Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

We note from the above that the biography of the wise means the continuation of the habit of people to do something or leave it like the rule of the wise in good justice and ugliness of injustice, so this biography is one of the revealing evidence of the legal ruling, and this biography is organized by the general Muslims and other people of boredom and Al Nihal, and its authenticity is proven with the participation of the infallible (pbuh) For this biography, even by non-deterrence, the jurists used this biography to prove several legal issues, Like wise men, to perform a pilgrimage immediately, in the event that the person in charge recalls the conditions that are considered, and the wise men also ruled that being able is a condition to perform a pilgrimage, and consider safety and not fear of harm done to him, because fear is a rational path in the matter of harm, and the reasoning of the wise course is through referring to the people of experience In all of their affairs, everyone cannot know anything about it, he has to return to the most known person with it, and if not for that, their public order would be disrupted in their livelihood, and they would not be able to learn about them with all they need.

The research seeks to employ memory as a cognitive tributary that contributes to forming poetry rhythmically and depends on the poets ’exploitation of linguistic sounds whose perception needs a delicacy of taste and sensation and the phonemic fabric that expresses different situations in life that have an emotional resonance rooted in collective memory. His cognitive memory and benefited from his cultural heritage, in the formation of poetic models that suggest the nature of that heritage that the poet was brought up on and appeared clearly in his poetry. Memory in order to use it in his poetry, because it requires an appropriate period of time to facilitate the process of focusing attention, organizing emotional states and directing them in what it deems valid in terms of meanings and ideas suitable for the poetic and rhythmic context, and this memory contributed to the elevation of the rhythmic connotation characterized by its certainty in sound and content, so the presence of the memory stems from the cognitive sentiment It achieves intentional rhythmic communication, because it expresses psychological contents through which we can reach the poet's emotional feeling.

God Almighty is the greatest of speakers and the most perfect speech, and the holy books of heaven are the greatest witness to that, and that his Messenger (peace be upon him) is the first interpreter of the Noble Qur’an, and after him the imams of guidance from his family (peace be upon him) the justice of the Qur’an, the master of rhetoric, the Commander of the Faithful Ali (peace be upon him). When the speaker begins to talk about an idea, he begins with the recipient with the postulates, or begins with a simple level of the idea, then rises with it to a deeper content or moves it to a point of contention, to convince him and argue with him what he says We can know the rise in linguistic performance: ((The rise and advancement of the linguistic expression of the individual by using multiple discursive mechanisms that enable him to keep pace with the advancement in the idea to be expressed or communicated to the addressee through systematic means of the multiple semantic sayings from one level to a higher level within the text of the text in a way that reveals to us about Semantic, impactful and aesthetic harmonious levels achieved for the purpose of creating the text)), and it included the study of the discourse at the structural level, (the pattern of parallel straight lines in the linguistic escalation), we proceeded to extract ideas within the text, with its representation with a scheme, and then study the structural structure of a group of grammatical methods , including: (recruitment of sentences, method of reasoning, method of deletion, method of conjunction, use of prepositions, use of relative nouns, symmetry).

Contemporary literary critical approaches find consideration from critic’s _old and modernists. The views and methodologies are the focus of this study. It aims at explaining the features and the methodologies of these approaches. Moreover, the study focuses on how they deal with literary texts and how they consider the organization of a literary work in the analysis. The researcher focuses on the semiotic, deconstructionist, and cultural approaches. These approaches call for a new thought that is capable of establishing a new start. Furthermore, they have tendency to refrain from the effect of emotional desires in dealing with a literary text. Contemporary literary approaches ignore social, historical and psychological methodologies and consider only the contents of the text in isolation from extrinsic elements of that text. This is considered as attempts at changing the universal thoughts in terms of similarities and differences. The researcher employs the descriptive analytical methods to achieve the aims of this study. He concludes that these contemporary approaches are not enclosed in their influences. They extend to different modes of thoughts. More importantly, these critical methodologies consider the organization of a literary work rather than its context and they do not put importance in the multiplicity of that organization. The contemporary approaches face challenges because of their views and strategies.

The research on the theoretical foundations for Arabic Rhetorical Theory of Eloquence is hardly easy. What has been written is unambiguous as it seems; however, terminological as well as theoretical confusion remains embedded in the theoretical foundations of their architecture. The founders of Arabic Rhetorical Theory of Eloquence had such encyclopaedic experts who produced seminal reference books that constituted the pillars for the linguistic theory of Arabic. However, the terminological and conceptual repertoire for such theory was clear for their time and domain expertise but remain hard-fetching and equivocal for the contemporary researchers and students for their insufficient knowledge to derive he theoretical background to foreground such terminological and conceptual repertoire.
I have come to a conclusion that the concept of “intention” has been primed by Abdul Qahir Al-Jurjani (471H- 474 H) in his Rhetorical theory via network of theses on the rhetoric of eloquence. I believe that such theses assumed more than what is currently conceptualised on the relationship between meaning and intention. Specifically, the classical scholars included so much of theoretical constructs and arguments that presuppose prior theoretical knowledge, necessary for the interpreter to be capable of properly decoding and interpreting them to meet a scientific understanding of them.

In this study I was exposed to the concept of paradox in the threshold of the title of the Iraqi novel published the research has an introduction entitled (the paradox in the arab critical effort) then two topics were followed by : the first topic the constructivist paradox through which it was exposed to the paradox of intertextuality symbol and metaphor the chromatic paradox the ironic paradox the temporal paradox and the research ended with a conclusion followed by a list of the research sources and references .

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the our prophet mercy to the worlds, and after. The presumption of the tool is one of the important topics for Arabic scholars (old and modern), and this science is as and this science It is notable old in studies, but modern in discussion but it aims to root the study in understanding and tasting the meanings of the verses of the similar verbally, and to indicate the extent of the interest of the scholars of the similar in terms of grammatical and rhetorical terms, and as one of the word divisions that determines the semantic meaning of the similar verses, therefore my research for (the presumption of the tool and its impact on The meanings of the verses of similar verbalization) is a continuation of the efforts of those who preceded me in this field, and my desire to gain more knowledge from the Noble Qur’an; So I started the research by defining the context in language and terminology, then dividing the research into two parts: vocabulary and sentences The first section: includes the tools of preposition, , kindness and nawasib.This section includes some Qur’anic examples to clarify the meaning and differentiate between the letters in the verses of similar phonetics. Then the second section and the tools of the oath, condition, and affirmation that were contained. In conclusion, the research clarified that the presumption of the tool has a strong connection with the context, and it differs according to the case in directing the presumption towards a specific meaning

This research sheds light on the role of the German Social Democratic Party in German politics during the period between (1918-1919), which was one of the factors that led to the change of the political situation in the country and the fall of the imperial regime and the declaration of republican rule, following the establishment of the Weimar Republic. The research was divided into an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion: the first chapter dealt with the role of the Social Democratic Party in German politics during the period between (1875-1917), while the second chapter dealt with the study of the participation of the Social Democratic Party in the German revolution after its outbreak in 1918, while it devoted The third chapter deals with the role of the Social Democratic Party in German politics (1918-1919).

This paper titled The Wahabi Radicalization and the Arab Critique of its Method and Style in the Twentieth Century highlights the critique of religious men to the Wahabi movement and their misleading ideas. Such critiques depend on evidences from the Quran and Hadiths of the Prophet. These critiques were not issued from only one sect or school, but from different Islamic schools. Many religious men presented arose to nullify the ideas of this misleading school that sought to destroy the unity of the Muslims and to divide them by injecting theological temptations among people. Thus, they defended Islam and tended to keep people away from the delusion of the Wahabis.

Most Moroccan women arrived in Europe as part of a family reunion at the beginning of the seventies of the last century. Their number was limited, and they were unable to enter the job market for social reasons, and their role was limited to raising children. However, with the mid-eighties of the last century, the abandonment of women within the framework of family gathering, and individually within the framework of work contracts, increased rapidly, for economic and social factors, to the point when the percentage of females was equivalent to that of males in all European countries. After several years of emigration, immigrant women were able to enter several economic, political, cultural and social fields, thanks to the improvement of their academic level and their integration in the countries in which they reside, which enabled them to occupy important and honorable positions.

The study aims to reveal the extent of the impact of religious tourism on the urban development of the holy cities of Najaf and Karbala, as the holy cities of Najaf and Karbala are among the most important religious and historical cities in Iraq. The region, including commercial and service activities, and there is a clear overlap between the religious function and the commercial function in the commercial center of the city, and the two ancient cities of Najaf and Karbala are the commercial heart of the city because of their active economic and commercial role.

The spread of the phenomenon of double function in Iraq, which is embodied in the employee working in double function in an original capacity, or working in a function in an original capacity, and any other work at the same time, leads to the spread of the phenomenon of administrative and financial corruption, waste of public money, despite There are many penalties imposed on the perpetrators of this disciplinary Infraction. The researcher seeks to answer the following central question: What is the problem of double function in Iraq, what are its functional and financial implications, and what are the penalties for its perpetrators? The researcher assumes that this phenomenon is considered an administrative violation that imposes a disciplinary punishment on it.
This research was divided into two sections, the first section dealt with the concept of double function and its functional and financial implications, while the second section dealt with the penalties for double function Infraction.
Among the most important results, are: that double function is prohibited in Iraqi law, because it puts pressure on the state budget without legal justification, a waste of public money, and an increase in cases of administrative and financial corruption. Combining double function is an administrative Infraction, and a disciplinary penalty is imposed on them. Among the most important proposals are: The necessity of updating the employees' pledges for financial disclosure annually. And the importance of completing the national function number project, to prevent double function Infraction and also to preservation of public funds.

The current research aimed to know the level of critical thinking among students of the Department of biology at the Universities of Al-Qadisiya and Kufa and to know the significance of the differences for the two variables (gender and stage). Education for Girls and Education at the Universities of Kufa and Qadisiya, respectively for the academic year 2017-2018, and the research sample consisted of 200 male and female students, 90 males and 110 females The critical thinking test was built based on (Watson-Glaser) skills, and the test validity, discriminatory power, difficulty and stability coefficients were extracted for items it reached 0.86. After applying the test, the researcher reached the following results:
1- There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the Department biology on the critical thinking test and between the default average of the test, which was set at (70%), meaning that the level of critical thinking among the students of the Department of biology is below the acceptable level.
2- There is a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the Department of biology on the critical thinking test due to the gender variable and in favor of the female students.
3- There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the Department of biology on the critical thinking test due to the stage variable (third and fourth).
The results were interpreted, and in light of this, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the metacognitive learning cycle strategy in the metacognitive thinking skills of fourth grade students, by verifying the following hypothesis:
There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the strategy of the metacognitive learning cycle and the average scores of the students of the control group who studied in the usual way in the skills of metacognitive thinking. The research was limited to students of the fourth scientific class in schools. The preparatory and secondary day schools of the Directorate of Education of Qadisiyah Center for the academic year (2020-2021) and with the study subject the first three chapters of the chemistry book for the fourth scientific grade. The sample members (69) students, and by (34) students for the control group, which studied in the usual way, and (35) students for the experimental group, which studied with the strategy of the metacognitive learning cycle. The two research groups (experimental and control) were equalized in a number of variables, and these variables are (Chronological age in months, intelligence, previous information). For the purpose of verifying the goal of the research, the researcher prepared (16) plans for each group, as well as a measure of metacognitive thinking skills, which in its final form consists of (45) paragraphs equally distributed among the main skills (self-organization skills, skills necessary to perform scientific tasks, procedural control skills). And its apparent validity and construction validity, and the discriminatory powers of its paragraphs, were verified and its stability was calculated by two methods, namely, the internal consistency method (Alpha-Cronbach's coefficient) and the retest method. The results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group that studied with the strategy of the metacognitive learning cycle over the students of the control group that studied in the usual way in the skills of metacognitive thinking with an effect size of (0.55) and it is considered a significant effect, and thus rejected the null hypothesis, and in light of that the researcher recommended using the strategy of the learning cycle above-cognitive in teaching chemistry, and he suggested conducting other studies for other stages, and for different research subjects.

This research is summarized in determining the role of composers in developing the Kurdish song, as well as the role of the artist (Shamal Saeb), and his rich achievements in composing, singing and writing the text, being one of the The important personalities who contributed to enriching the Kurdish heritage and culture are great constants, which are considered to this day an extrapolation of time and environmental stations, and a rich and stable historical phenomenon over generations.
Composing in Iraqi Kurdistan, so the researcher decided to establish new frameworks in writing this study that documents an important and basic reality that includes a lot of information, and put it within this study under the methodological and scientific platform, which can be a basis for another reality or complementary studies
By academic researchers, and on this basis, the research included in the first chapter, the methodological framework, represented by the problem, importance and objective of the research, which is determined by the need to address this study from an academic side and specify the title. Then, in the second chapter, the researcher dealt with the theoretical framework, which included
Topics related to the purpose of the study: (the concept of the song, the most prominent Kurdish composers, the biography and production of North Saeb). The third chapter included the research methodology. As for the fourth chapter, it included analysis, results, and then conclusions, then the researcher developed a number of recommendations and suggestions, and finally a list of sources