Journal of Imam Al-Kadhum College

The research dealt with the impediments that prevent the transfer of money
from the dead to the living according to the Islamic Sects (Imamiya, Hanafi,
Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali) and their jurists, and how each Sect inferred the
provisions of prevention from the ostensible meaning of the Holy Qur’an, and
what the honorable narrations stated for people’s comprehension. So, the
study intends to compare between the opinions of the jurists on the
inheritance impediments which they agreed upon only (difference in religion,
and murder) in two sections: the first includes the definition of the research
items in terms of language and terminology while the second one consists of
an introduction based on the fact that the impediment is not a cause, but rather
a description of who inherits, having two branches: the first one shows the
difference of religion, and includes the infidel and the apostate without
slavery, because the system of slavery at the present time does not exist. So, it
presents the views of each Sect regarding the inheritance of an infidel from a
Muslim, and a Muslim from an infidel after the death of the bequeather, and
those who believed that the infidels are one Sect or numerous Sects. Some
argued that the absence of description can be achieved before dividing the
inheritance, so the prohibition on this is negated. As for the second, it tackles
murder, and the different types of murder and its cases according to the jurists
that have the effect on the difference in their opinions in the inheritance of the
murderer in some types without the other. the conclusion includes the most
important results and recommendations

The rational evidence represents one of the most important
topics that have been dealt with by Al- Usul scientists since the
early centuries of the mission, but it was not clear and detailed for
the ancient scholars from Al-Imamiyya sect scientists, and it was
ambiguous and lack of statement. Therefore, this paper is a
serious attempt for clarifying the rational evidence and its types
beside showing the importance of the function that he perfoms in
Al- Usul Al-Fiqh science from editing its issues and stating its
vocabulary and then its impact on the process of deducing the
legal ruling, in which Usul Al-Fiqh science constitutes an
important rank since it is a science concerned with the study of
the rules that help the jurist in the process of deducing the legal
ruling and since the rational evidence is one of those main bases
in Al-Usul science investigations, We found it necessary to hold
this research for the purpose of demonstrating that importance by
presenting a set of important applications in clear ways

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yHnHystcciyrc yr m H eHvHe ye tisr Hcmirr ir m ic ayye sr m H HyHsemHy.
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ir im. iyri m H nHycyrseimiHc m sm s s icmiritic H yyeH ir irmHynyHmiri
iH ysrrr a y ic -sr cmt riri m H ctduHsm ye m H HctyyHsmiyr ic eesis se
syrci HyH yrH ye m H iyHsm cs yesyc sr cs yesyc ir m H maHrmiHm sHrmtyr.
,)ctyyHsmiyrZryairi m H H

The research studies the problem of dealing with Qur’anic readings based on the intellectual
principles adopted by the grammar in its theoretical and practical approach as a linguistic text
from the time of linguistic protest, as well as standing on the fact that the grammarians were
accused of having devoted a lot to the errors of the readers and the readings, something the
research refuses to do.
These papers witnessed a traceability of the methodology of grammarians against the
methodology of the readings scholars themselves in order to diagnose the criteria for accepting
and responding to the readings, and the extent of arbitrariness that was inflicted on the readings
as a result of the judgments of the scholars of heavy readings and harsh opinions in order to
explain the reasons for their mistake. In addition, what was raised on the grammarians were
drawn from the scholars of readings themselves

This paper investigates the nature of legal language from the
beginning of its formation as legislation regulating the life of individuals
and groups to the way of interpreting and analyzing the texts written in this
language. We will reveal that the legislative legal language represents a
collective speech act which the legal legislator contributes in forming and
whose manifestations multiply not only in the legal legislations, but also in
the voting process on laws and issuing judicial judgments.
It stands out as necessary to look into the legal language in its legislative
and judiciary aspects to identify its characteristic features and this, in the
researcher\\'s opinion, helps us in knowing the nature of legislative and
judiciary languages and their difference although they cooperate in forming
the legal language .
We will also shed light on the process of interpreting and analyzing the
legal text, that is, not on what the text apparently says but we need to
invoke the inferences made of that text although it represents the
unspeakable. Therefore, we will show that implicature is one of the topics
that have a major role in the process of interpreting and analyzing texts;
and accordingly, it is not enough to consider what the text says, but we
should go far as to consider what the text implies

The repetition in its simplest definition is to return a lexical
element or a rhyme to its synonym or pseudo-synonym, absolute
element, or generic name. It is a repetition of a word or a number of
words at the beginning of each sentence to confirm, and this repetition in
the apparent text makes a link between the parts of the text clearly. It is
a form of assignment to the former as it turned out through the
definition of (repetitive reference) of them refer to the first, and then the
link between them, and thus between the sentence or paragraph in
which the first party of the two ends of the repetition, the sentence or
paragraph contained in the second party of the two ends of repetition.
The poems are characterized by Ibn al-Roumi logical progression
through the unity of objectivity, which is based on the progressive
presentation, there is a scene begins by the poet and then goes to other
scenes that the poet displayed sequentially, and this makes the person
who hears the poetry expected at some point of the poem and what will
come then. This systematic progression continues to the conclusion of
the poem, the poet evaluates some of its repetitions on the basis of an
organized presentation, and this leads to the completion of the poem
text, regardless of the length of the poem or shortness, as that is the
implied moral relationship, and this means that there are linguistic
relationships Physical bond also.
For all of the above, I will mention examples of Ibn al-Roumi\'s
poetry written in accordance with this repetitive system that contributed
to the coherence of the text.

The international trade contracts, unlike the contracts of a
national nature, are of great importance, since they respond to
large commercial projects, and therefore it is possible that
disputes may arise between the parties to these contracts due to
the long period of signing and implementing these contracts, so it
has become necessary to deal with this issue by means of
resolving disputes that are specified in the original contract so
that the investor is in a position of confidence when contracting in
huge commercial projects located in other countries whose laws
differ from the laws of the investor himself in case of committing
any dispute

The constitutional judiciary is highly regarded in countries with
contemporary constitutional systems and there are several factors affecting the
work of the constitutional judiciary, the most important of which is the political
reality of political or partisan affiliation. Through this study, the researcher has
taken from the constitutional judiciary in the United States of America a model
on the impact of party affiliation on the effectiveness of constitutional justice in
America, where the constitutional judiciary in the United States of America is
represented by the Supreme Court of America.
In fact, the U.S. Supreme Court was greatly affected by the political
conflict between the two major parties in America, the Democratic Party and
the Republican Party. It has been noted through our research how party
affiliation played a role in the formation of the Supreme Court through the
mechanism of selecting the judiciary and controlling the composition of the
Supreme Court, where the President of America is keen to choose judges with
the same ideology as his ideas and the ideas of his party so that he can pass
decisions and laws that serve his interests and the interest of his party, not to
mention also interfere with the work of the court and determine its terms of
reference.

Recognition of the state is a political act because it expresses the interest of any
international person. If it is issued, then his estimation and the extent to which it
is appropriate shall return to him in order to achieve a political goal. If it is
issued, it expresses the will of the international person by formulating it in the
form of a law , It is a legal act in terms of its issuance and a political act in terms
of its purposes . Therefore, the research problem lies in identifying the legal
nature of international recognition in public international law. The aim of the
research is to identify the concept of international recognition and its legal
nature, as well as the forms and types of state recognition. The researcher used
the descriptive analytical method in order to fit the method with the nature of the
study title. The study concluded that recognition does not acquire the new state
an international character, as there is no difference between the state and the
international personality. The state is established and carries out its activities
from the beginning of its inception, and it does not prevent the exercise of its
rights by the mere lack of recognition by some states. It is not permissible to
recognize the state unless all its elements are fulfilled and the reasons for its
existence as a state are prepared, and the study came out with recommendations.

The research aims to identify the conceptual framework for protecting
the marine environment from pollution, as well as the international
organizations and their role in protecting the marine environment from
pollution. The first topic was entitled the conceptual framework for
protecting the marine environment from pollution. In the second topic, it
was studied under the title of international organizations and their role in
protecting the marine environment from pollution. The researcher
concluded that the international organizations (the United Nations
Organization) as a global organization with its various organs and
organizations play a large and important role in the field of international
cooperation to protect the marine environment on the ground and also
constitute a coordination center for international cooperation in the field of
marine environment protection and this expresses the sincere desire of the
international community to preparing and developing international
environmental law.

The aim of this research is to present a realistic study of political reform
in Iraq, as it is the focus of the attention of many academic researchers
these days. The study began with the origin of the concept of political
reform, which was and still is the goal of many Iraqi decision-makers and
political, economic and social reform movements, in addition to the fact
that political reform is an important topic in the literature of political
theories. Corruption in all its basic details are dealt with..
The study concludes that political reform is an ancient phenomenon.
It can take a variety of forms, and may take peaceful evolutionary or
violent revolutionary direction. However, political reform remains a
human need that cannot be avoided or ignored as the alternative is more
deterioration of socio - political life

The cities of irrigation and irrigation occupied geographical, economic and
political importance in their various historical stages, especially during the
era of the Mongol IlKhanids(651-756H\\1253-1355M) as these two cities
witnessed a great scientific prosperity in that era due to the interest of the
Mongol IlKhans in scientific life and encouraging scholars disciplines in
order to understand the importance of science and scholars.
In these two cities, several scholars have emerged whose specialties have
varied and differed, especially in the field of Quranic science, interpretation,
hadith, jurisprudence, language, history, wisdom, theology and Mysticism as
well as other sciences.

The Fatimid state since its arrival in Egypt has taken care of all aspects
of life, especially the social aspects, where the Fatimids took care of their
graves because they are considered the upper class in society and were
making arrangements and customs consistent with their social status,.
Their interest in their graves comes as a result of the legitimacy of visiting
graves where they are mentioned in the hadiths of the Prophet
Muhammad, including rewards such as visiting the tomb of the Prophet,
and visiting people\'s graves has positive effects. One of the most
important of these monuments was the visitor\'s memory of death and
death by seeing funerals and graves, and preaching them. The Fatimid
caliphs and their families were buried in coffins made of wood and
covered with cloth, as the Fatimid caliphs wore green in mourning for the
deceased, their emblem.

The city of Cordoba is one of the most important pillars of the Arab Islamic
civilization in Andalusia, and because the field of science is the bright face of
this civilization. This is why the desire and personal motives towards
research and study in this civilized field deepened. In order to reveal the most
important factors that contributed substantially to the scientific activity in the
city of Cordoba and which played an important role in advancing the wheel of
science and also working on the flourishing of the scientific movement in all
its manifestations. It receives children from the beginning of perception to the
age of majority, and the second is the second or secondary education that
receives those who are above the age of majority. Many scholars have
devoted themselves to preparing educational curricula and some books and
literature on teaching methods. The Great Mosque of Cordoba served as the
scientific and intellectual institution for receiving knowledge. As for the
scientific trips undertaken by Cordoba scholars to the East, they left a great
impact on the flourishing of the scientific movement, and the phenomenon of
interest in books and the establishment of libraries by the general public and
rulers was one of the factors of the intellectual renaissance in the city of
Cordoba. The scholars of Cordoba, with their great scientific activity, were
able to enrich the Arabic library with the colors of precious knowledge
production, which clearly demonstrates their scientific brilliance. There is no
doubt that political, social and economic stability play a role in people’s
diversion towards creativity in various fields of civilized activity.

The American Embassy in Baghdad, paid attention to the internal
political developments in Iraq, during the reign of the Ministry of Tawfiq
Al-Suwaidi (February 4, 1950-April 22, 1950), according to unpublished
official American documents available in hands , which were issued by
the American Embassy in Baghdad .The American Ambassador Edward
Crocker , in the light of the information available to him , and from various
sides followed political developments at that stage, and informed the U.S.
State Department about them daily in order to formulate on American
policy toward Iraq in the royal era to preserve the burning American
interests in Iraq, especially after Washington entered the cold war with the
Soviet Union at the time.

Sheikh Mahmoud Shaltout, one of the scientists of Islam in the
twentieth century, is influenced by the intellectual school of Sheikh
Mohammed Abdo, who gave him his knowledge and reformist ideas to be
one of the advocates of rapprochement between the Islamic sects and
emerged as a reformer of Al-Azhar mosque. He also founded the Islamic
Research Academy, derived its sources of jurisprudence from the Koran and
the Sunna, and did not adopt as most of the rest of his predecessors relying
on the jurisprudence of the dead scientists, as for his intellectual heritage, he
was keen on the mixture of thought with the current reality that was the
community Islam Life, so he represented as a prominent scientific face, and
his books dealt with some of the issues of the time, and he invited to
overcome the stalemate, which deprives the human mind advantage.

The Soviet military occupation in Afghanistan on December 27, 1979,
triggered far-reaching echoes all over the world, and wide-ranging
reactions at the regional and international levels, especially the Egyptian
Arab Republic, at a time when the world\'s intentions were turning to Cairo,
to follow up on political developments there, especially after the Camp
David Agreement in 1978. When news of the Soviet military occupation of
Afghanistan came, it was natural for it to be at the forefront of the news of
world radio and newspapers based on the importance of the role of the
press, especially the Egyptian newspaper “Al-Ahram” that accompanied
the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan from the beginning, and closely
followed the follow-up accurate of all developments in the scene of the
occupation of Afghanistan, its dimensions and the extent of its
repercussions at the international and regional levels, in press coverage,
which resulted in regional and international policies and positions that
greatly affected the developments of the Afghan scene. On the other hand,
it showed us the extent to which Al-Ahram newspaper’s pen relates to the
official Egyptian position on the issue. Occupation events are urging which
were divided into several topics.

South Vietnam witnessed in the eve of November 1963 a Coup D’état
which led to change of the ruling political party. The new government is
born and controlled over all affairs in the state. The Buddhistic issue, the
repressive policy which are followed by Ngo Dinh Dem (1901-1963) and
his preference of Catholic minority over other sects have a great negative
impact on interior affairs of South Vietnam. Undoubtedly, there were
motives and reasons that led to this military upheaval. Certainly, there are
important reasons behind it. These phenomena don’t come into existence
by itself. On the contrary, they are fueled by serious causes. Thus, these
reasons or causes need to be investigated, studied and analyzed. To
understand these things, it is important to know the political changing
climate and the role of USA in these changes.

Rafael Butti is considered one of the most important Iraqi and Arab
journalists in the twentieth century.
In addition to his journalistic role, he played a political and intellectual role
as well to serve the goals and interests of the country in the royal era. This is
in addition to his prolific writings and articles, he wrote about the events that
he experienced of which he was a witness.
The research problem lies in the need of the scientific institutions for a type
of studies that take into consideration the importance of finding studies for
men of thought, politics and the media, especially those who carried on their
shoulders the responsibility of advancing the reality of the Iraqi press when
there was no
press in Iraq in the true sense. And the contributions of Raphael Butti in the
field of journalism and multiple politics as It chronicled the press in Iraq,
which prompted us to write in this field with the aim of creating a lively and
effective historical link between the past, present and future episodes.
The study used the historical descriptive approach to reach the truth, as we
found ourselves obligated to obtain such descriptions if we wanted scientific
results through what this approach achieves for us in terms of stating
accurate facts about the existing conditions. The research is concluded with
the most prominent results: there were several reasons behind Butti’s
success and brilliance since he entered the field of journalism in 1956 until
1901, including the personal qualities Butti enjoyed in the stages of his life
and during those stages of public events and cultural, journalistic and
political activities.
Raphael Butti had a role in many of the political events that Iraq experienced
during the royal era, whether by expressing his opinion directly or through
his articles in newspapers, Bold and broad-minded.

The drug issue comes at an advanced rank of Islamic concern Arab record.
After the issue of backwardness and development, (which by all Arab and
Islamic countries alike), Vtaati drug and private addiction among young people is
a major obstacle to develop efforts, because of what Agrzh addiction and
deviations of social diseases , as well as caused by bad economic, health and
political implications are considered obstacles in the development process. No
longer a secret that the risk of addiction to alcohol and drugs and psychotropic
substances today threatens the security and safety of many countries of the world
and displays them to the loss of a large number of young people who end their
journey with addiction, the disease or displacement, madness or death, and has
agreed to the international community, including the Arab and Islamic societies
that the drug has become one of the biggest problems facing the countries as a
whole, and has become an obsession troublesome and sleepless threatens
contemporary generations of young people, and threatening future generations,
including the most serious damage.
And the world lived up to its stability to realize the fact that the malicious
malice that gave birth to a scourge of the society, which was stolen and Asttab
abhorrence and refused only accompanied by the devil, and lived the height of
enmity and hatred and darkness of the horizons of the world to realize after
fourteen centuries the greatness of the designation of Islam wine with the mother
of malice, in its malicious meaning. It was also a sign that other types and
methods that people will create have the same effect as alcohol and are more
powerful on the human mind. They are the result of alcohol, not narcotic, drugs
are more dangerous, and the term is not poisonous. And restlessness, and this bug
exists in drugs
Therefore, religious awareness, legislative and preventive education and
strengthening of faith in the same Muslim is the best way and the best way to
immunize him from falling into the trap of drugs and liquor, and draws religious
awareness in Islamic societies from the guidance of prophecy, and the values of
the Islamic religion
The mind is the great grace of God, the duty of man to keep it a legitimate
means and to work in the realization of the virtues of things, and think in the
kingdom of heaven and earth
Islam is the path of a stable and secure life, in which there is no harm, and
it is necessary to develop the religious faith and to urge the person to adhere to
and adhere fully to the teachings of the Islamic religion in terms of following his
orders and avoiding his intentions

This short search was one of the verses of the Holy Quran, which
differ in its rulings among the Islamic sects. It is the first part of the verse
of purity (Surat Al-Maa'idah 6), which shows how ablution is considered
one of the precepts of prayer. We have adopted in this humble research
some of the sources of the people of the public and the sources of the Shiite
scholars. The research consists of an introduction, an introduction, and six
questions. This verse is brief, but we have shown it in detail A hand which
is the difference among the Muslims, and we proved the Shiite evidence on
the buildings and methods of that verse