Journal of The Iraqi University

الملخص
1.عرفنا من خلال البحث تعدد معاني ودلالات لفظ المقام في القرآن الكريم.
2. بيان القران الكريم مقام الأنبياء -عليهم السلام- وعلو منزلتهم عند الله تعالى.
3.عرفنا إن لفظ المقام في القرآن الكريم يجيء أحياناً بمعنى قيام الليل أو العبادة كمثل ما أمر الله سبحانه وتعالى نبيه محمد  بقيام الليل للصلاة والتهجد.
4.عرفنا من خلال البحث أن المقام معناه موضوع القيام والعبادة كمثل: قوله تعالى: ﭽ ﮤ ﮥﮦ ﭼ والمراد به موضع عبادته وقيامه وأن التوجه إليه فضيلة على غيره في الصلاة لشرفه بقيام نبي الله إبراهيم  فيه.
5.عرفنا من خلال تحليلنا لآيات المقام أن المقام يجيء أحياناً في القرآن الكريم بمعنى: (المجلس) كمثل قوله تعالى على لسان عفريت الجن ﭽ ﭿ ﮀ ﮁ ﮂ ﮃ ﮄ ﮅ ﮆﮇ ﮈ ﮉ ﮊ ﮋ ﭼ.
6. في القرآن الكريم آيات فيها (مقام ربه) والمراد بمقام الرب سبحانه وتعالى هو القيام بين يدي الله عز وجل يوم القيامة.
7. بين لنا القرآن الكريم أن للملائكة مقاماً والمراد به المكان.

Search Summary
God of creation has created, and is prescribed for them provisions mercy of them, Vdelhm on the good to work with, and alerted them to the evil of Ajtenboh, and it was over the terms and costs of the divine facilitation slaves, on the other hand, it has been pointed to the hardship in the Qur'an in a number of positions, is it exit from the original goal of making it easier? Or that there is a rationale to mention outside of this range, and what are the obligations mentioned? This research entitled (hardship verses in the Koran objective study) seeks to examine these verses, the statement said triggers hardship, and related provisions and the significance mentioned.
This research was divided after this brief introduction on four topics:
First topic: the language of the definition of hardship and idiomatically, and the number of times said hardship in the Koran.
The second topic: Price in Altklevah provisions.
The third topic: Price in public life.
The fourth topic: the conditions of the unbelievers.
Then sealed Find a conclusion which showed the most important results.

Research Summary
The research aims to prove that the approach of the Arab rhetorical methods which truth and metaphor have an impact in terms of proving its existence and its effect on the legal provisions in terms of passport and privacy and the obligatory and Undesirableness the first source of Islam legislative provisions which the Holy Qur'an . And thus showed my plan for this search , which consists of two sections and several demands , was the first section : the concept of truth The metaphor presence and naught in the Koran ; and consists of two demands : First requirement : the definition of truth and metaphor language and idiomatically and the statement of scientific their condition ; and the second requirement : the metaphor presence and naught in the Koran ; and the second topic : the impact of truth and metaphor in the development of legal provisions ; and consists of two demands : first requirement : the impact of truth and metaphor to veto ablution of touch in verse ablution
The second requirement : the impact of truth and metaphor in the marriage , and the marriage of the father 's illegal _ adultery _ the prohibition of intermarriage to the children and parents in verse taboo of women , then the finale and the most important findings , then the sources and references
The systematic search in attributing Quranic verses to her wall , and the number of the verse number , and the graduation of the hadith , effects, and the statement of validity and weaknesses, and attributed words to Qailleha , and returned to their sources , and discussed scientifically , the statement correct them according to what I found out from the strength of the evidence and Dladtha on , utmost diligence has made what was right , it is God Almighty , and it was a mistake or otherwise Fmna and Satan , and God of the intent behind , and what compromise but God , praise be to Allah.

Search Summary
Representing of achieving the ancient Arab and Islamic manuscripts accurate and difficult task, which is quite important for the sake of Arab and Islamic heritage service. and the best are doing to service this heritage is covered by academic researchers in the scientific studies sober and accurate, so do not leave an aspect of the manuscript has repeatedly beat research, study and scrutiny, there is hardly any student after them found in their studies that take him from criticizing or diminution; because being scientific academic studies supported.
Among these studies, which represents an aspect of the Arab and Islamic heritage service of the study, which dealt with the achievement of the manuscript had never been studied before, this book is (moen almufti on jwab almostafty), a book written by the mark-Faqih Mohammed altamartashy al-Hanafi deceased within the year (1004 AH), which is one of the most accredited references in Islamic jurisprudence on the doctrine of Imam Abu Hanifa Almighty God's mercy, has touched on a partial task of the philosopher of this book are issues (alarya) and related provisions.
Alarya intended to grant the benefit of something to someone who needs the same thing with the survival of the property of the original owner. It is what makes up the Borrowing. The researchers adopted in their study on the linear two copies of the manuscript book, and also adopted a good number of references and sources in the field of research, having been rendering his scientific study and adequate for the book and its author altamartashy brand and approach to the investigation.

Abstract
This research deals with the introduction of the book which titled (The Qur’an in Context- Historical and Literary Investigations into the Qur’anic Milieu ),It includes Researches of Group researchers and lecturers at German universities.
I Followed in this study, the analytical study,I got to translate addresses published research and then choose the specific models of text and I responded to what was stated in some of the implications of the fallacies and semi-and embarrassments which are many, as I tried to show some of the points that the focus of the Orientalists in their writings and the reasons for this focus and their goals behind it.
The methodology of the study required to be on the boot and then the demands of the conclusion and recommendations.
The headings as follows: (researches of book, and the title of the book, and provided, and light on Quranic studies, and details in the text of the Quran, and diligence, and review historical formality, and the Koran and politics, and a signal of doom, and Conclusions and Recommendations).

ABSTRACT
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds. And peace and blessing by upon the prophet Muhammad, the Seal of all the prophets and the Messengers of Allah, and upon his family and upon his companions, and upon all those who followed their guidance up to the Day of Judgment.
Affliction is one of the most important subjects, where awareness of such subject is a light and ignorance of it is an evil. Many of the Quran ayahs mention afflictions and ways to be safe from them, and many of Prophet's sayings refer to them. This life is created for affliction, as a field for trial, thus there it is necessary to study this subject as man is afflicted with good and evil.
Islam is for the good of the humanity and warns against evil, prescribing remedies for all the illnesses of the man, including afflictions. prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) asks Allah to fasten his heart as afflictions is a disease of hearts and where men are known for their patience and endurance. Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) expatiates in describing afflictions and their risks to warn the Ummah against them. Each of the afflictions is not a threat or evil as some of the afflictions result in the good. Prophets were the most afflicted among men and others are afflicted each with his/her faith and pass through different conditions and states. The good is the one whom Allah has preserved his/her heart and religion where affliction could make man a believer at the morning and unbeliever at the evening and vice versa.
Chapter two deals with the small afflictions, including Muslims wars against each other, where all the prophets sayings emphasize the prohibition of the Muslim killing. The chapter also mentions women affliction, where they are currently away from the Islam in their dressings and behavior and where enemies of Islam encourage women to be away from Islam. The chapter also deals with money affliction, as a money could be used either for good or evil.
Chapter three deals with the great afflictions, the most greatest is The Lying Christ affliction which prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said would appear before the Day of Resurrection and accurately describe him, his signs, place of his appearance, and ways to avoid him. Also the chapter mentions the affliction of Gog and Magog and
Zul–qarnian (the king of two horns) dam.
Chapter four mentions methods of being safe from afflictions and this include restriction to Quran, Sunna and the scholars opinions in addition to being isolated when afflictions are widely spread.
The study concludes that Allah is afflicting His creation as a test and not each of the afflictions is a sign of evil. Significance of affliction is determined by its danger. Muslims expiation is the main reason for their wars against each other and Lying Christ affliction is the greatest where faith will be tested.

Abstract
The Islamic nation today going through a great period of its history they are living a civilized conflict phase as a result of the tremendous inventions stunning developments in knowledge tools in all areas of life, making Nations dominate the Islamic communities, including possessed of change tools and influence and all the means of intellectual, economic or political, seeking in it to encoding civilization and a statement on the virtues of all mankind, and forcing people and civilizations to anti soluble in civilization.
Appeared in our Islamic voices calls and Western civilizations affected in these sounds negative impact on generations of the Islamic nation successive even prevail in a new era in which dominates newcomer subsides and the heritage of the Islamic nation or executed, died values and principles - which qualifies the Islamic civilization of permanence and Saddartha- when some Muslims and are still dying When others while we find a strong empowered to conduct many Muslims.
Was the duty of the scientific universities and institutes legitimacy and community organizations that are doing their job and doing their role in Islamic societies at this time more than ever, especially in the light of contemporary challenges in order to make their way to save young people's identity, and community support and safety security, and prevent generation of aberration and deviation, and the establishment of educational values of good, to achieve the purposes of the law of God Almighty Aatviadeh or worship services or behavioral achieving that promote the nation came a prominent role in the fields of human urbanization of the new discoveries and industries and Imran and others.
Due to this importance liked to write this research entitled: purposes of the law and its impact on the reform.
The research was divided according to scientific methodology required by the nature of the research.
Trek and fun with my research and findings after the results of perhaps the most important:
1. The purposes of the rule of Sharia in the legitimate Iraqi colleges need to take care and careful attention of its own importance in the education of Muslim individual.
2. The material should be added the purposes of Sharia in the sections of legitimacy because of their importance in the repair and maintain the generation of aberration and deviation.
3. The teaching of the purposes of the law, had largely receded in legitimate colleges and this is evident from the above table.
4. The teaching of the purposes of the law by non-professionals reduces the benefit of the students of this science and Isahdhm and straining the teacher is competent if he sincerely Vadau to open the section called the purposes of the law to fill the vacuum in the Iraqi arena Department.
5. For the purposes of activating the law in the society chose a good and clear positives and perhaps the most important emphasis on curriculum Sharia in moderation and inclusiveness.
6. The teacher must take into account modern methods and others while teaching students to bring it up to the correct understanding.
God bless our Prophet Muhammad and his family and him.

Search Summary
Praise be to Allah, peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions.
And either:
The renewal is a return to Islam to moderation and spiritual Highness approach in response to the call of God ; The return of Islam to the last his term does not mean the deadlock , but the means of departure and capacity ; it was Islam broadest be more conducive in the era of prophet and his companions then added every age to religion some " hedges " and tightening until it became religion is a set of " hedges " far from the essence of religion which is easing I have chosen this research is marked (legitimacy renewal in jurisprudence), hoping that the more satisfactory to the right and I dedicate it to Rashad. I will present in this presentation to look to us a brief statement in which ideas and perhaps find acceptance and satisfaction from you. This research may be of an introduction and five demands
First requirement: the meaning of renewal
The second requirement: the legality of the renewal of Fiqh
Third requirement: controls renewal idiosyncratic
Fourth requirement: the renewal of the teaching of Islamic jurisprudence.
Muttalib V: Photos idiosyncratic renewal right
She concluded Find a conclusion and a list of sources and references
And Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, prayer and peace be upon the last Prophet Muhammad and his companions and companions..

Summary
The range of those who claim to mysticism have taken dancing and playing habit and believed. Religious and confused worship of playing, and slandered a lie against Allah; because the optional act intentional, if not related to it is true that did not stop him religious interest nor mundane purpose is revolving between the absurd and play and have fun, and that's what Badr them on the grounds that it did not differentiate between religion tinker, play and fun in the written language, and the reverse in the Koran, the absurd but is said to no benefit at all.
The play has meant to a psychological benefit of useless and have fun like him, but that the increase for the same luck so engaged by what interested the things Shara or worldly things that help the human in his living and everyone is forbidden, unless exempted the street for a property which distinguishes it from its kind; because these things are not mentioned in the Koran, but for libel, has excluded the one place of fun and play a peek at the kids as stated in the story of Joseph peace be upon him, and in an interview with the Prophet prayed God be upon him when he urged a peek wife and swimming lessons, archery and horse riding, and Collect jurists on the sanctity of play, Matvolh this range of dance and hit the bar and Matzmah hearing and existence, and, indeed, scientists from Kafr Msthalh, for violating the fundamentals of religion, but I am poor slave of God after completed this work concluded, he can not be cleansed of doing these things, but it is contrary to religion, but I go judging by the owners, such Mazhb General to scientists it is inviolable, and God knows the judge.

Conclusion
Representing of achieving the ancient Arab and Islamic manuscripts accurate and difficult task, which is quite important for the sake of Arab and Islamic heritage service. and the best are doing to service this heritage is covered by academic researchers in the scientific studies sober and accurate, so do not leave an aspect of the manuscript has repeatedly beat research, study and scrutiny, there is hardly any student after them found in their studies that take him from criticizing or diminution; because being scientific academic studies supported.
Among these studies, which represents an aspect of the Arab and Islamic heritage service of the study, which dealt with the achievement of the manuscript had never been studied before, this book is (moen almufti on jwab almostafty), a book written by the mark-Faqih Mohammed altamartashy al-Hanafi deceased within the year (1004 AH), which is one of the most accredited references in Islamic jurisprudence on the doctrine of Imam Abu Hanifa Almighty God's mercy, has touched on a partial task of the philosopher of this book are issues (alarya) and related provisions.
Alarya intended to grant the benefit of something to someone who needs the same thing with the survival of the property of the original owner. It is what makes up the Borrowing. The researchers adopted in their study on the linear two copies of the manuscript book, and also adopted a good number of references and sources in the field of research, having been rendering his scientific study and adequate for the book and its author altamartashy brand and approach to the investigation.

Abstruct
It is Common among Learners That semantic Features and aesthetic effeets in Texts are related to rhetoric and its three branehs: rhetorical meaning, Sense,While the morphological cases and grammatical styles are confined to the autventicity of meaning and strueture.
The researeh will show that morphological cases and grammatical Styles have clear effeet in the meaning of text and to make these expressions gain aesthetic effeets, and semantic and rhetorical features Which are manifested in the Qur'anic expression of Surat(Qaf) and it will show that mastering the morphological and grammatical matters Can reach out the accuracy of meaning and the Variety of styles. Besides, it enables the book of the meticulovs use and diversified, letters and sentences and prodacing the rheforical touches and aesthetic factors in the text

Abstract
Praise be to God, prayer and peace be upon our Mamedually God and his family and him
Islamic law has come all Maasaleh our conditions did not leave a small or great, and only came by virtue of guiding, the law of Islam came for the happiness of the community, and children within the community.
The Child in Islam journey begins by his presence, starting from when the search for a good wife, and if the child was found was his rights and duties Maydmn his goodness, and has been characterized by children's rights in Islam, the rights of international law and the Iraqi constitution many advantages, which we must know and learning and their integration into the educational and training programs so that we do in our lives activation mentally and legitimate and even defend our religion amid the global distortion and local to this religion and its tolerant shariah glue and moderation fair unique in a world where absent moderation and standards of absolute justice.

Abstruct
Search section on the two sections was talking about her :
The life of an Islamic thinker, he grew up in a decent scientific family.
Scientific and intellectual journey through his life to seek knowledge and his journey to Hajj Scientific and intellectual production through his lessons , which was given by his disciples who Ttelmzu it Associations set up by the newspapers and printing presses , especially
the Association of Muslim Scholars Intellectual and practical and educational role played by the people to awaken from Gfelth Themes highlighted by his call and his speeches and sermons
The sources , which has devoted his time and effort in a statement its importance and role in the revival of the people

Abbasid Caliph Al-Mustansir Bi-Allah (1242-1226 AD 640-623 AH) and the most important architectural achievements in his age

Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir Bi-Allah Abu Jaafar Mansour bin Al-dhahir. He has pledge allegiance succession after the death of his father Al-dhahir Bi-Amr Allah, he disseminate of justice between the parish and equitable in the issues, and near by the people of science and religion, and built mosques and schools. He had built Mustansiriya school in Baghdadfor four doctrines and this school is considered as new important development in the history of the schools in the Islamic era where previously schools were built to teach one doctrine unlike the Mustansiriya school. It contain modern house, bathroom and hospital. He gathered armies to the victory of Islam, and people loved him. He was a courageous man, hedefeated Tatar soldiers at the time were people afraid of them, and he had a courage brother also was called Khafaji, he used to say: If I shall become a leader I shall across Gijon River with soldiers, and took the country from the hands of the Tatars and uprooted them. However, he did not take it, but Musta'sim tookit over after his father al-Mustansir.
al-Mustansir was handsom and with good reputation , as well as achartiable man, Righteousness and relations. He was good with parish , built archways and fields and barrages on the roads, also built guesthouse for the poor people all locality of Baghdad, especially in Ramadan month. He limited invaluable books inMustansiriya school.
Al - Mustansir Bi – Allahis the thirty-sixth caliph in the cycle of the Abbasid Caliphate. His architectural and cultural achievement are many and immortal ,I will try to collect them and chronologically arrange them according to historical texts about the life of this Caliph.
Al-Mustansir Bi –Allahdied on the tenth of Jumada II of the year 640 AH. He was fifty-three years old.

Summary
Structured this research on the biography of the life of Imam, God knows Jalil Ahmed bin Abi Apostle Damascus has addressed this search his name and lineage and surname and place of the date of his birth and death, according to the most prominent elders who wire them through science and learning, as well as the most prominent said his disciples who learned from him and transferred his knowledge to others, and then you mention the most prominent owners who walked with them, according to some of the qualities and the opinion of the scientists, and then was given a glimpse of the times in which he lived politically and socially, scientifically and that influenced the formation of his personality and then Mroyate reported in the year and some of his words and his meeting to employers Elahwal this and I ask God to reconcile what you've done.

Abstruct
Summary of research (conquests of Alrashidi age - bearings and benefits) This paper deals with the conquests of the Rashida caliphate briefly, based on documented historical sources, in order to shed light on the facts away from machination and distortion that annexed to our glorious history by malevolent throughout time. The research includes the introduction and five sections included conquests of each caliph and his announcement of Islamic religion, followed by the most important bearings, benefits and lessons learned and the lessons that we stand for which the splendor of these conquests and their active role in the expansion of the circle of Islam throughout the world at that time. The end of the research has included the most important results, sources and references, which I depended on.

Abstract
Praise be to Allah, peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad It is no secret that one of the crimes of adultery rampant in many of the communities in which to Atgmha Islamic laws, which Erdaha Act makes it a criminal offense punishable by the perpetrator of this act,Because this crime, an important reason for the dissolution of the communities, but in her Muslim community penalty as a deterrent vary according to the actor, the actor was immune punished with stoning to death, but if it was not immune to the skin is punishedwith a hundred lashes, implement this punishment the judge or his deputy,If available the terms and conditions of staff Balvaal and effect, such as puberty and mind, Islam and selection, including that this crime has consequences and effects on the community has dealt with clan compared to the convention;Because tribal society with which the laws and customs make this shameful act of crime held accountable by the clan as a matter of honor and dignity before doing Muharram be legitimately him the legitimacy of the death,Kills adulterer whether he was married or not married, and whether chosen or forced, performs this Alqhobh a member Muzani her family or anyone who lends a result of this act as if the cousin or son uncle or anyone from the relatives of the harlot or her tribe in order to Aelhgahm shame this the crime.

Abstract
The book of Sunan Abu Daud Sijistani, resolved when modern scholars, scientists and impact, attention to wonder, has hit the livers of the camel, and Damh the journey.
Said Abu Suleiman rhetorical: I heard the son of a Bedouin say: (If a man did not have the science, but the workbook that the book of God, then this book is not to argue with them everything from bits of science) ().
He said Abu Bakr sorts: (Abu Dawood Sulaiman bin Shaggy Sijistani Imam submitted in his time, a man not preceded to know the graduation of Science, and his eyesight Bmoadah, one in his time, a man of devout presenter, Ahmad ibn Hanbal heard from him recently by one, and it was Abu Daoud reminds him was Abraham Asbahani and Abu Bakr bin charity and others raising ability) ().
In order importance extracted conversations that weakness by Abu Dawood, in a book of purity, of his book Sunan, due to transmission, to study critical study, and I have an inventory of conversations that weakness of Imam Abu Dawood due to transmission, has reached five conversations, he cited talk, and then study support talk, and then discharged, the statement of the views of scientists to talk, and then talk to the referee.

Abstract
The study conducted on a sample of supervisors and directors of departments literacy in a number of provinces of statement ( The role of literacy councils in the implementation of the project from the perspective of the supervisors and department managers in the provinces ) , and get an objective analysis of the search , it used the questionnaire and resolution Amolqhaly study sample , and totaling (468) supervisors and (17) directors , and this study showed the existence of short comings in the performance of councils yolk .

Abstract
The origin of morphological commitment that every site on the commercial paper is committed to the fulfillment of their value when the original debtor refrained from that, according to the principle of independence of the signatures, and if the debtor morphological failure to have a holder on the back of the drawer and the rest of the signatories after his protest non-fulfillment.
However, this route can be shortened by increasing the guarantees, which obliges the debtor to fulfill the morphological, through militancy on the debtor to fulfill the value of commercial paper.
These guarantees are approved by the legislature under the provisions of the Exchange Act and in our study of commercial paper, the transfer of these guarantees are (compared to ensure the fulfillment of the public and ensure the acceptance and security). So this research came a serious attempt by the researcher to identify these guarantees, identify and release conditions and their effects.
Although treatment of the subject has under the provisions of the Exchange Act referred to in the Iraqi Trade Law in No. 30 of 1984 and the comparative laws.

Abstract
The importance of searching through the idea of the comparison between the departments specialized in studying the media in a particular college (College of Arts / Islamic University) with match those sections in other faculties, the aim of that comparison is the sophistication of those sections and discuss ways to turn them into colleges in the future in accordance with the vision for the future include all about the advancement of those sections to reach the desired goal, namely, (changing needs of the new curriculum and the preparation of teaching staff is capable of new sections management and prepare all supplies by which the advancement of those sections in order to turn out in the future to colleges in itself.

Abstrac
The news are considered the cornerstone of the art of journalism. The emergence of the Internet has made the globe a small village, as the electronic websites have found their way into all parts of modern life.
Electronic websites have a positive impact on media establishments and the methods of giving the information concerning the vast development of the different world’s countries.
The researcher has been able to perform a research full of details covering the electronic websites of the Iraqi newspaper “AL-Sabah” for a period of time from 1/2/2015 up to 29/2/2015, the said period was an important since it witnessed a radical political events on Iraqi scene.
The theme of research is the editing of news press on electronic websites of Iraqi newspapers, the research has been divided into three chapters.
The first chapter deals with methodical framework that included the problem, goals, importance and the field of research.
The second chapter studies the theoretical aspects of press editing from the very beginning as well as the elements of electronic news, moreover the merits of electronic journalism and electronic news.
The third chapter is analytical study of “What is said about news editing and how it is said” in order to reach the conclusions and recommendations which contribute in elevating and developing the electronic websites especially that of AL-Sabah newspaper and how it works according to the bases and criterions of the world well known electronic websites principles.