Journal of Business Economics for Applied Research

The issue of monetary policy and financial markets is one of the topics that have received attention from the makers of economic policy through its role in achieving stability in all economic sectors, with great interest from developed and developing countries alike for its effective role in attracting savings and directing it towards investment channels that work on the development of the economy in various Its sectors and that financial markets are affected by many variables, including, in particular, monetary policy variables, where the research aims to measure and know the extent of the impact of some monetary policy variables on the general index of stock prices in Jordan for the period (1990-2019) through the use of specialized models to study the financial and monetary markets and using the program The statistician (Eviews10), and the research concluded from the results of the statistical tests of time series data in Jordan that the general variable of stock prices was stable at Level I(0), thus fulfilling the conditions for building the ARDL model, as the results of this test indicated is no a co-integration between the approved variables in Jordan, while it was found that there is an effect of using the ARCH model, which proved its efficiency in the field of forecasting the financial market index, as well as The results of the research showed that there are statistical relationships for the money supply variable and that it has a direct relationship in the financial indicator and has a significant effect on, as for the variables of (inflation rate, exchange rate and interest rate) it was not moral and was interpreted according to economic concepts, and then the research found a group of The recommendations include that monetary policy variables have an impact on the general index of stock prices in Jordan.

The current research aims to determine the role of servant leadership and its contribution to achieving social responsibility in Zain Iraq Telecom. And the research problem crystallized in the recent changes that were reflected in one way or another on the business environment and their impact on the behavior of individuals and workers, as the traditional leadership style became unable to face those challenges. And applied, the sample of the respondents was selected from (employees, unit managers, division managers, and department managers), which numbered (1478) individuals. The sample of the current study is a stratified random sample of (315) individuals, as (12) invalid questionnaires were excluded. The data was analyzed using a number of statistical methods using computer software (SPSS) and (AMOS). The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a significant correlation between servant leadership at the macro level and social responsibility in the organization in question. The results of the field study confirmed that servant leadership at the total level contributes to a positive impact in enhancing social responsibility in the organization in question. Subordinates First, Helping Subordinates, Behavior with Ethics, Commitment to Community Development, Emotional Healing).

This research aims to test the relationship of the effect that career maturity has on strategic sovereignty by identifying the impact of the dimensions of job maturity represented by (job planning, job training, crystallizing work trends, decision-making ability). On strategic sovereignty in its dimensions represented by (circle of influence, competitive pressure, competitive formation). The private colleges in the city of Baghdad were chosen to form the research community, and the research sample was represented by administrative leaders who are at the level (deans, assistant deans, heads of departments). Which included the senior administrative leaders (145) individuals in (10) private colleges in the city of Baghdad, and the questionnaire was relied on As a tool for measuring research variables, and in order to process the data, a number of statistical methods were used using the statistical program (SPSS.V.23, Amos.V.25). The researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach in completing this research, and the research came out with a set of results, the most important of which is the existence of a significant effect relationship between the study variables in the higher administrations in the colleges investigated.

The study aimed to identify the extent to which the administrative leaders of Rafidain Bank and its branches in the city of Mosul possess the dimensions of pioneering leadership (strategic vision, creativity, proactiveness, risk tolerance). The study adopted the descriptive analytical method, and the field of study was determined in Rafidain Bank and its branches in Nineveh Governorate, and the study sample was selected, which amounted to (205) employees from the employees of the questioned bank and its branches, and the data was analyzed and processed by adopting the ready-made statistical program (SPSS) to test the hypotheses of the study and verify its validity. In light of the statistical treatment, many results were reached, the most important of which were: The managers of the surveyed bank and its branches possess the dimensions of entrepreneurial leadership according to the opinions of the individuals surveyed.

The aim of the research is to identify what is the material flow cost accounting technique and what is the competitive advantage in promoting the MFCA of the enterprise in question and to find technical possibility,From the economic and intertemporal information produced by the technique, the research examined by identifying its concepts, importance, objectives, and MFCA, the theoretical framework and characteristics of the technique as well as the steps for its implementation, and presenting the proposed model of the technique.The research hypothesis was tested by conducting a study, MFCA (Accounting of Flow of Material Costs), which attempted to apply this model in Samarra, Iraq, in order to investigate the effectiveness of the model in improving quality in the facility. To verify the effectiveness of this model in reducing cost and improving quality at the facility. The research found that this technology is excellent at high cost and at high cost are simulated, it lowers the cost, it supports creativity and produces evidence-friendly and loss-free products to enhance the MFCA facility. The research recommended that the technology should be applied to the MFCA.

The industrial sector is of great importance in the economy of any country, whether it is advanced or underdeveloped, given the size of the front and back interconnections created by the industrial sector, and Iraq is one of the countries that relies on industrialization policy to build a strong and diversified economy that benefits from the revenues of the oil sector. The form of the relationship between the growth of the industrial sector and economic growth, represented by the gross domestic product in Iraq, and we reached realistic results, as the economic growth of Iraq depends on a single sector, which is the industrial sector, as the relationship is direct between them, so when the revenues of the industrial sector increase, any increase in growth The industrial sector, the economic growth increases, as a result of the increase in incomes and thus the increase in the demand for industrial products and the increase in loans and money provided to the industrial sector, which increases its output.

This research was prepared to study geographical marketing (using geographic information systems) and its role in the success of project management by applying it to Badush Cement Factory in Nineveh Governorate. The relationship between the two variables of the research, as it can be seen that the use of the geographic information system, as an informational tool and an important marketing tool, forced the marketing and sales managers in organizations to change the marketing strategy, as well as the ways to accomplish advertising campaigns, by focusing on this new medium, which will enable organizations to Expand the field of marketing activities, regardless of their size, and compete in the market on equal terms, as they will be able to open direct channels of communication with customers.
Project management success is concerned with measuring success based on quality, time, cost, beneficiary satisfaction, and sustainability, and includes adherence to budget and schedule constraints, applying appropriate quality standards, and achieving project objectives. The research hypotheses were tested by analyzing the opinions of the employees of the organization in question, using a questionnaire form, which was distributed to a random sample of the managers of the organization in question, totaling 49 respondents The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a significant effect of geographical marketing on the success of project management in the surveyed organization, as well as presenting a set of proposals, the most important of which is the need to increase the interest of the surveyed organization in the statistical and cartographic data in order to maintain the success of its project management.

The research aims to know the role of the Auditor\'s industry Specialization in supporting the mechanisms of corporate governance represented by (the independence of the board of directors, the size of the board of directors, concentration of ownership), by applying to a sample of companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period from 2011 to 2019, the research dealt with an analysis method Content of the annual financial statements of a sample of (12) companies distributed in to (6) banks and (6) industries, as well as the use of industrially specialized external audit offices, their reports and interviews. Correlation and regression models were used to examine the relationship and influence between these variables, and the Using the statistical program (SPSS Ver. 23) to test the research hypotheses, and the research concluded that companies in the Iraqi environment have a low level of reliance on audit offices that are characterized by industry specialization. The results also indicate that there is a significant correlation between the industry specialization of the auditor and two mechanisms of corporate governance, which is the independence of the board of directors, the size of the board of directors, while there was no significant relationship with the mechanism of concentration of ownership, and that there is a statistically significant effect of the industry specialization of the auditor in two mechanisms of corporate governance. It is the independence of the board of directors, the size of the board of directors, while there was no statistically significant effect on the mechanism of concentration of ownership. The researchers recommend that the legislative and regulatory bodies for the audit profession in Iraq should confirm the existence of an acceptable level of industrial specialization in the activity of the client whose accounts they audit because of its role in supporting corporate governance.

The current research aims to clarify the nature of the relationship and the impact between strategic openness, in enhancing the interconnectedness of the value-availability network, in the Iraqi telecommunications companies as a research community. The research sample consisted of managers in the technical and administrative departments, and employees of the companies of the same research, who numbered (193), by adopting the questionnaire as a measurement tool. On the use of multiple regression coefficient and correlation coefficient. The most prominent findings of the research in the philosophical and field framework, that the strategic openness works to analyze strategic situations and identify strengths and weaknesses. The guide is considered in taking appropriate strategies to deal with the problems facing the organization with all the parties associated with it, which activates the organization\'s value network. The value-availability network consists of suppliers, organizations, employees, distributors, marketers, and customers. The concept focuses on enhancing the value provided to the customer. It is one of the modern concepts that works to build close relationships with all parties concerned with providing value to the customer. The dimension of strategic transparency ranked first in terms of its importance within the dimensions of strategic openness, and this indicates that the surveyed companies are interested in the transparency of their dealings with the relevant authorities, especially with regard to documenting the quality of their services and enhancing signs of confidence among customers in the level of services provided and how to consolidate the relationship with them.
The researcher reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: The surveyed companies should focus on the in-depth practices in the strategic literature, including the strategic openness that focuses on looking at strategic issues in different ways and different points of view, improving and promoting the best of them, and creating new and different spaces to develop appropriate strategies for all Beneficiaries of the organization and strengthening their interdependence.

The wide and large spread of financial fraud in economic units and the need for adequate professional care by auditors to discover it and to develop traditional auditing methods to discover and reduce fraud in financial statements. The research aims to shed light on the role of traditional auditing in the face of financial fraud, by clarifying the knowledge bases of financial fraud, as well as determining the responsibility of auditors for providing the necessary procedures and tests to prevent misrepresentation and manipulation of financial statements. The research relied on a three-axis questionnaire that was presented to a group of professors specialized in the field of accounting in Iraqi universities, especially the University of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya University, and a number of external auditors for the purpose of studying and demonstrating the role of traditional auditing and its importance in discovering financial fraud. Among the most prominent conclusions reached by the research: There is a major and remarkable role for the traditional audit in detecting and limiting financial fraud in economic units.

The issue of stock markets has become one of the topics that receive great attention in the Arab countries due to the important roles that these markets assume. The study aimed to recognize the impact of the stock market on economic growth and to measure this impact through the stock market development indicators (number of listed companies, turnover rate, market capitalization ratio, volatility index, concentration index and trading volume) on the economic growth, and to determine the impact of these indicators on economic growth. The study relied upon several hypotheses: finding out the impact of stock market development indicators on economic development of oil- producing countries and the extent of this impact, and there were several results for this impact, namely the presence of a significant effect on a number of indicators on economic growth, except for the indicator of turnover rate and volume of trade where there was a presence of an insignificant effect for the oil countries. The study community was represented by the Arab financial markets for the oil countries (Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait); the study reached several conclusions, the most important of which was the presence of a significant effect of the financial markets with their six indicators on economic growth. As for the most important recommendations made by the study, it was the necessity to express the indicators of the stock market development and to know more about the stock markets and their relation with economic growth and to work more on raising awareness of the role of financial markets, and to develop them.

This research aims to find out the extent of the contribution and impact of strategic alignment in achieving organizational innovation, something that is abstracted by the ministry of Education office, where the strategic evil was addressed as an independent variable in resuming the living and represented by (communication, partnership, governance, skills, and infrastructure, which it adopted), and organizational innovation as a dependent variable by its dimensions (openness to change, Risk-Taking, future orientation, Proactiveness) based on the and appropriate statistical Methods were used to analysis the data, and the research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which was the presence of a significant effect between the Strategic alignment and its dimensions) Communication, Partnership and Governance, Skills, Infrastructure in Organizational innovation. The Partnership has achieved the highest impact contributions, and the importance of this dimension is evident through the support shown by the geese. It offers new ideas, and promises to be an encouraging incentive to develop a large-scale Work environment. In conclusion, he presented a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which was the need to pay attention to the strategic alignment with the concept of the contemporary by directing its heads and Working to achieve coordination and functional integration in a manner that ensures the appropriate application of information technology according to future visions that lead to Stability, Solidarity and alignment among employees to confront evidently destructive changes.

The aim of this study is to seek to identify the role of smart leadership in improving the quality of banking services, and to suggest mechanisms that help raise the quality of banking services in the banks under study.
Research design: The research included quantitative analysis of data related to commercial banks in the south of the country under study, which numbered (7) commercial banks. The study sample included a group of employees in these banks, numbering (80) individuals. Banks in improving the quality of banking services, and the study sought to test a number of hypotheses related to the influence relationships between the study variables represented by smart leadership and the quality of banking services. The data was processed through statistical methods using the program (SPSS.(
The results of this study showed that there is a significant impact relationship between smart leadership and its dimensions with the quality of banking service

The aim of the research is to identify the test of the impact of local and foreign direct investment on a basic variable of the macroeconomic variables in Iraq during the study period, which is the general revenue, through the use of an appropriate standard model, which is the ARDL model, and the study concluded that there is a significant direct effect of foreign investment The partial elasticity of revenue for direct foreign investment reached (0.2844), and this means that the increase in foreign direct investment in the long term by (1%) leads to an increase in the proceeds of revenues by (0.2844), and the results of the study also proved the existence of A positive significant effect of domestic direct investment on public revenues, as the partial elasticity of revenue for domestic direct investment reached (0.4745), and this means that the increase in domestic direct investment in the long term by (1%) leads to an increase in the proceeds of revenues by (0.4745), we conclude From that, these results were identical to the economic theory, as the increase in both types of investment (domestic or foreign) means an increase in fees imposed on investors, and this leads to an increase Public revenues, and these investments indirectly contribute to supporting the general budget in general and revenues in particular through the establishment of new projects that cannot be financed from the budget. The study recommended that the Iraqi government work hard to create an appropriate and attractive investment environment for investments by making the determinants of the investment environment in favor of attracting investments such as creating infrastructure, fighting financial and administrative corruption, modernizing the financial and banking sector, facilitating administrative procedures and eliminating administrative red tape, securing investment sites The protection of investors, especially foreigners, the correct and effective promotion of investment opportunities available in Iraq to investors, and giving the National Investment Commission and its branches in the governorates independence and a greater role in order to play their active role in attracting investments through activating the role of the single window and investor services and the application of Investment Law No. (13) For the year (2006) and its subsequent amendments.

The cross-fertilization of various sciences as methods of operations research and statistics and economics with each other, the opportunity to uncover aspects of the problems that undergo ambiguity. This paper came as an extension of that, to review the impact of health systems on the economic performance of a sample of Corona pandemic countries like the United States of America, China, Italy, Spain, Thailand and Iraq, on a series of data with temporal and cross-sectional information content together Panel data models were used to study their stability, to indicate the effect of the strength of the health system, and the degree of external openness on the increase or decrease in the number of deaths., In addition to reviewing the expected effects of the measures taken on the economic situation in the future, and their role in the rules of financial discipline, with the aim of determining the optimal aspects of spending to accelerate the process of economic recovery, as the required string data, obtained from WHO reports, were processed using the EVIEWS-10 ready application, The results clarified the objectives of the desired study.

The study aims, through its chapters, to demonstrate the effect of strategic foresight in avoiding strategic drift through the mediating role played by organizational support. The study was conducted in a sample of Iraqi private commercial banks. The problem of the study crystallized in a number of questions, including whether it is possible for the administrative leaders in the banks in question to employ strategic foresight to avoid strategic drift, A number of objectives have been formulated in the light of the study questions, including testing the correlation between strategic foresight and organizational support on strategic drift in the surveyed banks, For this purpose, a number of main and secondary hypotheses were formulated, each of the correlation, influence and contrast relationships among the study variables, To achieve these tests, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to a simple stratified random sample of the administrative leaders in the surveyed banks to collect the necessary data. The sample members whose answers were analyzed reached (155) people, and a number of statistical methods were used to process the data, including (frequencies, ratios, Pareto chart, relative importance, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, exploratory factor analysis, F, T tests), and the data were analyzed by a number of statistical programs, namely (SPSS.V.23, AMOS.V.2). One of the most important findings of the study is the existence of an inverse correlation between the strategic foresight in its dimensions and the strategic drift, that is, the greater the attention of the management of the surveyed banks to the strategic foresight, the lower the strategic drift.

The gross domestic product and the general budget, especially the public spending aspect, are among the most important macroeconomic indicators for any country.It is necessary to study the factors affecting these indicators, especially the exchange rates, due to the lack of clarity of the impact that fluctuations in exchange rates exert on the overall variables. Therefore, the Iraqi economy, GDP and public spending were chosen, and the standard approach was used to highlight the impact that fluctuations in exchange rates have on the output. Gross Domestic Product and Public Expenditure The study concluded that there is a strong inverse relationship between the change in exchange rates, GDP and public spending and vice versa.

The subject of economic reform is one of the most important topics of interest from researchers and writers of different intellectual credit, as the Iraqi economy suffers from a lot of backwardness in its economic sectors such as industry and agriculture because of the wars it has lived through and fluctuations in global oil prices, which led to a decline in economic activity in all economic sectors and the depletion of currency reserves. The difficult and high rates of unemployment, and that the goal of Iraq\'s resort to adopting economic reform programs is to address the external debt and structural imbalances and promote economic growth, The aim of the research is to describe the economic reform adopted by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and to know the strategy they adopt in achieving economic growth in developing countries that suffer from underdevelopment and not keep pace with the economically advanced capitalist countries. That reform on economic growth , The most important finding of the research is despite all the serious attempts that the Iraqi government worked on, but it did not succeed in achieving economic reform because of the abnormal and exceptional circumstances at the economic, social, political and security levels, and the most important thing recommended by the research is that financial and administrative corruption are among the most important obstacles The movement of economic growth and development must be fought through the adoption of effective programs and policies applied by efficient, fair and effective national leaders, because corruption is an enemy of growth and development and an obstacle to its realization.

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship and the impact between the research variables represented by business ethics as an independent variable with its dimensions (work team, responsibility, confidentiality, functional rules and procedures) and accountability as a dependent variable, and an intermediary variable is culture. The research community is represented by a group of Iraqi industrial companies. An intentional sample of the accountants of those companies reached (60) accountants, where the questionnaire was distributed to them as a tool for research and was analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS), and a set of results were reached, the most prominent of which are: There is a positive and moral relationship and effect.

The aim of the case study was to present a set of practices related to
preserving the environment within an analytical conception of the content of
previous research efforts related to environmental conservation practices.
The study started from a main assumption that (the level of environmental
preservation improves depending on the actual application of the practices
indicated in this study (sensing the risks of harming the environment,
deterrence when abuse, ethical dealing, religious heritage, sustainable
environmental development, benefiting from others, friendship with the
environment). ) by the organizations and within the framework of activating
their components (a proactive vision, legislation and laws, ethics, evidence
and evidence, a mixture of change with the taste of development, past
experiences, respect for the environment) at the level of business
organizations, The study also adopted a content analysis within the
framework of the researchers’ intellectual vision, and resulted in a number
of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a wide
difference between business organizations regarding the activation of
environmental conservation practices. Reflecting its vision, as well as its
friendship with the environment.