Journal of Imam Al-Kadhum College

A number of issues are included in the study of adversity .They appeared
as a result of the spread of the means of life, especially in the field of
science and technology, which exerted their efforts on Sharia and devote
their efforts to derive provisions for it, which confirms the perfection of
Islamic Sharia and its ability to absorb all developments and accidents. The
research was divided into two sections, the first is devoted to the definition
of terms such as the catastrophe, which is one of the hardships of eternity
and the importance of Al-Ejtihad .The second is samples of issues such as
autopsy, grafting, artificial insemination, blood grafting, and what is related
to worship, such as the Muslim’s prayer in space travel, and many other
issues developed between the folds of research and not the informant as
meanings, and success is from Allah.

In this paper, Surat Al-Fajr is studied as a phonetic and linguistic study
of some selected passages. This study based on a combination of
phonetics and phonology . It aims to show the effect of the timbre of
sounds, their qualities and exits, as well as the effect of the type of vowels,
their number, and the type of syllables in the meaning of the word or the
syllable being studied. This paper proved the aesthetic of phonological
creation in the Holy Qur’an, including the accuracy of the art of contrast in
the images of the passages of this surah, such as the contrast between the
bright morning light and the darkness of the night, by choosing phonemes
in certain structures and not others, and certain sounds and syllables are
appropriate to the atmosphere of the surah to narrate the intention that the
Almighty wants.

The place represents one of the factors on which the events are based, and
the multiplicity of places has become accompanying the development of
the movement of events, Thus, the multiplicity of places is divided
according to the type of residence, voluntary residence, and compulsory
residence; voluntary residence refers to houses, As for compulsory, it
refers to imprisonment. As for the closed places that are related to it, it has
been said: They are the places that are bounded by its three sides At the
very least, provided that it has ceiling limits, has a specificity in the soul of
every human being, and varies between the public and the private, Among
these places is the place of living, the housing that shelters the person and
stays in it for long periods of time, whether by his will or the will of others,
so it is the place rained by geometric and geographical boundaries, and the
conflict remains between the place and the permanent conflict between the
place as an artistic element Between the person who lives in it, and this
conflict does not stop unless the damage begins to become clear or
materialize between the person and the place in which he despairs. The title
of my research was (The Closed Places utterances in the holy Qur’an: an
Analytical Explanatory Study), and the research included an introduction,
preface, demands, conclusion, sources and references. I have divided this
research into five demands that include: The first requirement: the safe
place and what is meant by it, is the place in which a person feels safe and
secure. This requirement is divided into two parts:

Separation the structural study from semantic study is not true since the
second depends in its definition and arrangement on the first, and the first
is a means to achieve the other. Accordingly, this paper dealt with the
concept of salvation in the Holy Qur’an. The structural and semantic study
is the core of this study, and it deals with salvation in the circle of linguistic
concepts and its idiomatic significance, as it dealt with the concept between
Qur’anic contexts and structural formulas, A special hadeeth was singled
out about the Almighty’s saying: “Today We will save you with your body,
so that you may be a sign for those who succeed you” (Yunus/92). In order
to find out its implications, the consideration and analysis of the structure
was not a primary purpose in itself - as I explained above - but rather it is a
stage in which the research moves to the implications of that structure, and
the study yielded multiple results

This paper deals with the aspects of impact and influence between
the Arabic language and logic and the mutual area between the two
sciences. Arabic sciences are from contrivance sciences which are studied
for the sake of other sciences. Are studied to keep the tongue from
committing mistake. They link to phonology, morphology, parsing and
prosodies and others. In fact Logic also is from contrivance sciences which
are studied keep thought out of mistake .This makes the two sciences
exchange knowledge according to the way of thinking and the way of
conveying thoughts. This influence doesn’t produce syntax but syntax is
Arabic in its origin and growth and this just an exchange of scientific
knowledge. This help in creating scholars of Arabic, logic and principles.
Finally ,this paper reveals some manifestations of this influence.

Parsing and synthetic are two important cases in Arabic, Parsing
is origin in nouns and branch in verbs. Whereas synthetic is
origin in verbs and branch in nouns.
so what was origin does not ask about his illness, but some
proper names, come synthetic in opposite to the common rules in
three positions :are advocated single proper name, the proper
name with (هَبى buya), and the feminine proper noun which takes
the weight(فعال Feal ) the (effective) which differed for
grammarians Is it synthetic or parsing?) or banned from
morphological process ?

Having power represents an existential ambition for man, which
appears in various walks of life and all its different angles, and
most of his steps may be in his request, whether this endeavor is
consciously or unconsciously. In order to achieve its various
goals, the most important of which is the defense of its right to
existence and a decent life, Batoul, the heroine of the novel “She
is in Memory” and the narrator of its events, faces the spectral
power that extends from physical violence to symbolic
domination, which is represented in the identification of the
domineering with the authoritarian with a link It is described as
the purest human bond; And it is love. The writer presents this
theme with an artistic construction that helps with his techniques
to show the magnitude of the contradiction between the identity
of the two main characters, both of whom are narrators of the
events from his point of view. The identification appears in
language, fiction, description, and repeated scenes, adjacent to
the contrast that makes “Saleh” the jailer the lover of “Batool”.
The imprisoned and the tormented, so that all the contradictions
of the events overlap in a way that the woman escapes from the
death sentence and escapes with her prisoner outside Iraq to
marry and give birth to a child, as the research does not find an
explanation for this event except with the Stockholm Syndrome,
which accommodates this identification and union between a
sharp contradiction and difficult communication.

Al-Maqrizi is considered one of the encyclopedic authors, who wrote
in all fields, and whose books are close to two hundred works between
jurisprudence, religious sciences and philosophy, and most of his works are
history. Ahl al-Bayt virtues were collected briefly, and our research
focused on two topics. The first topic dealt with its methodology, style,
purpose and purpose of writing the book, and its approach was clear-cut,
close to the goal, easy to take, in which the reader or researcher reaches his
goal, without the slightest effort; Because its owner envisaged facilitating
the benefit of it. As for the second topic, the study was critical of the
narratives mentioned by al-Maqrizi in his book, which included one verse
from his book, which is (The Verse of Purification) within the scope of our
research, as he presented many narrations from both sides and explained
what is meant by Ahl al-Bayt. We did not find direct criticism by alMaqrizi in refuting These narrations were rather presented as they are, and
after presenting these narrations at the end of the discussion about the verse
of purification, it was sufficient to mention hadiths concerning the family
of the Prophet (the family of the Prophet), and its aim is to convey an idea
to the reader that the verse of purification was revealed by the right of the
family of the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his
family).

This paper sheds some light upon the phenomenon of learning and
education among the Fatimids through the book of the orientalist Heinz
Halm (The Fatimids and Their Traditions in Education). The Fatimids gave
a great importance to education, as it included the jurisprudential, doctrinal,
moral and other aspects, fiqh education can be seen clearly when they made
the sciences of sharia available to all. When the Ismailis came to power,
education became open to all people. Islamic law, according to what this
orientalist reported, was according to the Ismaili school, as he mentioned in
his referenced book.

Studying curricula of historians are of important studies that give an
idea for identifying the methods of their authorship in transmitting
and documenting narrations and the method of presenting them and
clarifying the efforts of the compilers in knowing the transmitted
history resources and how to transfer them in various fields. In
transmission and documentation, including Al-Suyuti, who was
written in various magazines in various branches of knowledge, as he
was known for the breadth and diversity of knowledge. The research
is to study the methodology and resources of the book Al-Thaghour
al-basimma fi al-Manaqib al-Sayyida Fatima, which included part of
her virtues and her fragrant biography in a concise manner, which is
clear from the book as it did not expand in it. Fatima Alzahraa
(P.BU.H)

Cultural impact of any country in Islamic history is a favorite of any
researcher, but the study of the cultural impact of the Mongols of
Elikhanin is surprising to the reader because of the reputation of cruelty,
murder, brutality and all kinds of brutality. If you want to describe
someone is cruel, we is called him Mongol.
And the follower of the post-Mongol military flood and what happened to
the world after that? This is what we address in this research, especially
in the intellectual and urban aspects in the cities of Baghdad and
Maragha. This is due to the many produced in the construction and in
particular in the construction of graves and scientific cities, as well as the
study of the linguistic and religious aspects. The Mongols were
influenced by Islam until the Mongol Empire became Islamic.

Turks began appearing in the Abbasside state since the era of Caliphate
al-Muaatasim Billah ( 218-227AH)-(833-841AD) and they were brought
from Bilad Mawaraa al-Nahr(country beyond the river); they resided in
Baghdad , then they moved to Samara. The latter became as a base for
Turkish dominance . During the era of caliphate al-Wathiq Billah ( 227-
232 AH) –( 841-846 AD) , their dominance continued , but caliphate alMutawakal ( 232-247 AH/ 846-861AD) confronted them and they killed
him in ( 227-861AD) .
Then a new phase of Turkish control began emerging within the state and
its capabilities, where they became controlling the Abbasside caliphates
in Samara , but owing to the Turkish interests and their worse politics ,
they began spreading chaos and strike in all levels of the state. All these
factors resulted into systematic killing of the Abbasside Caliphates and
their dominance in Samara.

This research aims to know the construction of cognitive frameworks in
an important book of the Arab-Islamic heritage, which is the Nabataean
Farming Book - which was translated from Syriac into Arabic in the
fourth century AH by Ibn Wahshiyya al-Nabati - and entered the space of
cultural exchange in Arab-Islamic civilization, to be a stone The basis for
building the science of agriculture and the motive for the establishment of
this science.
This paper was divided into four sections, an introduction and a
conclusion. The first topic dealt with the rational experimental tendency
in the book, and the second topic: the effectiveness of magic and
talismans and their impact on the cognitive construction of the book. The
third topic: deals with the effectiveness of planets and astrology, which
was one of the postulates of ancient cultures. As for the fourth topic: it
deals with myths, legends and agricultural rituals, as the researcher
believes that there is no human culture without it and accompanying it in
its various activities and life practices.

The national movement in Sudan went through major turning points in its
path, and the Egyptian presence, following the conquest of Sudan by the
forces of Muhammad Ali Pasha in 1821, in pursuit of broad ambitions to
control the Arab Mashreq in general, had its impact on the subsequent
political events in Sudan, which has a distinguished position in the ambitions
of Muhammad Ali Pasha, and the help of the rulers who came after him with
the Europeans in general, and the British in particular, led Sudan to become
coveted by foreign colonizers.

When the British occupation came, he hired a group of Europeans who
contributed to the increase in corruption, and all this was done in the name of
Egypt, which greatly harmed the relationship between the people of the Nile
Valley in Egypt and Sudan and paved the way for the separation between
them at a later time, so the Sudanese fought the battle of jihad against the
external occupation until And if his tools were from Egypt, and under the
banner of the Mahdist movement, the Egyptian forces and the Europeans who
were arrogant with them were defeated, and they established the Mahdist
state, which ruled for thirteen years, which represented a historical symbol for
his influential action in the political life of Sudan, and although the state
founded by Muhammad Ahmed bin Muhammad The Mahdi and attracted
most of the Sudanese ended in 1898, as ended with the unilateral Egyptian
rule under the name of the Ottoman Empire to begin (British-Egyptian dual
rule), but that confrontation helped to liberate and define the trends of the
national movement in the later stage.

Since antiquity, man has struggled to obtain rights and freedoms in
confronting authority. Such struggle continued for a long time until man was
able, in one of the stages, to prove what rights and freedoms they obtained in a
constitution that governs authority and regulates freedoms for individuals. This
by itself is not the end since setting on the public rights and freedoms in the
constitution is not sufficient. It is necessary to provide actual guarantees to
ensure the effective implementation and practical protection of rights and
freedoms.

Trade via the Internet cannot develop unless there are means of
payment suitable for this type of trade, so that the means of payment are
based on advanced technology that has contributed to a change in
banking activities, and accordingly the international banks worked to
develop their work according to these new channels because they are
among the modern services In the field of banking business, electronic
money is considered one of the most important electronic payment
methods as a result of technological development, as it provides the
possibility of using it in several areas and the payment through it is final,
through which the consumer can complete his transactions without the
need to refer to him in the future to settle his transactions, as it is a means
that is not linked to any A bank account, which makes the consumer free
to dispose of it without the need to refer to the institution issuing
electronic money to complete the payment process, and the issuance of
electronic money needs requirements aimed at providing a high level of
protection for the parties to the relationship and paying the risks for them,
and dealing with this type of money arranges many Obligations of each of
the parties A breach of these obligations leads to penal and civil liability
The party who breaches its obligation

Bribery is generally a serious crime that casts a shadow over all aspects of life
in countries where such crime is high, as its spread in the public sector has led to a
move towards the private sector to improve economic realities through the state's
waiver of the facilities and institutions it manages to the private sector, but this
infection quickly spread to the private sector as the crime of bribery became
committed by workers and employees working in this sector, which made the voices
rise. To criminalize bribery in the private sector and not limit it to the public service.
We find that it is not right for the private sector to be left safe from criminal liability,
especially since the state in its tasks meets the needs of its employees and devotes fair
public and private departments entrusted with these tasks.