteins
(HDL). We conclude from the result , the addition of aniseed seeds meal to the diets of broiler
has improvement in the overall production traits of birds, on the other hand led to a reduction of
the concentration of cholesterol , triglycerides and both LDL and VLDL in the blood of the
treatments birds, so it can be used as growth booster and reduced the concentration of fat in
the blood.