Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences

The present study has been conducted at a private orchard in Hartha, Basrah, province
during the season of 2012; on the date palm cv Sayer. The aim from the current study to determine
the effect of Bagging and plant extracts spraying on the physical properties of the fruits. The
Bagging was studied at three different periods and performed with brown paper the periods were
without Bagging ; 30 and 45 days post-pollination. While the tested plant extracts were as follow:
coconut water with concentrations of (0 ;100 ; 200 and 300) ml /liter-1 two weeks post-pollination
and the Algaren extract (extracted from marine plants) at with concentrations of (0 ; 2 ; 3 and 4) ml
/ liter-1 seven weeks post-pollination. The results revealed that both bagging periods(30-45) had a
significant effect one were : the (weight , length , diameter , size and pulp weight) of Sayer fruits
during Rutab and Tamr stages. The period of 45 days post-pollination was reported thats the highest
levels (6.53 g , 3.41 cm , 1.81 cm , 6.46 cm3 and 5.65 g) on the relay for the Rutab stage. (5.53 g ,
3.23 cm , 1.65 cm , 5.36 cm3 and 4.75 g) on the relay at Tamr stage .All of tested concentrations for
both plant extracts were (coconut water and Algaren) show an increment in the above-mentioned
tested parameters: noteworthy the highest concentration led to the most significant results ,the
treatment of Algaren extract at 4 ml / liter-1 showed the highest levels (7.22 g, 3.51 cm , 1.87 cm.
7.09 cm3 and 6.34 g) on the relay for the Rutab stage , (6.21 g , 3.35 cm , 1.74 cm , 6.10 cm3 and
5.42 g) on the relay at Tamr stage.The interaction between bagging periods and plant extracts
treatment was elucidated that the bagging up to 45 days post-pollination and Algaren extract at
concentration of 4 ml / liter-1 reported the most significant results for study the physical properties
at both Rutab and Tamr stages. (7.44 g , 3.58 cm , 1.91 cm , 7.20 cm3 and 6.56 g) on the relay for
the Rutab stage, (6.40 g , 3.43 cm , 1.77 cm , 6.28 cm3 and 5.62 g) on the relay at Tamr stage.

The experiment was conducted in lathhouse of Agriculture college during
growth season 2013 to study the effect of four concentration of urea (0 , 0.40 , 0.70
and 1)% and two dates of application 1/2 , 1/3 and their interactions on physical and
chemical characteristics of citrus seedling. The results were induction that foliar
spray of urea fertilization had significant effect in creasing of studies properties. The
1% treatment gave higher average of vegetative properties like heist of plant, length
of branch, number of branches, number and leaf area 131.50 cm, 39.25cm, 7.67,
43.50 and 21.61cm2
respectively and gave higher average of chemical characteristics
like dry weight of leaf and leaves content of total chlorophyll 62.67% , 0.680mg/gm
fresh weight. Statistical analytical and total nitrogen of leaves results showed that
were a significant differences between the date of urea application, the second time
of application was significantly increased studied properties compared with efforts
data of foliar spray. So the interaction between urea application and the time of foliar
spray had significantly increased the studied characteristics and 1% urea application,
second time treatment gave higher average of studied characteristics compared with
other treatment.

An experiment was conducted during winter season of 2009-2010 at AlDair, Basrah Governorate with objective of exploring the effect of treatment with
salicylic and ascorbic acids and method of application on growth, flowering and yield
of green broad bean plants (Vicia faba L.) cv." Luz de otono". The study included 15
treatments which were the combinations of two factors. The first factor was five levels
of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid [o , salicylic acid (15 ,30 mg.l.-1
) and ascorbic acid
(50,100 mg.l.-1
].The second factor was methods of treatments: 1. seed soaking , 2. seed
soaking + plant spraying and 3. plant spraying only. A split plot design was used with
three replicates. Results showed that treatments with both salicylic acid and ascorbic
acid caused reduced significantly the number of days to opening of the first of florat
and significantly increased the number of inflorescences, florat per plant , yield and its
components as compared with the control. Salicylic acid at 15 mg.l.-1
gave the highest
values with respect to pod length , number, as well as the weight of 100 seeds and
green pod yield per plant , green pod productivity, weight of fresh seeds per plant.
Plants treated with salicylic acid at 30 mg.l.-1
gave the highest number of seeds/pod , and
pod weight, seeds protein and total soluble solids. Treatment of (seed soaking + plant
spraying) with Salicylic acid at 15 mg.l.-1
gave the highest values of pod yield per plant
(474.16 g.)and the green pod productivity (9.272 tone.donum-1
)and the highest yield of
fresh seeds per plant (160.55 g.), and productivity of green pods (3.319 Tone . donum1
).

The current study was done to evaluate the impact of using garlic powder on blood
parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio such as red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell
(WBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb estimation) and the percentage of packed cell volume
(PCV). The fish were fed four different levels [(I) 10 gm ⁄Kg, (II) 20 gm∕ Kg, (III) 30 gm/Kg,
(IIII) 40 gm∕ Kg] of garlic powder, were compared with ones of the control group (0 gm ∕Kg).
The results showed a direct increase in blood parameters with increasing of garlic powder
levels. WBC and Hb value shows significant differences between control group and all garlic
treated groups and also among garlic treated groups except (I) and (II) treatments that
resembled the control treatment regarding Hb values. In regard to RBC and PCV values, no
significant differences were noted among (II), (III), (IV) treatments but they significantly
differed from control treatment. No significant differences between (I) and (II) groups,
between the control and (I) groups.

Edible film with 2,3,4% gelatin extracted from skin of Brachirus orientalis
and (20,30,40)% glycerol was prepared; it was easy to be removed from the melding,
the film were fine texture and the transparent of the film was lowered and it has taken
color of oil, it is thickness ranged 0.012 to 0.026 ml. the penetration of water vapor of
film increased with increase percentage of gelatin and glycerol it rang from 2.13 to 9.12
gMm\\M
2
.h. kpa Pascal, the percentage of water solubility was increase from 20.55% to
41.92%. the results showed increased in tensile strength of film with the increase of
gelatin percentage and decrease with increase of glycerol whereas percentage elongation
of films as increase with increased of gelatin and glycerol percentage form 2.45% to
22.95%.

A total of 70 specimens of birds including 48 of Vanellus leucura, 10 of
Hoplopterus indicus, four of Galidris alpine & eight of Nycticorax nycticorax were
collected from Al-Mashab region north of Basrah province. These birds were found
infected by three trematodes. These trematodes which is belong to the family
Microphallidae including Levinseniella propinqua, Microphallus sp. and Maritrema
sp. The description of these worms is given. These trematodes recorded for the first time
in Iraq.

Some biological aspects of hilsa shad,Tenualosa ilisha in Iraqi marine
waters, northwest Arabian Gulf were described during the period from November 2012
to October 2013. Fish samples were collected by steel dhow fishing boat (Zainab) using
gill nets of different mesh sizes. Fish lengths ranged from 12 to 47cm in the total length.
The large fish sizes (>30cm) were dominant the catch during March-June and the
medium sizes (<30cm) during July-February. The length-weight relationship for all fish
was W= 0.0041 xL
3.2683
. The operculum was used in age determination. Nine age groups
were recognized for T. ilisha and their lengths were 18.0, 28.5, 35.3, 41.3 and 46.3 cm,
respectively. The growth parameters were L∞= 61.7cm, K= 0.257 and to =0.349. The
overall sex ratio was 1:1.62 (male: female). The sizes at first maturity were 20 and
22cm for males and females, respectively. GSI for females ranged from 0.45 in October
to 8.52 in May and for males from 0.11 in October to 1.14 in March. The results
revealed the biological characteristics of the species before starting reproduction
activity in the Shatt al-Arab and its branches.

An experiment was conducted in the field of the college of Agriculture of Basrah
University at Garmat Ali site during spring 2011-2012 . in clay soil texture, to study the
effect of adding soil conditioners, which include bitumen emulsion (0.5%) and organic
residuals (2%) on the physical properties of the soil and the efficiency of both irrigation
systems, drip and Surface irrigation Which included %100EP ، %75 EPand %50 EP. Maize
(Zea mays L.) Class 106 Behoth was used as an indicator of the growth. The results showed
that the addition of conditioners lead to improvement in the mean weight diameter was going
up significantly. The level irrigation the %75 EP showed improvement in some physical
properties of the soil, as it lead to significant increase in values of the mean weight diameter
compared with levels 50% EP and 100% EP. Results also showed that the use of drip
irrigation maintained the soil structure as a result of significant increase in values of the mean
weight diameter compared with surface irrigation.

The study was included isolation of several strains of fungi that dissolve the
phosphate from soil samples collected from AL-Hartha and Al-Midina, these strains were
isolated in laboratories of department of soil science and water resources in Agriculture
College of Basrah University. The fungi isolated strains identified to their types and tested for
their efficiency in dissolving insoluble phosphate and select efficiency isolate in inoculation
for the biological experiment. Biological experiment was conducted in the green house of
research station of agriculture college in cultivated season (2011-2012).by use plastic pots
contained 5 kg dried soil by using randomized design CRD with three replication. Silty clay
soil was used complete which inoculated with strain of phosphate dissolving fungi type
Aspergillus niger and trisuper phosphate fertilizer was also added to the pots in four levels
(0,40,60,80) kg hr-1
also sewage sludge (collected from Hamdan station for sewage
treatment) was added to the pots in the levels (0,60,100)kg hr-1
and nitrogen and potassium
fertilizers were added in constant level according to fertilizing recommendation. The pots
were cultivated with corn seeds (Zea mays L.) as (10seeds/pot) and irrigated with local water
with filed capacity (1/3bar) after plant grow reduced the numbers of plants to (6 plants/pot)
and after 60 days the plants were cut and dried. The shoot and roots and soil samples were
digested for estimating the content of phosphor The results were indicated significant
increased in dry weight for both leaves and roots of plant with increasing of phosphate
fertilizer and sewage sludge levels(p<0.05). The inoculation with phosphate dissolving fungi
cased increase in dry weight in inoculated soil as compared with non inoculated soil.
Significant increase in the phosphate uptake in both shoot and roots of plants with increase
level of adding phosphate fertilizer (p<0.05).

The present study aimed to extraction and purification ficin enzyme
which extracted from leaves of Ficus and study it'
s proteolytic efficiency. Many
solutions were used for extraction such as distilled water, sodium chloride (2 and 7%)
solution ,Sodium Phosphate with citrate solution 0.1M and pH 7, Ethanol, cold
acetone with citrate and phosphate solution and Tris-Hcl 0.1 M, pH 9 in order to find
out the best extraction solution. Tris-HCl 0.1 M pH 9 solution was the best extraction
solution which gave the highest specific activity being 93.48unit / mg Protein . Protein
content for the crude enzyme extracts was precipitated by gradual addition of solid
ammonium sulphate to final saturation of 20 -90% the activity being 688.95 unit /
mg Purification Folds 6 time and 26.12% as a yield . Gel filtration followed by
Sephadex G-100 and ion exchange chromatography through DEAE Sephadex A-50
columin were used to complete purification of ficin and tested proteolytic activity in
each step of purification which exhibit 2733.36, Purification Folds 23.90 time and
15.43% as a yield. The purity of ficin was examined by poly acryl amide gel
electrophoresis.

Twenty three of moulds were local isolates of from different sources
(maize, rice, peanuts field, millet, bread, soil, anjas, peach, bananas, apples, lemons,
pomegranates and oranges), these isolates were purified and identified, it comprised
of 8 isolates Aspergillus niger, 1 Fusarium sachari, 8 Aspergillus flavus, 1
Aspergillus fumigatus, 1 Alternaria alternata,1 Rhizopus sp, 1 Mucor sp and 2
Aspergillus terreus. These isolates were examined for their abilities for aflatoxin
production, so the toxic isolates which excluded were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus
terreus and Aspergillus fumigatus. The non-toxic isolates were 12 isolates, they
screened for production the gluconic acid. The isolate An3 of Aspergillus niger
which had been isolated from peaches was the best producer, it gave 38.38g/l
gluconic acid . The second one was the isolate An1 which isolated from maize it gave
31.08 g/l . The submerged culture with shaking flask was used for production of
gluconic acid.

This study include the effect of different methods of fermentation on phytic acid content
in bread made from wheat flour (80% extraction),during the study of physicochemical tests for flour
such as, moistuer, protein, fat, ash, charbohydrate, pH, wet gluten, dry gluten and color , the result
was 12.7%, 12.9%, 0.85%,73.7%,6.3,33%,11% and 8.5 respectively,and the results showed that of
phytic acid content in flour was 0.71%, and the significantly reduction between treatments the
laboratory bread (Loaf) on the one hand and the standard treatment of the other hand at significant
level 0.05 ≥ P, as observed phytic acid content decreased 86% in bread made from flour fermented by
adding 10% sourdough fermented with lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillus Plantarum) and yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), also decreased 82% in bread made from flour fermented by adding 10%
sourdough fermented with lactic acid bacteria. Also, the results showed decreased of phytic acid 50%
in bread made from flour fermented by adding 10% sourdough fermented with yeast which no have
significant difference with the treatment of bread made from flour fermented with yeast, the
degradation in which 46% ,either in the treatment of bread made from flour fermented chemically by
adding sodium bicarbonate (Baking Soda) has been observed of phytic acid not high reduce, the
degradation 25%, which significant difference for all treatments on the one hand and bread made
from standard treatment (flour and water ).Phyic acid was also influenced by pH, dough samples of
lower pH had a lower Phytic acid content because it have increase of phytase activity.

The present study aimed to isolate pepsin enzyme Ec: 3.4.23.1 from some animal
sources and purified it and Studied it’s characteristics and immobilized it as well as it’s practical
applications in food industry. The enzyme was extracted from the stomach of three animal
sources (Sheep, Chicken and Nuwaibi fish ) using five extraction solutions including distilled
water , Sodium chloride (10%) solution , Sodium chloride (6%) Boric acid (2%) solution
,Sodium Phosphate 0.1M and an pH 7.3 solution and Tris-acetic acid 0.4M and an pH 7.6
solution in order to find out the best source of enzyme and the best extraction solution .Sheep's
stomach was the best source of enzyme, Sodium chloride (6%) Boric acid (2%) solution was the
best extraction solution which gave highest specific activity 14.3 unit / mg .Protein content for
the crude enzyme extracts were con centrated using saturated ammonium sulfate in arrange 30-
70% , 20-90% and 20-60% for Sheep, chicken and Nuwaibi fish pepsin respectively. Dialyzed
Chicken pepsin possesses the highest proteolytic activity . The dialyzed chicken pepsin
Immobilized study with four carriers including Silica gel,SRF Resinous ,Calcium Alginate and
Agar showed that the best carrier was agar which gave the maximum Immobilized efficiency
67%.The best optimum concentration for Immobilize dialyzed chicken pepsin with agar was 3%
with the highest proteolytic enzyme 75%. The purified sheep pepsin was Immobilized with agar
in 3% concentration .The remainder enzyme activity for agar Immobilized pure Sheep pepsin
and dialyzed Chicken pepsin were 25% , 21% respectively after 7 times using and the remainder
enzyme activity for agar Immobilize pure Sheep pepsin and dialyzed Chicken pepsin were 22%,
27% respectively was stored for 60 days in 4 °C. The optimal pH for clotting activity for free and
Immobilize dialyzed Chicken pepsin was 5.8. The optimal pH for the stability of free and
Immobilize dialyzed Chicken pepsin are 3.The optimal temperature for clotting activity for free
and Immobilize dialyzed chicken pepsin was 35 ْ ◌C .The optimal temperature for free and
Immobilize dialyzed Chicken pepsin stability was 15-45°C. Agar Immobilized dialyzed making
Chicken pepsin was utilized in soft cheese results revealed that the Chemical composition and
organoleptic evaluation of cheese was compatible with cheese produced in traditional methods,
This result is an indicator to enzyme efficiency in soft cheese and the possibility to use it as Calf
rennet alternative and it can be used for more than one time in cheese making.

In this study polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted from the
muscles of six local fish species (Otolithes ruber, Saurida tumbil, Pseudorhombus
malayanus, Acanthopagrus latus, Hypophthalmichthys molitnx and Tenualosa
ilisha) and analyzed by gas chromatography provided with Flame Ionization
Detector (FID). After that compounds were identified and their concentrations were
calculated. The PAHs compounds included naphthalene, indole, 2-
methylnaphthalene,1- methylnaphthalene, biphenyl, acenaphthylene, acanaphthene,
dibenzofuran + fluorine , anthracene + phenanthre , fluoranthene, carbazol, pyrene,
benz (a) anthracene, chrysene, benzo (b) fluoranthene +benzo (k) fluoranthene,
benzo(a) pyrene, indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene, dibenz (a,h) anthracene and benzo (g,h,i)
perylene. Also the results showed that all fish samples contained polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in their muscles, the total mean of these compounds ranged
from 5.191 µg/kg in Tenualosa ilisha to 23.963 µg/gm in Acanthopagrus latus.

Whey protein concentrations of 4-10 % with glycerol plasticizer 50 % was used
to prepare edible film after treated with g-irradiation with doses of 20-60 kGy and then
studied the barrier, mechanical and thermal properties of the film . The film were showed
transparent , homogeneous and thickness arrange between (0.08 - 0.23) mm. The water vapor
WVP of the film was decreased with increasing of the radiation dose and the decline from
12.04-5.25 and 13.0 - 11.01 and 13.90 - 12.0 and 19.7 - 13.97 g . mm / m ². Hours. KPa for
the concentrations of protein from 4% and 6 % and 8 % and 10 %, respectively, when
increasing the radiation dose from 20 to 60 kGy .However, the tensile strength of the film TS
was increase with the radiation dose from 0.493 - 1.930 and 0.772 - 1.950 and 0.919 - 2.670
and 2.420 - 2.840 M Pa. and elongation E% was increase with the increase the radiation dose
and the rise from 32% - 36 % and 33 % - 62% and 40 % - 63% % and 43-70 %., the high
proportion of the solubility S% from 8.075 % -65.26 % and 7.69% -52.50 % -48.1 % and
14.00 % and 14.47 % -47.22 % . The examination of microstructure showed most
homogeneity and less pour and more intensity . The decomposition temperature Td3 was
262.01 0 m .The functional group of the film were studied using FTIR.

جریت هذه الدراسة في محطة الابحاث والتجارب الزراعیة بتاریخ 2012/10/4 ولغایة 2013/3/4 ،
استخدمت فیها طیور السمان الیاباني التابعة الى وحدة طیور السمان في الحقل الحیواني لكلیة الزراعة ،جامعة البصرة
.وذلك لمعرفة تأثیر لون الریش في سلوكیة التزاوج و بعض مراتب الهیمنة لطیور السمان الیاباني المرباة تحت الظروف
المحلیة. استخدم في هذه الدراسة 108 طیر عند عمر أربعة اشهر وزعت إلى ثلاثة معاملات بالاعتماد على لون الریش
اذ شملت كل معاملة 36 طیر بواقع ثلاثة مكررات لكل معاملة اذ یحتوي كل مكرر على 12طیر وبنسبة تزاوج
.1:2معاملات الدراسة هي المعاملة الأولى: البني ( 12ذكر 24+ أنثى )، المعاملة الثانیة :الأسود (12 ذكر 24+ أنثى
)، المعاملة الثالثة:المختلط (6ذكر بني 6+ذكر اسود 12+انثى بني 12+ انثى اسود ).اشارت نتائج الدراسة الى وجود
انخفاض معنوي (أ0.05<) في مدة إتمام التزاوج عند تزاوج الأنثى معذكر من نفس لون الریش مقارنة بتزاو ج الأنثى مع
ذكر ذو لون ریش مختلف،كما وجد ان هنالك تفوق معنوي (أ 0.05< ) في سلوكیة تكرار التزاوج فضلاً عن سلوكیة
اختیار الرفیق أو الزوج من نفس لون الریش فقد تفوقت طیور المعاملة الأولى معنویاً في هذه السلوكیة مقارنة بطیور
المعاملة الثانیة،كما وجد تفوق معنوي (أ0.05< )في مراتب الهیمنة في الطیور ذات أللون البني مقارنة بالطیور ذات اللون
الأسود فضلاً عن ارتفاع مستوى تركیز هرمون التستستیرون في مصل دمها.نستنتج من الدراسة الحالیة أن طیور السمان
تفضل التزاوج مع الأفراد التي لها نفس لون الریش.

أجریت هذه الدراسة في الحقل الحیواني ، كلیة الزراعة – جامعة البصرة للفترة من
2012/07/1 ولغایة 2012/10/1 وذلك لمعرفة تاثیر اعطاء فیتامین C و النیاسین للتقلیل من تاثیر
الاجهاد الحراري خلال فصل الصیف ودراسة تاثیرها في الصفات الفسلجیة و الانتاجیة في الحملان العرابیة.
أستخدم في الدراسة 16 حملا عرابیا تراوحت اعمارها بین 5-4 أشهر ومتوسط أوزانها 26,48 كغم وزعت
عشوائیا الى اربع معاملات وباربعة مكررات لكل معاملة ، غذیت جمیع الحیوانات بعلیقة واحدة تتكون اساسا
من الشعیر (%60) ، النخالة (%38) ، یوریا (1.5) و ملح طعام (%0.5) بنسبة %3 من وزن الجسم.
لم تعطى المجموعة الاولى الفیتامینات إذ تركت للمقارنة (السیطرة) ، أما المجموعة الثانیة فقد اعطیت
فیتامین C) 250ملغم لكل كغم علف) ، المجموعة الثالثة اعطیت النیاسین (250 ملغم لكل كغم علف) و
الرابعة اعطیت فیتامین C) 250ملغم لكل كغم علف) + نیاسین (250 ملغم لكل كغم علف) مع اعطاء
الماء بصورة حرة طیلة فترة التجربة وتقدیم الاعلاف الخشنة المتوفرة بالحقل. ان أضافة بفیتامین C والنیاسین
الى العلیقة أدت الى حصول نتائج ایجابیة في هذا الجانب من خلال التقلیل من تاثیرات الاجهاد الحراري
المتمثلة بدرجة حرارة المستقیم ومعدل التنفس وتحسین بعض الصفات الانتاجیة وتلخصت النتائج بوجود
فروق معنویة (0.05>P (في الزیادات الوزنیة و اوزان الحملان و معدل العلف المستهلك و كفاءة التحویل
الغذائي للحملان المعطاة فیتامین C بالمقارنة بالمجامیع الاخرى. كما ظهرت فروق معنویة (0.05>P (في
درجة حرارة المستقیم ومعدل التنفس للحملان بین المجامیع التي اعطیت الفیتامینات مقارنة مجموعة
السیطرة.

This research was carried out in Basrah governorate in 2012 – 2013 where
40 samples of honey from apiaries in different places of the governorate were studied.
The study included extraction and preparation pollen from honey samples. and
depending on the pollen types in the samples botanical sources visited by bees to collect
nectar and pollen were identified. Honey produced in Basrah was characterized by its
scarcity of pollen types were the average number of types in honey samples in different
sites was 5.35 types, in addition to lacking some plants important to produce honey such
as sunflower, cotton, radish and other plants. It was evident that the essential plant
sources available to bees are Jujube and Eucalyptus with other non-essential sources
such as Melon, Cucumber, Cress, Pomegranates, Celery and Mint in addition to other
species belong to the families Malvaceae and Compositae.

A field Crop experiment was executed at Al-Qurna site (75Km) north of
Basrah city during winter season of 2012-2013 to study the effect of four levels of Nfertilizer on the yield of mixture of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with Egyptian berseem
(Trifolium alexandrinum L.) which were (0,60,80,120)Kg/h and three seeding rates
(40,80,120 Kg/h) from barley which mixtued with fixed rate of rate Egyptian berseem
(40Kg/h) on by take three forage yield and quality by take three cutting and the results
showed that: using high rate of N-fertilizer (120Kg/h) lead to significant increase of
plant height of barley and number of tillers also number of berseem and green forage
yield which reach 69.11t/h and increase of protein percentage while the dry forage yield
did not differ with second level of N-fertilizer also using high rate of seeding (120Kg/h)
of barley with 40Kg/h of berseem lead to barley and number of tillers also fresh and dry
yield of forage which reached (73.45, 21.44 t/h) respectively and increase of protein
percentage rate of seeding rate which were 18.16% by used 80Kg/h seeding rate of
barley with 40Kg/h of berseem.

Field study was conducted at Malha irrigation project which partially
reclaimed in marshland of Al madina district located during the growing season of
2012-2013 in clay loam soil evaluate wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) cultured
under different levels of nitrogen fertilizers and determine selection index by path
coefficient Experiment included (15) treatments result from interaction between three
nitrogen levels (120-160-200 kgha-1
) and five smooth wheat cultivars (Latifia,
Tammoz2 , IPA-99 , Abu-Graib and IpA-95) split plot design in randomized completely
block design were used in three replicates. Results showed a significant differences
among cultivars in number of spike per M² number of grains per spike, weight of 1000
grain (gm) and grain yield (kgha-1
) the cultivar Abu Graib gave (3948.98 kgha-1
). No
significant different between the cultivar in Biological yield. Results showed a
significant differences between nitrogen levels, in the characters the level ( 160 kgha-1
)
gave high grain yield (3514.6 kgha-1
) and gave hight number of grain per spike , the
level (200 kgha-1
) gave hight number of spike m-2
and Biological yield. The Interaction
between the cultivar and Nitrogen level No significant different in the characters.

تم دراسة أداء المشط القرصي المزدو ج من حیث متطلبات الطاقة وقابلیته على التفتیت في تجربة حقلیة في احد
حقول كلیة الزراعة، جامعة البصرة موقع كرمه علي اذ استخدم المشط القرصي المزدوج على اعماق 20,15,25 سم وسرع
1- امامیه 0.25 , 0.38 , 0.46 , 0.6 م ثا
بتصمیم القطاعات العشوائیة الكاملة RBCD بواقع ثلاث مكررات، اذ اظهرت
النتائج زیادة قوة السحب الطاقة النوعیة والطاقة المكافئة وكفاءة التفتیت معنویا مع زیادة السرعة الأمامیة فعند زیادة السرعة
1- الأمامیة من 0.25 الى 0.6 م ثا
زادت قوة السحب والطاقة النوعیة والطاقة المكافئة وكفاءة التفتیت بنسبة 42% 88%
16% 33% على التوالي ، كما انخفض معدل القطر الموزون (MWD) (دلیل التفتیت) مع زیادة السرعة الأمامیة من 0.25
1- الى 0.6 م ثا
اذ ازداد التفتیت بنسبة .23% اما تأثیر زیادة العمق للمشط القرصي من 10 الى 20 سم فقد ادى الى
زیادة معنویة في قوة السحب بنسبة 36% و معدل القطر الموزون (MWD (بنسبة 12% بینما انخفضت الطاقة النوعیة بنسبة
32% و الطاقة المكافئة بنسبة 47% وكفاءة االتفتیت بنسبة 22% مع زیادة العمق من 10 الى 20 سم بینما كان تأثیر
التداخل بین السرعة الأمامیة و العمق معنویا على صفة قوة السحب و الطاقة النوعیة والطاقة المكافئة وكفاءة التفتیت وقدرة
- 1 السحب فعند العمق 10 سم والسرعة الامامیة 0.25 م ثا
ازدادت قوة السحب بنسبة 94% عند العمق 20 سم و السرعة
الامامیة 0.6 م ثا- 1 كما ان الطاقة النوعیة والمكافئة وكفاءة التفتیت تزداد بنسبة 61%,69%,52% على التوالي كما كان
تأثیر التداخل بین السرعة الأمامیة والعمق معنویا على صفة معدل القطر الموزون (MWD ) (دلیل التفتیت ) اذ حققت
1- السرعة الأمامیة 0.6 م ثا
والعمق 10 سم اقل قیمه لمعدل القطر الموزون (MWD) (اعلى تفتیت) مقدارها 27.89 ملم
1- كما حققت السرعة الأمامیة 0.25 م ثا
والعمق 20 سم أعلى قیمة لمعدل القطر الموزون (MWD) (اقل تفتیت) مقدارها
27.89 ملم.

نفذت تجربة حقلیة في أحد حقول كلیة الزراعة، جامعة البصرة (كرمة علي) للموسم الخریفي 2013
باستعمال آلة وضع السماد العضوي تحت سطح التربة المصنعة في قسم المكائن والآلات الزراعیة لدراسة تأثیر
1- أعماق الآلة 20 و30 و40 و50 سم وسرعتین أمامیتین 0.31 و0.50 م ثا
في بعض صفات النمو وحاصل الذرة
البیضاء (Moench (.L bicolor Sorghum صنف أسباني ودرست الصفات نسبة البزوغ وارتفاع النبات
وحاصل المادة الجافة وعدد الحبوب في الرأس ووزن 1000 حبة وحللت البیانات باستخدام تصمیم القطاعات
العشوائیة الكاملة. أظهرت النتائج تفوق عمق الآلة 50 سم بإعطائه أعلى ارتفاع نبات بلغ 223.52 سم وحاصل
1- مادة جافة بلغ 16.11 طن هـــ
1- وعدد حبوب في الرأس بلغ 1961.50 وحاصل الحبوب بلغ 5.15 طن هــــ
بینما
1- أعطى عمق الآلة 20 سم أعلى وزن 1000 حبة بلغ 31.83 غم و تفوقت السرعة الأمامیة 0.5 م ثا
وأعطت
1- أعلى نسبة بزوغ بلغت %79.79 وارتفاع نبات 209.52 سم وحاصل مادة جافة 14.29 طن هــــ
وعدد حبوب في
1- الرأس 1701.33 وحاصل الحبوب 3.97 طن هـــ
.