Journal of Education for Humanities

Islam has a solid educational approach that would contribute to building, correcting and directing the positive Islamic personality, so that it can be guided, balanced, and follow its positive model behavior in life, away from the slippers of modern innovations that intrude upon us from all sides. So that the Muslim can be a happy, balanced and realistic personality who enjoys what Islamic law has brought, and education in general is a system that has a human necessity that is necessary in order to build and develop generations, and to affirm positive values and the spiritual, moral, psychological, mental, physical and social well-being of souls so that he will be a positive human being and a citizen capable of advancing his society on the basis of... Scientific according to the standards of rational systems established by our true Islamic religion.

The science of pause (waqf) and beginning (ibtida) is considered an important field that has received significant attention from scholars of recitation and Tajweed due to its close connection to the semantic meanings of Quranic verses. Pausing at a specific point or beginning from another point has an effect on determining the meaning. Therefore, a Quran reader must acquire extensive knowledge of this subject to ensure accurate and proficient recitation, avoiding melody and errors during recitation. Mastering pause and beginning requires a good understanding of the sciences of interpretation, reasons for revelation, verse counting, Ottoman script, language, grammar, rhetoric, and others. All these sciences enable the reader to identify the positions where pausing is required, allowed, or recommended, as well as knowing what makes pausing inappropriate or forbidden. Similarly, beginning with sentences that do not distort or alter their intended meanings.
Since linguistic aspects carry regional connotations, pause and beginning have an impact on generating or changing those connotations based on the position of the pause or the point of beginning. Therefore, this research paper aims to investigate the impact of pause and beginning rulings on regional linguistic significations. The paper will be divided into two sections: the first section discusses the concept of linguistic implications, while the second section elucidates the impact of "waqf" and "ibtida'" on linguistic meanings.

He current research aims to use the theory of the characteristic curve of the paragraph to prepare and apply the logical reasoning test to middle school students. To achieve this goal. the researcher followed scientific steps in preparing the test. starting with procedures for the validity of the translation. and then presenting the test to a group of arbitrators in the educational and psychological sciences. to ensure the availability of appropriate characteristics for it and its alternatives in terms of form and content. To ensure the clarity of the test instructions and paragraphs and to determine the performance time. the test was applied to a survey sample of 40 male and female students. It appeared that the test instructions and paragraphs were clear. and the performance time was set at (20) minutes. The test was applied to a sample of (300) male and female students. (The middle school stage in the Second Rusafa District. Baghdad City) were selected using a multi-stage random sampling method. then the researcher determined a cut-off score for the test. using the Ingov method. which depends on the opinions of the arbitrators. The final cut-off score was (10). which is a percentage (67%) of the items. The test. After that. the researcher applied the test in its final form to the final application sample. which numbered (100) students. male and female. who were randomly selected. The results showed that the sample members enjoy logical reasoning. There are no statistically significant differences between males and females in the level of logical reasoning.

The aim of the current research is to identify the educational methods of the jurist Zain al-Din al-Amili, who is one of the notables of the tenth century AH, most of which he included in his book (Muniyat al-Murid fi Adab al-Mufid wa al-Mustafid), and the limits of the research were limited to the aforementioned book, edition of the Library of the Commander of the Faithful in the Holy Najaf in Iraq, edited by Ali Jihad. Al-Hasani 1413 AH / 1993 AD, and the most important results of the research were: The book contains thirteen important educational methods from the methods of education, instruction, and educational psychology, which began with adherence to the conditions of learning and ended with the etiquette of writing, during which reference was made to (85) sub-educational methods that were based on the Holy Qur’anic verses and hadiths. The noble prophethood and the narrations of the imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), as well as what was reported from Muslim scholars, sages, and educators. In his book, Sheikh Al-Amili emphasized important pedagogical and teaching methods such as: stimulating the learner to teach, reinforcement, the teacher’s acceptance of his students, taking into account individual differences, and developing thinking. Humanizing education, effective learning, achieving emotional goals, taking into account scientific inclinations and trends, professional competencies of the teacher, psychological and educational guidance, and the research concluded with a set of recommendations and proposals.

The current study aims at the hypothesis that there is a relationship between belief in conspiracy theory and irrational beliefs among university students, so the researcher presented the theoretical framework and previous studies related to the study and translated them by identifying belief in conspiracy theory among university students and identifying irrational beliefs among university students and identifying the relationship between belief in conspiracy theory Conspiracy and irrational beliefs among university students. Are there statistically significant differences between males and females in the belief between belief in conspiracy theory and irrational beliefs according to the gender variable? Among the students of the College of Education Ibn Rushd University of Baghdad and the results reached by the researcher, there is a high level of belief in conspiracy theory among university students, as well as irrational beliefs among university students, and there is a relationship between belief in conspiracy theory and irrational beliefs among university students, and there are differences in favor of females for the relationship Between conspiracy theory and irrational beliefs among university students, the researcher concluded a number of proposals and recommendations.

This research relies on the contributions produced in the field of computers and the accompanying development in the field of artificial intelligence to nourish and develop the rhetorical lesson as part of the Arabic linguistic system. Therefore, there will be five axes, the first of which is: the axis of the inter-field, an area of understanding between the human and natural sciences, in which the focus is on the problem of Cooperation between knowledge fields as a solution to the crisis of understanding between scientific and human knowledge and producing what can be termed (knowledge integration). As for the second axis, it is a computer-based review of the concept of rhetoric, as it is not possible to accept a specific rhetorical trend - with a prior imitation of the rhetorical concept - unless the concept is edited, in a way that suits the proposed study, and therefore this axis will be a gateway to understanding what we adopt in this research, which is (rhetoric). computer), The third axis: Computer rhetoric and its relationship to digital rhetoric. One of the most important justifications for accepting a work is setting limits to it, its functions, and its concepts so that it is not subject to the problem of interference with similar or close trends. This matter clearly applies to the relationship between computer rhetoric and digital rhetoric, and therefore it takes care of This axis will solve this problem and explain the characteristics of each direction. The field of the fourth axis was the applied field, as we are trying to approach some applications of computer rhetoric, although this research will be the beginning of contemporary Arab rhetorical research in revealing the relationship between rhetoric and computers, and the benefit of rhetoric from a scientific right characterized by a scientific language, but the research tried to continue the transition. From the area of concept and theory to procedure and practice, The unavoidable agreement that rhetoric is a method that can be applied to all communicative events is the same one that brings to mind the speech of the American rhetorician Kenneth Burke (wherever there is persuasion, there is eloquence). There is no doubt that persuasion needs argumentative means that confirm its achievement, and the specialized company IBM has presented In terms of technology, one of the most important projects for producing arguments is the Watson Debater Tool project, which represents a computer tool that helps debaters find arguments to support or attack the other’s thesis and achieve persuasion. There is also a computer-rhetorical system that creates arguments, which is the Carneades Argumentation System. The research ended with the fifth axis, which represents the results and proposals.
There is no doubt that artificial intelligence is a dangerous betting process, and perhaps the most exciting thing about this topic is its connection to different and stagnant worlds in the paper and oral world, and rhetoric is one of these worlds. Therefore, I will present some proposals to benefit from the computer to help researchers in Arabic rhetoric, as rhetoric has the right to benefit from Other sciences, as they have served the human sciences over the past centuries, such as the sciences of the Qur’an, criticism, and the science of phonetics and semantics.

The family and what it does in organizing relations between spouses, and reforming origins and branches by spreading the spirit of affection, compassion and respect among its members, and what it brings to life from a generation that is aware of responsibility and its importance. For these and other considerations, we find that the Holy Qur’an has paid great attention to them, and the best proof of that is that the rulings on the family and its teachings have received the greatest share of the verses of the Wise Men, and it is God Almighty’s grace upon me to direct my determination and expand my heart so that I may have the honor of writing on a topic related to the Book of God Almighty. It addresses the basic and fundamental problem that our nation suffers from today, which is the family and ways to promote and preserve it.

Abstract
The current study aimed to identify the role of the university in developing the culture of dialogue from the point of view of university professors (a comparative study between Al-Qadisiyah University in the Republic of Iraq and Al-Baath University in the Syrian Arab Republic). In this research, the researcher used a questionnaire and the current research reached a set of results. The most prominent ones were:
The arithmetic averages for the College of Education in all dimensions reached (3.88%) and the College of Engineering (2.68%) at Al-Baath University, while the arithmetic averages for the College of Science in Iraq reached (2.56% in all dimensions, for the College of Arts (2.87%) and for the College of Nursing (3.04%).
- Regarding the dimensions in colleges, the social dimension obtained an average of (3.25%), the political dimension (2.7%), the cultural dimension (3.23%), and the behavioral dimension (2.86%).
-There are statistically significant differences in the average grades of male and female university professors regarding the role of the university in developing the culture of dialogue in favor of males, as the arithmetic mean reached (73.50%) and females (43.64%) at Al-Baath University.
-There are statistically significant differences in the average grades of male and female university professors regarding the role of the university in developing the culture of dialogue in favor of males, as the arithmetic average reached (0.8036%) and for females (0.2292%) at Al-Qadisiyah University.
-There are statistically significant differences in the average grades of males and females for university professors at Al-Baath University and Al-Qadisiyah University’s role in developing the culture of dialogue in favor of males, as the arithmetic mean reached (37.151%) and females (21.934%).

The speeches of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) represent cultural systems with multiple purposes and purposes. Among those speeches is the speech of Lady Zainab (peace be upon her), which represents a political and religious speech with diverse ideological and cultural dimensions. The research attempted to read the speech of Lady Zainab bint Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon them both). A reading in light of the theory of advertising to shed light on the most important advertising methods that the Lady (peace be upon her) employed in her usual sermon in the Yazid Council after the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) and his family and companions. The research included an introduction to reading the concept of advertising discourse according to cultural patterns. And the cognitive fields. The study was then divided into two main sections, the first the rhetorical-synthetic component and the second the iconic-semantic component.
The first component was divided into two axes: the first: studying the shift of key words and their methods in achieving advertising implications, so advertising symbols were studied and their semantic role highlighted. In the second paragraph, the shift of adjectives and their role in achieving the advertising function was studied. The second axis dealt with studying the concept of the advertising paradox, pictorial and supported intertextuality. With Qur’anic arguments and evidence, and in the second component, the most important advertising iconic signs were studied according to the religious, cultural and political dimensions to reveal the truth about the events and people who claim the caliphate and the right to it, within the reading of the mechanisms of advertising signs, then the research was concluded with the most important results.

The current research aimed to measure the working memory of pupils with Disabilities learning to read. To achieve the research objectives. the two researchers prepared a test of working memory for students with reading difficulties using visual. auditory and executive tasks according to Baddely’s model. then extracted the psychometric properties of each of them represented by validity and reliability.
The current research is limited to pupils with Disabilities learning to read in primary schools affiliated with the General Directorate of Babylon’s Education in the center of AL-Hilla city for the academic year (2022-2023).
The researchers used the stratified random sampling method in selecting the basic research sample. and the number of sample members reached (75) pupils. The statistical data was analyzed and processed using the Cronbach alpha equation. the Bay serial equation. and the t-test for one sample. The research reached to the following conclusions: The result is that the sample of the current research has below average working memory. and in light of the results reached by the researchers. the following conclusions can be summarized:
1.The need to address Disabilities in learning to read through educational programs.
2.The need to address working memory Disabilities through educational programs.
It also presented number of recommendations. they are: The Ministry of Education or its representative should adopt diagnostic standards for diagnosing pupils who suffer from learning Disabilities to read and learning Disabilities in general in primary schools by specialized committees.
The researchers also presented some suggestions. as like:(Conducting a study to diagnose in learning Disabilities to read among primary school pupils in Babylon Governorate).

The ability and ability of the individual to deal with the Mental Strain may decrease and the source of the burden becomes dominant, which makes the individual unable to protect himself from high and continuous levels of burden and weaken his resistance, so the need has emerged to study the current research, which aims to: 1- Know the cognitive burden of the research sample. 2- Know the differences in in the cognitive load of the research sample according to (gender, specialization, type of university, type of study). The Mental Strain is "the direct effect caused by the mental stress to which the individual is exposed and this effect depends on the habits that the individual uses in the face of stress." The current research sample included (300) male and female students who were selected by random stratified method from nine colleges at the University of Baghdad and the same in Dijlah National College. To achieve the objectives of the current research, the scale (GHQ – 12) has been translated to measure the Mental Strain and after ensuring the sincerity and stability of the tools, they have been applied for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the current research, and a number of statistical means have been used in this research, including:
Averages and standard deviation, T-test for one sample, multiple variance analysis, Spearman's correlation coefficient for repeated ranks. The current research has reached the following results:
1-The low level of Mental Strain in general among the research sample, as well as the low level of anxiety, depression and loss of confidence, while there was a rise in the level of social difficulties.
2-There are no statistically significant differences in the Mental Strain in general among the research sample, as well as for its dimensions and for the independent variables in the current research (gender, specialization, type of study)except for the variable of the type of university (private - governmental), the differences were in favor of public universities. In light of the findings of the current research, we put the following recommendations:
To the Ministry of Higher Education
1- Preparing cultural, psychological and educational programs in universities to provide students with positive methods in the face of pressure.
2- Providing opportunities to practice recreational activities and hobbies for young people aimed at supporting the low level of Mental Strain among students. In light of the findings of the current research, we develop a set of proposals, including: Conducting a study aimed at identifying other reasons that may cause Mental Strain among students, such as the economic situation of the individual or job security.

First: the research problem
This research will attempt to answer the following questions:
1- Who is Ramadi, to which era does he belong, and what are the circumstances of that era?
2- Why was he given that name?
3- What is meant by values?
4- What is meant by societal values, and what are their types?
5- What are the societal values in gray hair?
Research Objectives This research results in revealing the depths of Andalusian poetry in the fourth century AH, and getting to know one of its prominent poets from the era of the Andalusian caliphate, and studying societal values in general, as well as studying those values that emerged with this poet.
The research method: the descriptive analytical approach.
Structure of the research: The research came on two topics preceded by an introduction and a summary of the research: the first of which was marked by: studying the basic elements of the research, and it resulted in two axes: the first came to study a brief summary of the poet’s life, and the second axis included a study (of the concept of values). The second topic dealt with (societal values in the poetry of Yusuf bin Harun al-Ramadi), and the conclusion included the most important findings of the research, and then came the list of sources and references.

The aim of the current research is to know information awareness among university students, as well as to know the differences between scientific and humanities disciplines in information awareness, as the research community included students from the College of Education/University of Tikrit. The researcher intended to take this community as it includes scientific and humanities departments, and a sample was taken from this group. population by (5%) of the original population, so the sample became (200) male and female students, with (100) male and female students from the scientific departments and (100) male and female students from the humanities departments. A new scale was built to measure the trait, and the researcher came out with the result that the sample members enjoy With information awareness, as well as the superiority of the human scientific specialty in the level of information awareness.

The research aimed to identify the impact of KWHLAQ strategy on acquiring and retaining chemical concepts among second-grade intermediate students in chemistry. In order to verify the objectives of the research. the researchers formulated two zero hypotheses that assume that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the two research groups.
Therefore. the researchers conducted an experiment for two months on a sample of students of the second intermediate grade. numbering (61) students. Experimental design with partial control. tools. and appropriate statistical methods were used. The results of the research showed that the experimental group students who studied chemistry using the KWHLAQ strategy outperformed the control group students who studied the same subject using the usual method. Accordingly. the researchers recommended adopting the KWHLAQ strategy in teaching chemistry for the second intermediate grade. They also suggested conducting similar studies on other variables and educational stages.

The current research aims to identify (the effect of the strategy of explaining predictions and supporting hypotheses on the academic achievement of fifth-grade students in the topics of literature and texts). The researchers adopted the experimental method, as they used an experimental design with partial control for the experimental and control study groups, then they applied the experiment to a sample consisting of ( 60) students from the fifth scientific grade in (Al-Jawahiri Preparatory Boys) affiliated with the Al-Qadisiyah Education Directorate, who were randomly selected from the research community in the city of Diwaniyah in the second course of the academic year (2022-2023), The researchers rewarded the two research groups on a number of variables that they believe may affect the dependent variables, which are (chronological age calculated in months, the academic achievement of the mothers and fathers, the pre-probing reasoning scale, the intelligence test, and the students’ mid-year grades).
To achieve the goal of the research, the researchers prepared the requirements for the experiment, represented by identifying the scientific material, which was represented by six topics in literature and texts from the Arabic language book, the second part of the fifth scientific grade, which are (Abu al-Tayyib al-Mutanabbi, Abu Tammam al-Ta’i, Badi al-Zaman al-Hamdani, Introduction to the Andalusian Era / the poet Ibn Zaydun, Muwashahat / Lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib),
As well as formulating the behavioral objectives for the teaching plans for the topics mentioned, and the final number reached (80) behavioral objectives. The researchers prepared model teaching plans for each of the topics specified for the experiment. The researchers taught the two research groups, as the students of the experimental group studied using a strategic strategy to explain the predictions and support the hypotheses, and the group control in the usual way, and the experiment lasted (11) weeks, and the researchers built the research tool represented by the achievement test, which consisted of (40) test items (35) of the multiple choice type, and (5) essay items, The validity of the tool was verified, and the coefficient of reliability, difficulty, discrimination, and effectiveness of incorrect alternatives to the test items were calculated, and all of them were acceptable. After analyzing the data, the results indicated that the students of the experimental group excelled over the students of the control group in the achievement test for topics of literature and texts. In light of these results, the researchers concluded a number of recommendations and proposals.

 

The current study aims to identify (the impact of the strategy define your goal - plan - implement on the achievement of the Arabic language subject for the students of the second intermediate grade). by verifying the following zero hypothesis: (There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05). Between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group who study Arabic grammar according to the strategy (set your goal - plan - implement) and the average scores of the students of the control group who study the same subject according to the usual method in the achievement test). To achieve the goal of the research. the researchers adopted an experimental design with partial control for the experimental and control groups to complete the test. The research sample consisted of (60) female students from the second intermediate grade. for the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023 AD. then two divisions were chosen randomly to represent two groups. the first division (C) to represent the experimental and included (30) students. and the second division (D).) To represent the control group. which included (30) students. the researchers rewarded the two groups in several variables. the researchers prepared teaching plans for each group. and the researchers prepared behavioral goals for the subjects. which totaled (68) behavioral goals distributed according to Bloom's classification on the first four levels (remembering. understanding، analysis. application). then the two researchers built an achievement test consisting of (30) items. the test was applied to a statistical analysis sample of (100) students in another school. and the coefficient of stability of the test was found using the Qodder Richarson 20 method. and after applying the test. the test was processed The data were statistically analyzed using chi-square. and the second test (T.Test) for two independent samples. and the study resulted in results. including that the strategy (set your goal - plan - implement) has an impact on raising the level of achievement for second-grade middle school students. and that it encouraged the students to rely on themselves And accustom them to freedom of opinion.
In light of the results. the two researchers recommended the need for teachers of the Arabic language to adopt modern strategies. including the strategy (define your goal - plan - implement) in teaching Arabic grammar for secondary school students for all grades. and as a complement to the aspects of the current research. the researchers suggested: Conducting a comparative study between the strategy (specify Your goal - plan - implement) and modern teaching methods emanating from active learning strategies to know the difference between them in different variables and age stages.

The current research aims to (recognize the ethical evidence and its implications contained in Surat (Al-Baqarah and An-Nahl) and the extent to which they are included in the books of Islamic education for the intermediate stage). In the intermediate stage and previous studies, this list consisted of (34) indications. Its validity was confirmed by presenting it to a group of arbitrators, and its stability was verified by three methods. Surat (Al-Baqara and the Nahl) in the books of Islamic education for the intermediate stage includes (9) moral evidence and (12) evidence Ethical despite the lack of some important ethical evidence in the book's content, which were included in the list of evidence prepared by the researcher, for example (honesty / / generosity / chastity / not extravagance and extravagance / / good wife / business / tolerance / tolerance).

The current research aims at constructing a proposed counseling program (by stopping thoughts) to modify the irrational thoughts of divorced women. For the purpose of measuring the irrational thoughts, an irrational thoughts scale of divorced women is constructed, which has a number of items (29) items, and the alternatives are (always agree, sometimes agree, disagree). In its final form after ascertaining the psychometric characteristics, the researcher has administered the scale to the basic and adult research sample (200) of divorced women in Baghdad governorate who are selected randomly and distributed in six sections in (Karkh - Rusafa) in the year 2022-2023. However, the following results are arrived at: The research community of divorced women have irrational ideas

The aim of the research is to identify “the effectiveness of designing an educational training board for electromagnetic control experiments in the achievement of students of Imam al-Kadhim College (peace be upon him).” To achieve the research objectives, the following hypotheses were formulated:
1) There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied through the designed educational board and the scores of the control group students who studied in the usual way in the achievement test.
2) There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of students (the experimental group) in the achievement test due to the gender variable.
The research population was limited to the students of the Computer Technology Engineering Department at Imam Al-Kadhim College (peace be upon him). The research sample was chosen from the students of the third stage of the Computer Technology Engineering Department. The experimental group consisted of (48) male and female students, and the control group consisted of (56) male and female students.
The control and experimental groups of students were rewarded with a test of previous information, chronological age calculated in months, and previous achievement. It also required building the research tool represented by (the achievement test), which consisted of (20) items, and the test was of the type (multiple choice with four alternatives).
 
The test was applied to the students (research sample) on Sunday, February 5, 2023 AD, and after quantifying and tabulating the results and processing them statistically using the statistical package, the following became clear:
1- There is a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied through the designed educational board and the scores of the control group students who studied in the usual way in the achievement test, in favor of the experimental group.
2- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who studied through the educational board designed in the achievement test due to the gender variable.
Therefore, the researcher recommends the following:
1- Include training programs for computer engineering department teachers with appropriate skills on how to use electronically designed educational boards in teaching.
2- Computerizing the school curricula and including them with interesting educational electronic boards.
3- Establishing special centers to design educational boards and electronic games for all school curricula.
4- Holding conferences and seminars on teaching using educational electronic boards.
5- Paying attention to developing training programs for teaching staff for all stages with programs concerned with electronic teaching.
In continuation of what the research concluded, the researchers
 
propose a number of studies as follows:
1- Building a training program for learning and e-learning in teaching for the Computer Technology Engineering Department.
2- A study to determine the impact of electronic design on the acquisition of concepts among students at different stages.
3- Study the effectiveness of electronically designed boards in students’ achievement of different subjects and stages.
 

Imam al-Hasan (peace be upon him) was very interested in the science of morals and ideas, and the reason for that was that he saw the collapse of Islamic morals and the people’s distance from their religion as a result of the presence of the Jews, hypocrites, and rogues who tried to destroy all moral and intellectual values, and thus the nation was excluded from its primary role in monitoring and guidance. And the exercise of its role in enjoining good and forbidding evil, which includes all kinds of intellectual, political and social reform, so he (peace be upon him) set out to reform society and refine it by teaching them morals and preserving them to build a nation capable of performing the function of enjoining good and forbidding evil and preserving the nation from deviating from the path of Islam.
The highness and elevation of the morals of Imam al-Hasan was prominent since his inception, as it is a natural product and a sure harvest for whoever made it and who planted it, and he is the Messenger of God (PBUH), and the Commander of the Faithful Ali, peace be upon him. This Imam was a generous donor to the poor and the needy, and to everyone who knew He needed it, until he described the honorable Ahl al-Bayt.
The distinction in this capacity is due to the circumstances that dictated to this imam a great deal of this giving, as the social reality was difficult in his stage, and the people were in distress and narrowness, and they required him to move to fill, as far as he could, the people's needs and requirements. The attributes and actions of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH) were never based on personal considerations, but were rather a societal need
Giving results are not limited to the needy, but also to the givers, as it is completely opposite to selfishness and stinginess, and is considered a kind of generosity and high morals, as it is not linked to any personal expectations, so it is the most powerful means of self-pleasure, as most research confirms, when people’s needs come before you and you solve them with giving. In this mechanism, a person finds himself, and enjoys the taste of life and its goals, in addition to that it removes worry and anguish from others, and removes from them the feeling of sadness, heartbreak, and the challenges of life.)Wheeler, Gorey, & Greenblatt 1998: 32),
Therefore, the Iraqi personality was affected by the moral biography of the Ahl al-Bayt and their dealings with people. Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) called for people to love the Ahl al-Bayt with good morals and beautiful actions. It was narrated from him (peace be upon him) that he said: And prayer and goodness, for that is a caller” (Al-Kulaini, 2007: 105).
The best way to endear people to Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, and to attract them to follow their example is to show virtuous morals, good dealings with others, and kindness to them. People are affected by what they see in terms of actions more than they are affected by words, and this can be explained through the theory of social learning, as Bandura (1977) believes that most human behavior is learned by observing the behavior of others, imitating them and emulating them, and through mutual relations with them and the interaction between the individual and others. Man is a social being affected by the attitudes, feelings, and actions of others. He learns behavioral models from them through observation and imitation. Therefore, Iraqis knew giving, generosity, and generosity, emulating the giving of Imam Hassan, peace be upon him, who was nicknamed (Karim Ahl al-Bayt).
As all Iraqis are distinguished by giving and generosity, generosity of the soul, generosity of money, generosity of morals, generosity of knowledge, generosity of knowledge, generosity of loyalty, and everything that would be giving.
In light of this, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization decided to include the file of service and hospitality for the Arbaeen pilgrimage of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) on the international list of UNESCO, within the list of the intangible heritage of humanity during the meetings of the fourteenth session in the Colombian capital, Bogota, in the presence of more than (900) personalities. sciences from (153) countries.
As the holy Husseini shrine affirmed that the generosity and generosity of the Iraqi people was behind the inclusion of the Arbaeen visit in the UNESCO list, as what distinguishes this visit is the element of hospitality and generosity that is unique to the Iraqi citizen and not others. (1)
The current research aimed to:
Interpretation of giving according to Imam al-Hasan, pbuh, according to the theory of social learning and the behavior of the model of the psychologist (Bandora) and its impact on the formation of the Iraqi personality.
The research reached a number of conclusions, including:
1- Highlighting the role of Imam Al-Hassan (peace be upon him) by clarifying his ethical approach. Through his ideas( ), justice and supplications, his earthly ideas are considered suitable for the upbringing of the generation on its principles, beliefs and hopes, depending on the lofty goals and noble morals that he set and defined for the Islamic personality that the Muslim individual should have. And to define the parameters of education and its intellectual, social and emotional frameworks.
2- Imam Al-Hassan (PBUH) expressed through his noble behavior the value on which God wanted life to be built. and Greed and stinginess.
3- Giving as a human and societal value is considered a guarantee of society’s peace and security. A society cannot enjoy tranquility and peace, or enjoy stability, except when its members feel the spirit of sympathy and mercy, and each one extends his hand to the other.
4- The Iraqi personality was known for giving, generosity, and generosity, following the most wonderful example in Islamic history, which is the personality of Imam Hassan, nicknamed (Karim Ahl al-Bayt). Therefore, Iraqis are known for their abundant giving and unlimited generosity, and it has become a feature of their distinctive personality. Wherever the tender was mentioned, the Iraqi character was mentioned.

The current research aims to identify academic perfection level among University professors، and to achieve the aims of the research، the researcher adopted the measurement of the academic perfection of Hani (2019) . After confirming the validity and stability of the research tool، it was applied to the sample members, which amounted to (200) University professors from Middle Technical University for the academic year (2022-2023). and after applying the research tool, the data were collected and analyzed statistically using the following statistical methods : Pearson correlation coefficient، arithmetic mean and standard deviation . The researcher reached the results that showed that University professors have academic perfectionism.
Based on these results, the researcher presented the following :
Recommendations: exposure the professors of the university to Situations Contribute that are in the increase of confidence in the soul and Lack of interest of Evaluations of the other and count it of a motivated، not an Obstacle .
Suggestions: Study of the relationship the correlation between academic perfectionism and Each of : life satisfaction, negative social interactions, and self-criticism.

The reader of Sheikh Jaber Al-Kadhimi’s poetry feels the presence of a unique poeticism that is interspersed with the presence of places of absorption and spaces of rumination that vary in nature and sources that ruminate from multiple cultural resources, so his poetic texts open up to semantic contents, inferential suggestions, and relational symbols. The Qur’anic text is considered one of the most prominent cultural sources that are present in its spirit and whose bell is audible, so its resonant echoes occupy large areas of his collection. In this type of interrelation, the textual interactions are evident in the poet’s collection through reference to religious vocabulary that has a historical dimension or references to some facts, stories, or religious practices, including It gives the text richness and splendor, because evoking the Qur’anic discourse in literary texts gives it distinction for its connotations based on the credibility, sanctity, and miraculous nature of the Qur’anic discourse, and this constitutes a conscious textual connection between the creative text and the Holy Qur’an.
Revealing these mechanisms is what the study aims to clarify by relying on intertextuality as a methodological mechanism employed by the study in three sections.

إن دراسة مفهوم الحب في الله و أبعاده الفلسفية تستوجب استخراج كل العناصر المتعلقة بالموضوع و تحليلها و فهمها فهما واقعيا مجردا لبلوغ المنظور الذي يشير إليه العلامة الحلّي في ما يتعلق بالشخصية التاريخية العظيمة و المؤثرة في مجرى التاريخ البشري سيما التاريخ المجتمعات الإسلامية عبر الزمان و المكان.
في هذا السياق، يمكن القول أن المجتمع الإنساني الذي يتشكل من مركبات موضوعية تبلور وجوده و تفاعله و تبني مقومات كينونته، من أهمها :
- مركب علاقة الإنسان بأخيه الإنسان
- مركب علاقة الإنسان بالطبيعة
فمن خلال الحديث الذي قاله رسول الله صلى الله و على اله و سلم : "من كنت مولاه فعليّ مولاه"( ).
نستطيع أن نستخرج عناصر العلاقة التي كانت تكمن في وجدان الرسول صلى الله و على اله و سلم تجاه عليّ بن أبي طالب و قد أشار إليها العلامة الحلّي في كتابه كشف اليقين في فضائل أمير المؤمنين حيث روي عبد الله بن أبي طالب قال: لمّا نظر رسول الله-صلى الله عليه و اله و سلم- إلى الرحمة هابطة، قال:" ادعوا لي، ادعوا لي" فقالت صفيّة، من يا رسول الله؟ قال:" أهل بيتي عليّا فاطمة و الحسن و الحسين". فجيء بهم فألقى عليهم النبيّ –صلى الله و عليه و اله و سلم- كساه ثمّ رفع يديه ثمّ قال:" اللّهم هؤلاء آلي فصلّ على محمّد و آل محمّد" ( )، و منها انزل الله سبحانه و تعالى قوله:" إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا (33)"( ).
وباعتبار أن المجتمع الإسلامي بما فيه من خطوط و من علاقات و اتجاهات عامة يتأثر وينبثق و يتفاعل مع وجهة النظر القرآنية و الوحي النبوي فان ادوار مركبات و عناصر مكوّنات المجتمع الإسلامي تتحدد طبيعيا وفق تكامل علاقة الإنسان بأخيه الإنسان و علاقة الإنسان مع الطبيعة.
وبناء على ما سبق’ نستطيع القول أن الصيرورة الموضوعية للأدوار المتفاعلة في المجتمع لا يمكن لها أن تزيغ عن القاعدة الأصلية لعنصر الثبات في النصّ القرآني و الحديث النبوي الشريف. لان هذي القاعدة هي التي سوف تبلور المنهج الصحيح الذي ينبغي أن تتخذه كل العناصر المكونة للمجتمع لاسيما المجتمع الإسلامي، باعتبار أن هذه القاعدة هي التي تشكل الأحكام ذات الطابع الثابت و المستمر في الزمان و المكان و المصبوغة بالنظرة الكاملة و الشاملة للحياة الاجتماعية .
لكن منطقة الفراغ التي حدثت بين عناصر التفاعل مباشرة بعد أن انتقل رسول الله – صلى الله و عليه واله و سلم- إلى الرفيق الأعلى جعلت أن يكون هناك مرونة متحركة في الزمان و المكان في موقف عليّ بن أبي طالب – عليه الصلاة و السلام- و ذلك بهدف استمرار صيرورة المجتمع الإسلامي وفق المبادئ و القيّم التي تعكس واقع التشريع الإسلامي بما يحمله من مرونة و تفاعل بين علاقة الإنسان بأخيه الإنسان و علاقة الإنسان بالطبيعة.
 

He is interested in studying the multiplication and condensation in the sayings of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) as a semantic study. Hoping to reveal his eloquence, the power of his eloquence, and his artistic ability to increase and exaggerate pronunciation. To summarize the meaning and make it proportional to the circumstances and in harmony with the significance that is intended to be clarified and detailed, and to demonstrate the great artistic ability of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to charge his short sayings with a great deal of inspiration and influence, by condensing words and phrases, enriching the text with dense and broad meanings and connotations, and revealing the rhetorical power with which he is distinguished. It enabled him to employ methods that were appropriate and consistent with his desire to convey several things to the recipient that would contribute to changing his behavior and directing him towards the correct behavior related to the Islamic faith and its foundations and rules.

The importance of studying identity stems from the fact that it represents a cognitive discourse like other discourses in literature. Identity entered narrative writing and became clearly one of its contents. The novel presents reality and daily life, including reality in the past, which is represented by history by extending towards the present or the future by absorbing the issues of historical reality. The concept of identity has become an important part of Arab fictional literature in general and Iraqi novels in particular, especially women’s novels, during the transition phase that Iraqi reality faced after 2003 AD, which was filled with a series of historical events. This led to the formation of a written form that deals with realistic events set in a narrative process stemming from the past. and the present, As a discussion of the actual changes in reality, and a conveyor of an image in which it can be said that history does not have the possibility of conveying the truth as it is, but rather carries a difference through the formation of the text, the language, and the historical paradox in the novel; After this period, the novels revealed the formation of a clearly defined phenomenon that calls for penetrating the depths of its events and gives us access to an integrated unity with the presence of history in the studied novels, with its temporal differences, formations, and political and social effects.

The current research identifies the implications of two colors that are presented in The Glorious Quran, white and red. The researcher selected Ayas and Suras that contain these colors then analyze according to the adopted model. There are (14) Ayas in (12) Suras where these two colors are presented. The study aims at identifying the most frequent color and the least frequent one, what ideologies are hidden behind using them in The Glorious Quran, and what stylistic tools are showed to analyze them and which one is not utilized. In association with the aims, the study sets out three hypotheses: (1) white color is more utilized in The Glorious Quran than red one , (2) each color has a specific ideology to be mentioned in The Glorious Quran, (3) naming a describing tool is the most frequent one while negating is not present. To verify hypotheses and achieve the aims of the study, Jeffries'(2010) model is used which composed of the toolkits that manifest the analysis of critical stylistic perspective. Based on the findings, the study concludes that: (1) white color has recorded the highest frequent whereas, red has achieved least frequent, (2) each color presents specific ideologies when used in The Glorious Quran, (3) naming and describing tools are more frequent than others whereas, negating and hypothesizing have receded zero occurrence in analyzing these two colors from critical stylistic perspectives.

This article studies the viewpoints of two influential scholars, Frantz Fanon and Benedict Anderson, on the concept of national consciousness. Fanon, a prominent postcolonial theorist, examined the psychological and sociopolitical implications of colonialism on the development of national consciousness. Anderson, on the other hand, focused on the imagined communities that form the basis of nationalism. By comparing their perspectives, this study aims to elucidate the complexities and nuances of national consciousness as a cultural and political phenomenon.
Drawing from Fanon's influential works, including The Wretched of the Earth and Black Skin, White Masks, this paper looks into his analysis of the psychological effects of colonization on the formerly colonized individuals. Fanon argued that imperialism engendered feelings of inferiority and self-hatred among the colonized, leading to a collective desire for liberation and the formation of a national consciousness grounded in empowerment and agency. Understanding Fanon's perspective provides valuable understandings of the psychological dimensions of national consciousness and its role in decolonization struggles.
In contrast, Anderson's important book, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, proposes a more constructivist approach. Anderson posits that nations are socially constructed entities, realized through shared symbols, myths, and narratives. The development of print capitalism played a significant role in uniting diverse individuals under the banner of a common identity, fueling the growth of nationalist sentiment. By examining Anderson's perspectives, this article intends to refer to the ideological and discursive dimensions of national consciousness. Furthermore, this analysis provides insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with national consciousness in the contemporary global context, offering potential avenues for further research and analysis.