The Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This study examines the importance of digital marketing strategies as a factor of competitive advantage for architectural services firms in Iraq. Interviews are conducted with four architectural firms through a qualitative, interpretive approach. This study imposes that digital marketing strategies on platforms (Facebook, Instagram) lead to awareness of what architectural services are, in addition to examining the role these strategies play in reviving company business opportunities. Furthermore, this study aims to determine the reasons for the weak activity of architectural services companies in Iraq on communication platforms. One of the main reasons seems to be related to a lack of awareness on the part of architects and clients about digital architectural services. In addition, the results indicate the lack of integrated marketing strategies in these companies. Finally, this study will determine the type of digital marketing strategies for architectural services companies in 2021.

The design and implementation processes play an influential role in the craftsmanship analysis. The concept was presented in the previous studies from several aspects and levels. Previous studies focused on the intellectual side, others on the performative and executive side, and partially on factors of craftsmanship. The research problem is determining the extent of craftsmanship's factors at their intellectual and executive levels in the contemporary local product. The research aims to define the scope of the craftsmanship factors at the levels of their intellectual and executive aspects in contemporary local products. The study assumes that the achievement of craftsmanship in contemporary local production at the executive level is more significant than at the intellectual. This hypothesis was tested within six local samples, selected from accomplished projects, where the designer supervised and conducted the craftsman work directly. The samples were tested by a questionnaire method that the experts approved. Finally, the research discussion and results demonstrated that the craft includes a structure built with a set of influences that shape the design and construction processes and a mastery of the construction process. The research recommends a close interaction between intellectual and executive levels, for such an interaction is critical to the acquisition of craftsmanship.

According to World Health Organization, it has been proven that autism is on the rise worldwide and has become a significant challenge in education. Therefore, the research aims to (recognise the design of sensory integration spaces in autistic children's centres to improve the learning environment for the autism category. The research hypothesis states that (the process of designing sensory integration spaces in autism centres is achieved through developing various sensory spaces, applying design strategies, and adding elements that will contribute to creating integrated sensory spaces). The research adopted the descriptive analysis method based on the theoretical framework vocabulary extracted from the previous literature. The Art Therapy Cenproject Center, located in the southern region of the United States, was chosen for practical application. Research recommends that when designing spaces for autistic children, taking into account The severity of autism, where each type has a different sensory space. Inflated sense, spaces are white, and lighting devices are colored. While low sense recommends black walls and the use of ultraviolet lighting.

In architecture, the stylistic features at the level of form are among the topics discussed in the local architectural scene. The research problem was determined by the need for a clear conception of the stylistic features in architecture and the need to diagnose the individual style. The aim of the research is defined by defining the stylistic features in architecture and then presenting a theoretical framework that enables the analysis and, thus, diagnosis of the individual style by revealing its stylistic features at the phenotypic level. Then, the diagnosis of the individual style is at the level of phenotypic features. The research adopted the descriptive analytical method of the literature related to the topic. The steps of the approach followed are, first: Define a procedural definition of stylistic features and their types in architecture. Second, presenting a theoretical framework through which the individual style can be analyzed and its stylistic and phenotypic features in individual productions can be distinguished. Third: Extracting the theoretical framework and putting it in its final form. Practical study and application on a group of products belonging to a contemporary Iraqi architect.

Today\'s world faces rapid global events that have brought about significant transformations in systems (social, economic, political and environmental). That has led to significant challenges and developments in the twenty-first century, leading to research to find ways to meet today\'s needs and challenges. And various responses to enable them to meet today\'s needs and challenges. The study classifies the challenges into three pillars, including the social, economic and environmental pillars towards flexibility to achieve a positive response and undermine it with the negative aspect. As a manifestation, the architecture responds to these challenges to present new ones. Therefore, the research aims to identify the relationship between architectural challenges and response action. The research problem is conceptualizing the relationship between the architecture of challenges and social fear), and the research hypothesis is challenges play an impact force in generating transformations in the architecture community. The research found that the underpinnings of the challenges affect the architecture community through one challenge - multiple societies) multiple challenges - one society, increasing the impact of the challenges as a force in generating transformations in the crisis society and the response to the architecture.

The importance of the topic comes from the use of algorithms and digital technologies in our life, so the research problem was (the cognitive need to influence the algorithm in the formulation of digital media that creates a new form of the identity of the city). Hence, the goal is (to reformulate the visual vision of the city and the influence of architectural algorithms at the level of visual, formal and functional characteristics). It assumes the architecture algorithm as an application tool that will affect digital media technologies and the designer’s new design tools that lead to products with an identity that blends the traditional and digital forms of the city. The research aims to build the theoretical framework for the role of digital media technologies and to define its levels and mechanisms of application to determine the most critical influencing indicators in shaping the identity of the new city. The indicators' application and methodology are based on the triple analysis Likert scale using the SPSS statistical bag. Finally, the results were 40% to 100%. The conclusions indicated that digital media are (people who create their existence and show their individuality, thus the city's identity.

Technological development is an essential element in architectural development. It works to change the perception of how buildings are designed. Also, it leads to future horizons to imagine distinctive architecture based on the rules of the unfamiliar in architectural forms and the trend towards dynamic forms. Moreover, it takes nature as a source of inspiration and, in addition to the possibilities of technology for building materials, resulting in the emergence of unexpected, vibrant, and ever-changing architectural forms. Future architecture depends on using digital generation tools to form its free dynamic structure, and algorithms are one of the digital tools used today for generation and structural optimization. Therefore, the research problem of "the lack of a theoretical perception that describes algorithms and their role in shaping the structure of future architecture". The research initially dealt with the general knowledge of algorithms. Then the theoretical framework for algorithms was extracted by analyzing several architectural studies. After that, an applied example of the role of these algorithms was studied and analyzed. Then the main conclusions, recommendations and sources were presented.

The research discusses the development of an urban approach that acts as an orienting paradigm for the design in the religious city. Here comes the question about adopting metaphysical monism as an intellectual paradigm capable of formulating a formal paradigm of the religious town so that the city is not affected by undesirable transformations. To highlight the research problem, which stated: (there is no clear vision for the process of building a formal paradigm in the religious city based on the dominant intellectual forces), based on which the goal of the research was determined in making a theoretical framework for the intellectual and formal paradigm to extract the indicators defined by the forces controlling the formation of the holy city. The research was based on a hypothesis: (The paradigm is achieved in the religious city through the control of intellectual and formal indicators of the forces of metaphysical monotheism). Three study samples are elected for validation: local, regional and international. The research results revealed an almost complete absence of the formal religious paradigm, despite its intellectual solid untapped indicators in the local city.

Assessing urban environments is necessary to address and mitigate the undesirable effects of urban challenges at different levels. The city responds to these challenges complementarily by proceeding with changes at the level of the profound structure and urban transformations at the level of the virtual structure through a set of strategies, mechanisms and tools of urban design. Good urban is the potential response in facing the contemporary and future urban challenges facing the city that urban design practitioners aspire to solve and complement the requirements of users and occupants. The research seeks to address the concept of urban complementation. The research problem can be stated as the lack of knowledge about the indicators of measuring complementation in urban environments. Its goal is represented by the crystallization of a measuring tool for the extent of complementing the constituent levels of urban environments and evaluating its good urban design. The case study is classified on a regional and global level with depth and historical origins. The results yielded a general and evident weakness in the degree of complementation within northern and western regions of the ancient city of Kadhimiya, up to (20%).

The housing process in Iraq needs a comprehensive review, starting with its political philosophy and the content of its strategy, to produce a new vision and more efficient and empowering approaches for its central role in securing and caring for certain groups of society, especially those with limited income and those in need. In addition to emphasizing self-help and mutual assistance within the framework of future housing methods, this is one of the best ways to mobilize efforts and energies. Moreover, it is an entry point for developing innovative, non-traditional methods of high value. This research highlighted the role of marketing in the performance of residential investment projects in Baghdad (Points of strength and weakness). This research aims to clarify the impact of marketing management on the success of local residential investment projects in Baghdad through site selection, engineering designs, Cost, technology, and attracting residential investment to achieve spatial and temporal benefits. Through its implementation, the investment housing projects will be successful. To achieve the goal, a theoretical framework will be built and applied to the "Bruges Residential Investment Project" and "Dar al-Salaam Residential" projects.