Journal of University of Babylon

The present study focuses on English prepositions that are used by Arab second year students of English in their written performance. Hence, the aim of the study is to show the difficulties, sources, scopes of the incorrect uses of these prepositions and to find out the co relation between learners’ attitude towards English and their performance in the target languages. It is argued in this study that the students of English use and apply the target prepositions according to their native language. In this descriptive analytical approach Arabic is treated as source language and English as target language. Consequently, the researchers hope that this piece of information will be a helpful tool for instructors of courses and the students to avoid the increasing of bad writings. Consequently, the real discovery of this work is that many of ill-formed writings of student’s performance of English are made because of the different structures of the two distinct languages and this make the students choose the propositions when needed arbitrarily.

The study deals with two famous romantic poets: W. Blake, the English(1757-1827), and Jebran Khalil Jebran (1883- 1931, the Arab one who has been undoubtedly motivated by Blake's vision and mysticism.
Indeed, the study sheds light mainly on two symbolic terms of their poems, "The lamb" by Blake and "The flute" by Jebran. The Lamb refers to 'innocence' in Blake's poetry, whereas 'The 'Flute" means 'singing' in Jebran's poetry.
Tracing analytically their poetry, the study shows at last intertexual relation between their poetic views in order to understand nature, religion, and their relations with man's life. Many clear examples are included too.

The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of the educational program by the educational means in learning the technical performance and the level of achievement in the long jump, the researcher used the experimental method for its suitability the nature of the research. The sample of the research consisted of (20) students of the sixth grade of primary school and they were divided into two groups (experimental and control) of the number of (10) students for each group. The equivalence between two groups were carried out in variables (age, height, mass and some elements of fitness and mobility affecting the learning of technical performance) And the achievement in the long jump) the researcher used (questionnaire, measurement, testing and scientific observation) as tools for research, and the educational program was applied to the experimental group and the educational program without educational means to the control group, and each program (8) units of education , the time of each educational unit (45) minutes. The researcher used the following statistical means (arithmetical mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, percentage, t- test for dependent and independent samples.
The researcher reached the following conclusion:
1 – The educational program by the educational means, which was implemented by the experimental group, and the educational program without the educational means, which was implemented by the control group, are positively effected in learning the technical performance and the level of achievement in long jump activity for the sixth grade primary school.
2 - The experimental group that implemented the educational program by the educational means are excelled on the control group that implemented the educational program without the educational means in the post-test in both the technical performance and the level of achievement in long jump activity for the sixth grade primary school.

The aim of this investigation is to realize Perceptions of Success and Psychological rigidity of the players of the first class football clubs in the province of Nineveh as well as the nature of the relationship among Perceptions of Success and Psychological rigidity of the players of the first class football clubs in the province of Nineveh Researcher have used the descriptive method for being convenient with the nature of the research. The population of the research was represented by (178) of the players of the first class football clubs in the province of Nineveh for the sport season (2018) in the amount of (7) clubs. The sample of the research has been chosen from players belong to clubs that took part in the tournament according to a after excluding (10) players that represent the sample of invariability, (10) players that represent the sample of the exploratory experiment and (23) players who were not able to complete the answers on the scales. Thus, the total number of the research sample has become (135) players.
Researcher have applied two measurement tools in the research, Perceptions of Success and Psychological rigidity scale. Data obtained by the researcher were handled through using (arithmetic mean, normative deviation, percentage law, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient and hypothetical mean law). Researchers have concluded the following:
- the players of the first class football clubs in the province of Nineveh have a high level of Perceptions of Success and Psychological rigidity.
- The existence of a relationship positive between Perceptions of Success and Psychological rigidity of the players of the first class football clubs in the province of Nineveh.

The current research aims at investigation the weak motivation of college of basic education students towards learning educational and psychological materials. The researcher used descriptive method due to its appropriateness. The sample was (120) students in fourth year in humanitarian and scientific departments. The researcher made a survey of (20) items of three alternatives:(main reason – secondary reason – no reason) respectively.
Surface validity of the survey was verified by under passing a panel of referees specialized in educational and psychological materials. Stability of the scale was extracted using half split reading (0.80). The researcher used the following statistical methods (Pearson conjunction factor – Spearman – Brown formula – math means – standard deviation – T.test). The researcher came with the following results the reasons of weak motivation towards learning educational and psychological materials are:
1- The focus of scientific departments on specialized curriculums in first place.
2- Lack of awareness of students towards the important of educational and psychological materials.
3- The use of traditional method in teaching educational and psychological materials that lack excitement factor given these results , the researcher made a number of recommendations and suggestions such as:(held workshops in the college for teachers and students to explain the importance and aims of educational and psychological materials).
As for suggestions:(make a study about students trends towards educational and psychological materials in humanitarian departments in basic education college and their peers in scientific departments and its relation with some variables.

The Abbasid period was a period of prosperity for the scientific movement, as it witnessed a great development in various sciences and fields, due to the emergence of a large number of scientists, writers and thinkers as well as the interest of the Abbasid caliphs in translation and spread widely, and the Abbasid period expanded in education in general, Establishment of several schools and institutions concerned with culture The libraries of the House of Wisdom, established by the Caliph al-Ma'mun, have become a place for scientists and learners of the Nile from the sciences that are stored in their shelves, as well as the place where the products of the nation Scientists in various sciences.
Bayt al-Hikma was not only embraced by Arab and Muslim scholars, but also by non-Muslim scholars such as Nasri, Jews, Sabians and Persians. Who have mastered various sciences and played a role in their development. It is therefore necessary to shed light on them to clarify their role as they are Muslims who participated in their civilizational development.
The nature of the study necessitated dividing the research into an introduction, two papers, a conclusion, and a list of sources and references. The first topic dealt with the roots of the Abbasid House of Wisdom from the name, location, and establishment. The second topic included non-Muslim scholars in Beit al-Hikma from Christians, Jews, Sabians and Persians. The conclusion dealt with the main findings of the research.

Happiness is the main concept in positive psychology because it has a prominent place in the history of human thought. The problem of this research is to identify the levels of happiness of new students as they have moved from a limited stage of study to the university, which represents a broader horizon in the relationships and knowledge aspects of the specialization.
This research aimed to identify the following: Identify the level of happiness of new students admitted to the departments of the College of Education for Humanities at the University of Basra.
The statistically significant differences in the level of happiness of new students admitted to the departments of the College of Education for Humanities at the University of Basra, according to sex variable (males, females).
The research sample included (150) male and female students distributed among the departments of the college and both sexes. The researcher used the Oxford Happiness Inventory by Argyle and Lu.
The results of the research showed that all the sample of the final application of the research have indicators of happiness and there is no significant difference on the sex variable between males and females, which was identical with the results of most of the previous studies. At the end of the research, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The career of psychological guidance promotes human development by investing human potentials and potentials by using reason and thinking in order to build an advanced society by providing a better picture of the guidance process. The current research aims to identify:
1- psychological weakness of the educational counselors.
2 - Significance of statistical differences in psychological weakness according to gender variable (male - female).
3 - the level of performance of educational counselors.
4 - the significance of statistical differences in the level of performance of the function according to the type variable (male - female).
5 - The relationship between psychological weakness and the level of performance of educational counselors.
The current study was limited to educational counselors of both sexes in Anbar province, Ramadi district within the Directorate of Anbar Education. The researchers adopted the descriptive descriptive steps to achieve the objectives of his research. The current research community consists of all 80 mentors and mentors. To achieve the objectives of the research was built on the measure of psychological weakness and the measure of performance by the researchers. The two researchers also investigated the cycometric properties of the two measurements. The two measures were applied to the research community after processing the data using the following statistical means: the Kai square, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the one-term meta-test, the two-group tit test. The results showed that:
1. The members of the research sample in general suffer from mental weakness, and there are differences in favor of males.
2 - the level of performance higher than the average among the sample members.
3 - There is an inverse relationship between psychological weakness and functional performance.

This paper investigates the communicative pragmatic strategies associated with the realization and use of the linguistic dichotomy"Terror" vs."Horror", with regard to their denotative and connotative meanings in the Glorious Quran (and Hadith) discourse. To that end, a number of Qur’anic verses and Hadith utterances containing the two terms have been chosen and analyzed within the theoretical framework of a pragmalinguistic approach as a perspective, mostly based on Jef Verschueren’s (1999) Linguistic Adaptation Theory (LAT).On the light of this model, it is argued here that the realization and use of these two terms in the religious discourse of Quran and Hadith indicate various underlying linguistic and pragmatic strategies with different denotations and connotations revealed from the positive and negative conceptualized impacts on interpreters. It is also argued that in the relevant discourse, the adaptation process, based on choice making, dynamic negotiation, and linguistic adaptation to physical, social and cognitive variables of the context of situation, is used. From this perspective, such a discourse is interpreted with reference to the meaning generation derived from the focal points of context, structure, dynamics and salience. The results of the analysis reveal that these two terms are used for various different pragmatic (and ideological) strategies based on their contrasting denotations and connotations. The paper reaches a conclusion that these two linguistic expressions are dynamically and intentionally realized as two antonymous expressions with reference to their denotations and connotations, and used for certain pragmatic strategies that make the religious discourse function as a tool provided by language for the utterers and interpreters to satisfy their communicative needs most appropriately. The results and conclusions, raised here, might be of significant effects, or impacts, on translation matters; particularly, in the Arabic world, insofar as the linguistic dichotomy "Terror" vs. "Horror" is concerned.

The real problem of the research lies in the absence of special exercises the same _ kinetics can help teachers of physical education in controlling their psychological variables, including the physical self as well as some of the physical capabilities of the special exercises of the necessary and basic goals make them positive trends towards the lesson of physical education and through which Reach the positive state of self level that they have and thus we get the perfect job performance.
The research objectives were
1-Preparing special psychomotor exercises for physical education teachers in Wasit governorate / Essaouira district.
2-Preparation of the physical self-measure for teachers of physical education in the province of Wasit / district of Essaouira.
3-to identify the impact of special exercises prepared in the physical self and some physical abilities of teachers of physical education in Wasit province.
The conclusions of the research were as follows
1-The adoption of special exercises prepared by the researcher had a positive impact on the physical self of physical education teachers.
2-The proposed special exercises have an effective effect on the development of physical abilities of the experimental group, which included.

The idea of thesis summarized in identifying efficiency of change colors on the performance for some of the tests of skill for the accuracy of football applied on a sample of young players of clubs (Ommal Nineveh -AlmostaqbalAlmushriq- Alfutuwh) in order to find out the best effect of color on the accuracy of performance of some skills tests football.

Forced migration is directly related to security and political conditions, where people are forced to emigrate and leave their country of origin without their will, this migration is collective and in a standard circumstance. People may emigrate in thousands and in a few days and result in many problems in the areas of expulsion and population attraction alike, which lead to demographic change and social problems and increase the size of the population in the area of attraction and the consequent pressure on services and others and the opposite of the area of expulsion.
The study deals with forced migration of minorities (Shabak, Christians and Isidin) from the city of Mosul to the Nineveh Plain after the fall of the regime in 2003, and the consequent turbulent events of the security and political conditions, especially after the entry of armed gangs (Al Qaeda) to the city of Mosul. The extremist groups began to threaten and kill members of minorities on a sectarian, religious and sectarian basis. The research also examined the motives behind this migration and its negative effects.
GIS was used to represent forced migration data in the form of maps representing the number of displaced families. There was a difference in the number of displaced families to areas of Nineveh Plain, Al-Hamdaniya district ranked first in terms of the number of displaced families (11720) by (79.3%), the second rank was Talqeef district (1873) families by (12.7%), and the third was Sheikhan district (1186) families and by (8%).

The study aimed to recognize the contribution rates of some Kinematical variables of main position in the Skillful performance level of the two-handed backhand stroke for tennis players, The researchers assumed that there are a contribution ratios of some Kinematical variables of main position in the skillful performance level of the two-handed backhand stroke for tennis players, research sample was consisted of (8) senior players in Ninevah province, the researchers concluded that the Kinematical variables (shoulders angle, height of the BMC) in the main position had a significant contribution in the skillful performance level of the two-handed backhand stroke, the researchers recommend to emphasis on the tennis coaches to adopt mechanical variables, which showed a significant contribution to its role in the development the two-handed backhand stroke skill and to Increase the interest in the Kinematical variables that produced by the study.

The research aims to
- Experimenting the electronic device designed to train and teach students how to avoid mistakes made while performing long jump attempts and try to achieve the best by controlling the steps and performance so that students can succeed in their attempts and not waste any attempt or lost through errors touching the painting before the upgrade، To benefit from the results of research and to determine the validity of this device during the performance exercises to train and teach students on how to adapt and then performance without it and to achieve the objectives of the research.
And this requires the administrators of the process of teaching and training to the proper planning of programs for how to program and organize the lesson or module and deliver the training process to the highest degrees of rapid progress to achieve success for students or players to achieve the achievements of sports in sports competitions، In the training program applied to the students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences، the fourth phase - Mosul University for the academic year 2018-2019، consisting of (20) students، was excluded (4) students، and was denied Y search experience on (16) students.
The statistical program (Spss) was used to obtain the results that proved that training using the electronic device designed to train and teach students is effective in how to reduce the wrong attempts of the long jump efficiency. Moreover، training using the electronic device design has developed a significant development in the sample remote tests search.

This research aims to study the impact of early marriage on the educational attainment of the students of the College of Education for Women / University of Tikrit, and to know its direction, whether negative or positive, so a random sample of 80 students were selected, including 40 married students and 40 unmarried students from the third stage students and from various departments After (T) test of double observations to compare the rates of married students in the third stage with their rates in the first stage, it was found that there were significant differences in the educational attainment of female students due to the weight of their responsibility.

To measure the level of psychological rebellion among high school students The aim of the research was to measure the level of psychological rebellion among high school students and to identify the significance of the differences in the level of psychological rebellion among the members of the research sample according to the variables: gender (male / female) and geographical location (rural, city). The sample included (250) teachers and schools of secondary school teachers participating in the project of networks of communication between the Directorate of Education of Basrah Governorate and Basra University for the academic year (2016-2017).
The researcher used the tool of psychological rebellion: (prepared by the researcher), and showed the results enjoyed high school students with a high level of psychological rebellion. The results showed no statistically significant differences in psychological mutations in the research variables.