Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences

The present research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Lab. - Agriculture College –
Basrah University for the period from 1/12/2010 to 1/10/2011 in order to propagate strawberry plant
(Fragaria ananassa) cv. Albion using leaf segment and petiole in vitro culture by direct and indirect
organogenesis. The results of showed that leaf segment produced granular callus after two months of
culture on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5) mg.l-1
benzyl adenine with a fixed concentration of naphthalene acetic acid (0.2 mg.l-1
). The MS medium
supplemented with 1.5 mg.l-1
benzyl adenine led to the shoot formation. The results also indicated that
petioles cultured with the same components of MS medium led to the formation of coherent and active
callus increased the quantity of increasing the concentration of benzyl adenine. When it culture led to
shoot production with the emergence of the roots of white reddish short down this shoots at a
concentration of 2.0 mg.l-1
benzyl adenine with the emergence of adventitious shoots directly from cut
zone of leaf base of petiole . The results also showed that the cultivation of petiole with leaf base in MS
medium with the same components and concentrations with the replacement of the kinetin instead of
benzyl adenine led to the formation of lobular callus at concentrations of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg.l-1 Kinetin
that gave shoots when re-cultured, while the petioles did not continue to growth at 0.5 and 1.0 mg.l
-1
.
kinetin. The results showed a lobular callus production on leaf segments when growing in the MS
medium supplemented with at 1.0 and 2.0 mg.l-1
concentrations of benzyl adenine with a fixed
concentration at 0.1 mg.l-1
of 2,4-D. When the induced callus re-cultured at 2.0 mg.l-1
benzyl adenine led
to the shoots formation.

An experiment was conducted during winter season of 2010-2011 at Al-Hartha, Basrah. The
aim was to study the effect of foliar spraying of chelated iron and thiamine on growth and green yield of
broad been cv. Yldz. The experiment included (9) factorial treatments came from the interaction among
three cheated iron 6% conc. of (0, 150, 300) mg/l and three thiamine conc. of (0, 50, 100) mg/l.
Randomized complete Block Design was used in factorial experiment. Revised Least Significant
Differences was used at probability of 0.05. Results showed that there were a significant effects of foliar
spraying of chelated iron of 150 mg/l on vegetative growth and all yield characteristic except seed
number in pod, try matter. Treatment foliar spraying of thiamine 50% caused a significant increase on
vegetative growth, pod and all yield characteristic. The interaction between the treatment was significant
in vegetative growth and all yield characteristic. The treatment foliar spraying of chelated iron of 150
mg/l and foliar spraying of thiamine 50% gave the highest values of pod yield per plant (671.3 gm) and
the green pod productivity 13.09 tone donum-1
.

This study has been performed to determine the effect of mutant isolate of the antagonistic fungus
Trichoderma harzianum on the growth and yield of Corn Zea mays L. in the soil of Abu Zarak marshland in
Thiqar province. The results of the current study elucidated the significant effect of the recombination
between mutant isolate and Nitrogen fertilizer (80 kg/donum) in the promoting of the growth and increasing
of the yield of Corn, the treatment led to increase the following parameter: leaf area index; number of ears
per plant and number of rows per ear which reached to 3.84; 1.45 and 16.84, respectively, in contrast with
control treatment 2.99; 1.19 and 13.70, respectively. The significant increase of the yield of corn was seen
after the treatment with the T. harzianum and Nitrogen fertilizer in terms of the weight of 1000 grain {gm}
and the total yield {ton/ hector} which were 129.73 gm and 5.92 ton/hector, respectively, in contrast with
118.74 gm and 2.75 ton/hector, in control treatment, respectively. In addition, the analysis of the nutrient
content of the corn shoot system proved that the N; P and K were higher in the treatment of the bioagent
alone or with Nitrogen fertilizer than what were seen in other treatments.

An experiment was conducted during winter season of 2011 /2012 in one of Agriculture
College Field ,Basrah Univ ., to evaluate the effect of planting method, number of plant / hole and
spraying of salicylic acid in vegetative and tield growth of Cumin plan (Cuminum cyminum L.) var .
"Syrian Local" . The experiment included 12 factorial treatments as sum of all combirations of three
factors ; two methods of planting at( row and plots) , number of plant / hole( one or two plants /hole) and
spraying with salicylic acid at three concentrations ( 0 , 25 , and 50 mg/L). Randomized Complete Block
Design was used 5%. at factorial experiment with three replicates, L.S.D. Test was used at probability of
the most important result were increases in plant height , lateral branches number /plant , leaves number
/plant , inflorescences number / plant , yield / plant , total yield/ donam ,vegetative growth wet and dry
weight , total soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll , The number of plant / hole gave a significant
increases when the plants cultivated as one plant / hole than plant which culture as two plants . The
cultivated plants in row were surpassed significantly in plant height , number of total leaves / plant
vegetative growth weight number of leteral branches / plant , number of inflorescencs/ plant , seed yield
/plant , seed production / donam , wet and dry weight of shoots / plant and leaves content of total
carbohydrates soluble and total chlorophyll . Wheras, number of plants per hole was significantly surpass
too . one plant per hole was superior than two plants per hole for all study factors except plant height
where two plants per hole was superior than one plant per hole in plant height . plant that was Spraying
with salicylic acid at 50 mg/L gave a significantl increases in all studied parameters, The interaction
between the studied factors gave a significant effect on all studied characteristics.

This study was amaid to evaluate the affectivity of some biological control
agents as Pseudomonase fluoresence ; Bacillus subtilis ;Paecilomyces fumosoroseus
;Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzanium in inhibition the growth of Fusarium
oxysporum Schl f.sp lycopersici in P.D.A. and reduce infection of tomato plant by
fusarium wilt disease in the green house. The study showed that the biological control
agents have a high antagonistic ability in inhibition growth of F.o.l. in P.D.A. the
inhibition zone reached 3cm in P. fluoresence and B. subtilis treatment and the
inhibition zone reached to 1.55, 2.05, 3 cm in P. fumosoroseus ; Trichoderma viride
and Trichoderma harzanium tretment respectively. Green house experiment revealed
that formulation of P. fluorescens added to soil infected with F.o.l increased the seed
germination and reduced the seedling damping off to 76.67% and 3.70 % respectively,
while this parameter reached 73.33% and 5.55 % respectively compared with treatment
F.o.l . was 36.67% and 24.44 % respectively. The biological control agents caused
and increased of the shoot growth , the fresh and dry weights of the shoot and root
system, the number of branches per plant and height plant, in addition to the treatment
with B. subtilis + F.o.l reached 73.33% and 5.55 % respectively compared with
treatment F.o.l. was 36.67% and 24.44 % respectively. The biological control agents
caused and increasd of some of the shoot growth as the fresh and dry weights of the
shoot and root system, the number of branches per plant and height plant.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the different concentration of Salicylic acid
(SA)against the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid the causal of charcoal
Rot disease on Sunflower plants . The result showed that the inhibitory effect of (SA) on development of
M. phaseolina increased linearly with increasing concentration, the colony diameter reduced to 4.6, 1.2
cm at 200, 250 mg\ L respectively. The same concentration of (SA) inhibited the germination of sclerotia
to 66.67%, 26.67% respectively. The result showed that the different treatment of (SA) were effective in
reducing the disease infection significantly the least infection was 16.96% when 250 mg \ L of (SA) was
applied while at control was 64.6%. Result indicate that (SA) at 200, 250 mg\L increased dry weight of
shoot to 0.336, 0.363 gm respectively and dry weight of root to 0.056, 0.063 gm respectively compared
to control ones which is 0.24, 0.039 gm respectively and reduced the number of sclerotia which was
27.2, 20.1 sclerotial \ gm of Rhizosphere soil compared to control which is 49.2 sclerotial \ gm soil

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Roquette oil (Eruca
sativa) which used as an additive in the diet of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
young’s. Roquette oil added at different rates (0, 2, 4 and 6%) to the standard fish diet. Fish
distributed at a rate of six fish per replicate in the aquaria with two replicate per treatment.
Fish fed at a rate of 5% of body weight per day for a period of 40 days from 10.20.2010.
Fish weight was measured in successive periods in addition to the measurement the
physical and chemical proprieties. It was found that the addition of Roquette oil at rate of
6% gave the highest weight gain (2.83 gm) compared to the other diets, while the Relative
and Specific Growth Rate was higher in all treatment compared to diet with 4%.When
expected body weight was calculated using TGC values it was found that diets containing
2 and 6% Roquette oil fish weight was higher than other two diets after 180 days .Physical
tests of diets showed that diets containing 2 and 6% Roquette oil revealed approximate and
more efficient values than other two diets . It was concluded from the present study that
the addition of 2% Roquette oil with plant oil or 6% totally replacement with plant oil lead
to improve fish growth parameters and physical proprieties of diets.

During the period from November 2007 till April 2009, a total of 514
cyprinodontid fish, Aphanius dispar (Rüppell, 1828) were collected from Garmat Ali river
and Khora canal in Basrah province. Fishes were macroscopically and microscopically
examined for disease agents. Among the several parasites recorded, the occurrence of the
ancyrocephalid monogenean Ancyrocephalus polymorphus was considered as the first
record in fishes of Iraq. Two worms were found attached on gills of one fish. The body is
small, 320 micrometer in length and 70 micrometer in width. The anterior end has two
pairs of cephalic lobes and two pairs of eye spots. Holdfast organ on the posterior end of
the body has seven pairs of marginal hooks and two pairs of median hooks. With the
present record, number of Ancyrocephalus species now reached two in fishes of Iraq.

Food composition and morphological of alementary tract and gill rakers relations were studied
for mullet Liza klunzingeri which collected from Shatt Al-Basrah canal during July 2008 until June
2009.There was a correlation between mouth gap, ratio of mouth length to total length (ML/TL), intestine
length with total length, while the was no correlation between the ratio of intestine length to total length
(IL/TL) with total length. A positive correlation (p=0.037) was found between gill raker numbers and the
percentage of eggs witch formed part of L. klunzingeri diet. The linear relation between morphological
characters were more accurate than the exponential relation. It was concluded that it was possible to use
some morphological characters to recognized food habits of klunzingeri mullet.

This study was carried out at the molecular genetics Lab., college of
agriculture, university of Basrah (UOB). The cow, buffalo, horse, donkey, sheep and
pig meat were analyzed for detection and identification of meat adulteration in this
species. DNA from meats samples (0.5 gram) was extracted and subjected to analysis
using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with species specific repeat (SSR).
Examined primers by amplifying DNA of animals meat were confirmed on all meats.
The results showed that extracted whole DNA genome and mitochondrial DNA for all
species included in the study were very good quality and a high molecular weight
which is one of the most basic requirements in molecular research, especially in the
genetics fields. Amplification product has been detected of the encoding gene for SSR
technique in cows and buffaloes meat as gave the same band in cows and buffaloes
which appeared 603 bp in raw, canned and frozen meat. Also have been detected
amplification of the encoded gene product for SSR technique of horses and donkeys, it
gave the same band in both (221 bp) in raw meat samples only. Regarding sheep meat
have been detected amplification product of the encoding gene for SSR technique, it
gave amplification product that appeared 374 bp in raw and minced meat.
Amplification product of the encoding gene for SSR technique gave specialist pig band
which appeared 100 ≥ bp in raw meat samples that direct recognize succeefully in meat
samples used in this study. These findings showed that molecular genetics techniques
such as PCR with SSR technique are potentially reliable, much cheaper and faster for
identification of meats in food control laboratories and detection of meat type in meat
products for halal authentication

An experiment was conducted during winter season of 20092010 in Tomato
Development Project belong to Basrah Agricultural Director, Khor Al-Zubair.
The aim of the experiment in order to study the effect of three eggplant hybrid
cultivars (Guihar, Galine and Pareshlona) and spraying with chelated iron (0,
100 and 200 mg.l-1
) on growth and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
grown in plastic house. Split Plot Design by Randomized Complete Block
Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications, and the least significant difference test
(L.S.D) was used to compare averages at a probability level of 0.05. Results
showed that Galine plants gave significant increases in main stem diameter, leaf
numbers and leaf area. While Barcelon plants gave significant increases in plant
height and fruit numbers.plant-1
,while Guihar plant gave significant increases in
fruit weight rate, total plant yield (3.168 kg), the early yield (0.914 tons. plastic
house-1
) and the highest total production of the plastic house, which amounted to
3.650 tons. Spraying plants with100 mg.L-1
iron significant superiority in the
stem diameter, total number of leaves, leaf area and number of fruits. Plant-1
,
yield per plant (3.172 kg), early yield (0.874 tons. Plastic house-1) and house
productivity. The amount of plastic was 3,654 tons, while the 200 mg.L-1
iron
significant increases in the average fruit weight, but the plants that were not
sprayed excelled in reducing the time until the first harvest. The interactions
between the two factors gave a significant effect in all studied parameters.

An experiments was carried out during the growing season of 2009/2010 in the lath house of the Hort. Dep., Agric. Coll., Basrah Univ. in order to investigate the effect of spraying with gibberellic acid and potassium fertilizer on vegetative and flowering growth and volatile oil of Marigold plant Tagetes eracta L. The experiment included nine factorial treatments three concentrations of gibberellic acid 0, 75 or 150 mg/l and three levels of potassium fertilization 0, 30 or 60 Kg K₂O/hectare. The results were as follows:- Spraying plants with Gibberellic acid at a concentration of 75 mg/1 caused a significant increase in plant height, lateral branches number/plant, inflorescences number/plant, volatile oil percentage, oil yield/ plant, density, and refractive index of volatile oil. Spraying plants with gibberellic acid at a concentration of 150 mg/l caused a significantly reduced number of days till opening the first flowery bud, fresh weight and diameter of inflorescence, and specific gravity of volatile oil, while no spraying caused a significant increase in fresh weight of vegetative growth. In contrast, spraying have no effect on the leaves number/plant, stem diameter, and dry weight of vegetative growth. 30 Kg K₂O/hectare potassium fertilizer causes a significant increase in plant height, fresh weight and diameter of inflorescence, density, and refractive index of volatile oil, while 60 Kg K₂O/hectare potassium fertilizer causes a significant increase in the leaves number/plant, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of vegetative growth, number of days till opening the first flowery bud, inflorescences number/plant, volatile oil percentage and oil yield/ plant. Potassium fertilizer do not affect lateral branches number/plant and refractive index of volatile oil. Interaction between the factors of the study has a significant effect in all studied parameters.