Kufa Journal of Arts

Cartography is the main pillar on which geographical work is based, and without it, geography loses an indispensable tool. Therefore, it was necessary to pay attention to this science for its prominent position among the branches of geography, as it is at the forefront of them because of what it provides in terms of broad and accurate capabilities in display, analysis, linking, interpretation, and in processing data as a successful method in terms of accuracy and analysis, as it gives a complete and interconnected picture of the various geographical phenomena and clarifies the spatial relationships between them and the influence of some on others, and because this science includes effective methods in expressing the forms, ideas, and relationships that occur between two or three dimensions in space. The research aims to prepare thematic maps that address the distribution of the population according to the correct cartographic rules and foundations and in a way that achieves the required visual levels in highlighting them.

This research deals with the study of the aspects of Kufic grammar and its issues among the interpreters in the eighth century AH; through our analysis of the verses of the Qur’an and its interpretation in the books of these interpreters and presenting their differences in explaining their grammatical meanings; and seeking to reveal their influence by Kufic grammar, which we found unclear in the books of interpretation of the Qur’an in these two centuries; as I found most of them tending to carry the word according to its meaning in their grammatical instructions more than their interest in carrying it according to the word; and thus they are Basrans in their inclination in the issues of the return of the pronoun; in addition to the implication that they do not consider standard; as well as their strong tendency to use Basran grammatical terms.

The research concluded that the electrical conductivity values ​​in the soil of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate are generally low to medium salinity according to the standard of soil classification according to the degree of its salinity based on the electrical conductivity of decimens/m of the saturated soil paste, and that there is spatial and seasonal variation in its values ​​as a result of the influence of a group of factors, the most important of which are climate, natural vegetation, and incorrect agricultural practices by farmers who add large quantities of chemical fertilizers to the soil and do not use the agricultural cycle.

The research shed light on the interpretive mechanisms of the interpreters, to show the most important points of convergence and divergence between them, as both relied on the same mechanisms, but they differed in the method of presentation and treatment of each of those methods, and the governing criterion in that goes back to the origin, culture, era, and doctrine of each of them, as the scientific connection had a great and clear impact on the analyses of the interpreters, and appeared more in Al-Fakhr Al-Razi, as he sometimes tended when presenting opinions in a specific verse to the analysis that is revealed by the scientific connection, so he leaned towards it completely, and preferred it over that which was devoid of the scientific connection, and the example formed for the interpreters the intensive part of the indication, and Al-Fakhr Al-Razi believed that conveying the meaning through the example is better than explaining the meaning itself without the example, and the two interpreters relied on one principle in the issue of the definitive and the ambiguous, which is to return the ambiguous to the definitive to know it, and the two interpreters relied on the reasons for revelation a lot in their analyses, to the point that it prompted Al-Fakhr Al-Razi relied on all that was said about the reasons for revelation in one verse.

We can conclude that the goal of the Union of Arab Scientific Language Academies, which it has sought since its establishment, is to unify the Arabic scientific terminology to eliminate the confusion and chaos caused by the multiplicity of terms for the same scientific equivalent. The Union is constantly striving for this unification, and what it entails in terms of strengthening an Arab scientific renaissance, in which Arab scientists cooperate in all their countries.

The Union, due to circumstances beyond its control, was unable to carry out its mission in the best possible way, and efforts must be doubled to eliminate all obstacles standing in the way of the Union so that it can be able to perform the tasks assigned to it.

The goals for which the Arab Language Academies were established can be summarized as follows:

Enriching the Arabic language by making it keep pace with the requirements of the era
Unifying scientific terminology and the words of civilization
Encouraging translation and Arabization to increase the wealth of the Arabic language and develop its expressive capabilities
Establishing dictionaries that meet the needs of the era
Facilitating the rules of teaching the Arabic language, whether in terms of grammar, morphology or writing
Reviving heritage and achieving the most important ancient Arabic books in various fields

Studying the impact of the religious institution and its reference that interacted with the political developments that the city of Najaf went through and even led the most important revolution that took place in the history of contemporary Iraq, namely the revolution of the twenties, has become one of the topics that the researcher must study.

One of the reasons for the researcher choosing this topic was also the assumption of Fatah Allah bin Muhammad Jawad al-Isfahani, known as Sheikh al-Sharia al-Isfahani, of the spiritual leadership of the revolution of the twenties, and his confrontation with the colonial countries that conspired to occupy the Islamic world, proving that a successful leader is known through the results he produces in the group he leads, and this is generated through self-confidence, wisdom, and the ability to care for the interests of others and manage their affairs, and this is what we saw in the personality of Sheikh al-Sharia al-Isfahani.

The research first dealt with the historical geography of the city of Aklish, due to its location and geographical nature, which had an impact on the historical events that it went through. Then we dealt with its political history, starting from the conquest until the fall, and we concluded the research with the contributions of its people in the various fields of science.

Whoever reads according to Sheikh Jaafar will see the narrative tendency in his collections very clear, but he sought to condense and abbreviate it, so that his narrative poem combines the characteristics of poetry, such as condensation, suggestion, and deep meaning, with the characteristics of the short story, which shares these characteristics with poetry, in addition to speech, dialogue, and event.

1- The theory of compensating chains of transmission is considered an innovation and a renewal at the level of hadith-jurisprudential research, because it subjected weak narrations to treating the weak part of them, and replacing it with another that contributes to covering the scientific needs in the position of jurisprudential evidence.

2- The theory of compensation is useful in the field of conflict between two reports, as the one with more chains of transmission is preferred over the other, thus raising the rank of the hadith to a higher rank than it was.

The great similarity between the methods of the three sheikhs (Sheikh al-Tusi, Sheikh al-Najashi, and Sheikh al-Saduq) to the origins and works, along with the conformity of many of them, allows for the establishment of a type of chain of transmission relationship between them in the areas of compensation and its applications, by transferring the correct and appropriate part from the method of one of them and placing it in place of the weak part in the method of the other, and this is within the scientific foundations that allow for such an exchange.

The current study included determining the extent of groundwater pollution in the Al-Rehab area with trace elements (scarce), based on Iraqi and international standards that highlight the extent of benefit and utilization of this water and thus knowing the type and concentration of its pollutants. In addition to clarifying the current distribution picture of the characteristics of the water samples studied through the use of statistical indicators that determine the characteristics of water distribution and its spatial directions, as the standard deviation was used to identify the amount of the typical value of the arithmetic mean. If the standard deviation was greater than the arithmetic mean, this indicated a variation in the spatial distribution of the phenomenon at the level of the study area, but if the standard deviation was less than the arithmetic mean, this means that the distribution of the phenomenon is similar at the level of the study area, in addition to showing the spatial variations by means of a number of maps of the area to give a clear picture of the concentration of groundwater element values ​​in it using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology. The aim of this is to create a geographical database to manage groundwater in the area and evaluate and analyze it as a means characterized by accuracy and speed and to determine the final outputs that include maps and statistical data. (22) groundwater samples were collected during the month of July 2015 and laboratory analyses were conducted.

سيحاول البحث إجمال أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث من خلال الآتي :

1 - الرجعة تختص فقط بمن محض الإيمان محضاً ومن محض الكفر محضاً أما سوى هذين الفريقين فلا رجوع لها إلى الدنيا , ولكن لديهم رجعة يوم القيامة ففيها ينال المؤمن جزاؤه من الكافر .

2 - هناك العديد من الأدلة العقلية والنقلية التي بينت وقوع الرجعة في بعض الأمم السابقة واللاحقة .

3 - وإن الرجعة هي ليست من الأصول لكنها من المباديء المُسّلّمة لدى الشيعة , ويؤمنون بوجودها وتتم بظهو الإمام المهدي (عج) , فيخرج معه من ترسخ الإيمان في قلبه فينصره , ومن ترسخ الكفر وتغلغل في قلبه فنال جزاءه , ثم يعودون إلى قبورهم , ومن ثم الصيحة الكبرى , فإذا بهم كلّ راجعون إلى لقاء الله عز وجل جميعاً لا يبقى أحد إلا وخرج للقاء الباري

The first opinion: wiping over their gods when circumambulating the Sacred House

The second opinion: Thaqeef’s condition for their conversion to Islam was not bowing in worship and not abandoning the worship of idols for one year

The third opinion: Quraysh’s condition of expelling the simpletons and the poor from his council

The research decides this suspicion and what it produces of aspects related to the infallibility of the Messenger of God Muhammad (7) according to the opinions of the commentators, and their narrative and intellectual foundations in the infallibility of the Prophet [

And in that, he resorts to a critical methodology in repelling that suspicion, which is summarized in two axes to repel it, which are the nullification defense and the solution defense, to extract what is between the two as a dispute, after a series of procedures that intersect these two defenses.

This research seeks to study the harmony and coherence between the cognitive and artistic structures in Al-Nimr bin Tulab's Lamiyat. The study deals with the psychological and cognitive dimensions, focusing on studying people and places in the poet's era, then studying the artistic and aesthetic dimensions, where the focus here is on reading the image and the sound system that enabled the poet to formulate the psychological and cognitive values ​​in aesthetic artistic molds in the text. In addition to reading the intertextuality with Al-Nimr's Lamiyat, in which the researcher focuses on the cultural commonality between the text and some Arabic poetic texts that dealt with the topics of the text.

This study attempts to approach the two words using a method that seeks to trace the sources of their mention in two well-known heritage books: “Al-Wasata Bayn Al-Mutanabbi Wa Khadamahu” by Judge Ali bin Abdul Aziz Al-Jurjani (d. 392 AH), and “Al-Mathal Al-Sa’ir Fi Adab Al-Katib Wa Al-Sha’ir” by Diaa Al-Din Ibn Al-Athir (d. 637 AH). The study thus seeks to distance itself from general impressionistic judgments, and reads the two words in the contexts of their occurrence in two books known for their repeated use with connotations that researchers differed in defining. They had various statements and opinions in this field, which the study stops at to discuss, and then arrives at its own opinion, which it then links to the data of modern stylistic studies.

The sources of grammar in the Arabic language that scholars relied on in establishing Arabic rules are the Holy Quran, the Noble Hadith, and the speech of the Arabs, both poetry and prose. They relied on transmission and listening, and carefully and accurately inducting these sources. No one disagreed about citing the Holy Quran, which was transmitted in succession from generation to generation. They set specific restrictions on the validity of citing the speech of the Arabs, and they carefully took the speech of some Arab tribes and not others, and within a specific time. They set spatial and temporal restrictions for taking from the eloquent Arabs. The disagreement occurred in the issue of citing the Noble Hadith, and there is no doubt that the Noble Prophet (7) was the most eloquent of all the Arabs, and it is more appropriate for scholars to rely on his Hadith as a source for establishing rules after the Holy Quran. However, the disagreement occurred when some scholars claimed that many of the Hadith were narrated with meaning, and that some narrators made mistakes in their narration, and that the early scholars did not cite the Noble Hadith in their works or what was transmitted from them; based on that, they prohibited citing it. A group of later scholars opposed them by permitting citing evidence absolutely, and another group preferred to be in the middle between prohibition and permission. In this article, we discussed this topic from the perspective of narration in meaning and intonation in narration, focusing on these two aspects because they are the source of disagreement between those who cite evidence and those who forbid it in this issue. With preference for the school of thought that can be relied upon according to the correct evidence and proofs.

The research concluded with a set of results, including:

1- The stability of the terms of perception and belief in the sixth century AH at the hands of Al-Sakaki after separating the sciences and arts from each other, and the dominance of the dialectical tendency over (Key to Sciences), and the predominance of the rational and logical view over it.

2- That every belief is preceded by perception.

3- (Yes) is the mother of the letters of affirmation and belief, as it enters into the news, the question, the affirmation, and the negation, so it indicates the belief of what precedes it, whether it was an affirmation or a negation in the news and the question, but according to Al-Mubarrad, it is for every speech in which there is no negation. As for (Yes), it only comes after a negation.

4- Belief is more common in verbal sentences, and less common in nominal sentences, because negation and affirmation are directed to meanings and events that are the meanings of actions, not to the entities that are the meanings of names.

We cannot list all the classical Arabic words that the Algerian colloquial language has preserved, as they are numerous and varied. We have limited what the mind has produced and what the segment has carried, and what has been forgotten from them was not due to negligence or neglect, but rather to make the research more in-depth and beneficial, as such words and terms exist between the folds of ancient Arabic dictionaries, and any reader or student can refer to them to investigate and find out their origin from them.

Through the study that we sought to accomplish, and after investigating those words and their meanings, we reached the following results:

1- That the Arabic language has greatly influenced others, and has narrated and been nourished.

2- That most Arabic dialects contain classical words, whether they convey the same meaning or different from it, as it has become clear that their derivation has not changed over the years and ages.

3- The Algerian dialect, like other dialects, was influenced by classical Arabic and took many of its words, and was not limited to the ones borrowed from it.

4- Despite the occupation eras that Algeria was subjected to, its influence by languages ​​and dialects was not as great as it was with classical Arabic, and its dictionary is evidence of that.

5- The phonetic level of the Algerian dialect is close to the phonetic level of classical Arabic, as the study previously confirmed.

6- Some Algerian colloquial words were found in the Holy Quran and some Arab poems, which indicates their eloquence, and refute those who believe that they are not from Arabic at all.

7- Many factors (social, psychological, linguistic) led to the deviation of some words from their eloquence, despite their remaining the same form and meaning.

8- Most Algerian colloquial words are characterized by a sedative character due to their influence by the Amazigh accent (qamar, sama, jamr...).

9- Algerian colloquial language differs from one region to another, as the dialect of western Algeria is different from the dialect of the east. In the Tlemcen region, they replace the eloquent qaf (ق) with an alif (أ) such as: "Qism = Ism, Qarrar = Arar, Qahwa = Ahwa", and we find that most regions do not add a hamza, and they facilitate the hamza such as: "Bir = Bir, Qira'a = Qira'a, Mu'min = Mu'min", and sometimes they change the hamza to a ya' such as: "Qa'im = Qa'im, Sa'im = Sa'im", and in demonstrative pronouns, they delete the dot of the dhal to become a dal such as: "That person = That person", as for relative pronouns, the letter dhal does not appear in them, such as: "Alladi = Alli", which is for the sake of alleviation.

10- The Algerian dialect as a whole is not subject to laws or rules that regulate it.

Which makes us recommend the following:

1- Collect the linguistic stock that is characterized by its eloquence in a linguistic dictionary and try to recall and use it.

2- Increase studies on dialects to revive the classical language.

3- Employ everything that is classical in educational and academic institutions and reject the deviant ones.

4- Accustom our children from early childhood to memorizing and reciting classical language.

5- Recover what was neglected from classical language in dialects to classical language because it affects the classical language stock and reduces it.

The study leads us to the fact that the Algerian colloquial language has preserved classical language vocabulary to this day, and that its use in itself is a general fact, since the Algerian individual was influenced by the Holy Quran more than he was influenced by anything else.

The study was conducted in Dhi Qar Governorate in 2016 to determine the impact of the decrease in tire pressure of cars operating on gasoline on the amount of increase in fuel consumption and its environmental and economic impact. Five garages were selected in the governorate: Qalat Sukkar Garage, Al-Rifai Garage, Al-Shatra Garage, Al-Nasiriyah Garage and Souq Al-Shuyukh Garage. The study included (250) cars, fifty cars from each garage. The results showed that there was a large number of cars with low tire pressure, as this number constituted 46% of the cars examined. This percentage resulted in additional fuel consumption as a result of reducing tire pressure, ranging between 1956.881 cubic meters and 4920.089 cubic meters of gasoline. There is no doubt that these consumed quantities have their effects on the environment and the economy together, as the value of the additional fuel consumed amounted to between 880,596,450 - 2214,040,050 Iraqi dinars as wasted money, as well as an increase in carbon dioxide emissions ranging between 5,117.24 and 12,866.03 tons of the aforementioned gas, which requires treatment to reduce the increase in pollution and carbon dioxide emissions caused by these quantities of fuel, in addition to preserving the national economy.

لا تزال حاليا هي محاولة دور شعلة الذي يمكن أن تلعبه البراغماتية البلاغية في سد الفجوات الانتقالية التي تتميز بأنواع مختلفة من ترجمات الخطابات التفسيرية. من المعتقد أن المترجمين لا يستطيعون التحكم في التأثير الدقيق أو القوة الأمنية من النص المصدر إلى الهدف الهدف. وبالتالي، من الرابط أدناه أن تتعرف على النصوص المترجمة والخطابات الدينية، ولا سيما تقاليد أهل البيت والأحاديث النبوية، بشأن مسائل البراغماتية بشكل عام والقضايا المتعلقة بالبراغماتية الخطابية على وجه الخصوص من أجل التعامل مع بعض الترجمة المباشرة التي تميزت ببعض هذه الترجمات. بعبارة أخرى، يُتوقع من المترجمين الصحيحين التوصل إلى بياناته الشخصية المصاحبة من خلال طريقة استخدام المجازات الخطابية. هدف عملي ، إن مهمة المترجم هي نقل والتأثير المباشر للنص المصدر بطريقة تحقق هذا المعنى والأثر المصاحب له في النص الهدف. بسبب هذه الفرضية البراغماتية ، دراسة الأون بمهمة إنشاء نموذج ترجمة بمجردما بلاغي لسد بالإضافة لذلك في الترجمة. بالاقتران مع هذا الهدف، يُتوقع أن تعمل مجموعة معينة من العناصر الخطابية الواقعية، وهي: الاتجاهات التي تستهدفها، هي سماعة الرد الاستجابة الهجومية. كما تفترض أن هذه الاستعارات يجب أن تستخدم في تحقيق الهدف وكمه المصاحب في بيانات العمل. ويجب نموذج تحليلي لبيانات العمل، حيث تتم مراجعة المجازات الصحفية ذات الصلة ونماذج الترجمة لتحليل النمو منها في هذا الأمر. يتم استبعاد بيانات هذا العمل بنصوص ذات صلة بالطلبة الحصرية من خطاب فدك للسيدة فاطمة الزهراء (ع). ويكشف التحليل عن العديد من النتائج التي توصلت إليها أساساً، وتتنوع إلى عدد من النقاط التي تشمل: المجازات التي تعتبر صالحة وتحسب لصالحها القدرة على التحليل. وهي تتألف من مجازات الاستعارة والتشبيه والسخرية. الاستعارة هي السماعة الأكثر توزيعًا في النصوص، والتي ترجمت بشكل خاطئ. ويأتي التشابه في غير الثاني في الخطاب الفرعي للدقيق ويطرح ترجمة قضايا مماثلة.

It is self-evident that people praise each other, and rarely does a day pass without witnessing a word of praise. This is because praise, like many types of speech, such as thanks, apologies, congratulations, etc., is not only a linguistic behavior, but a social behavior. If this is the case, one cannot believe that such an act may not be affected by sociolinguistic variables that, since the emergence of this descriptive linguistic branch, affect the way language is used. Hence the need for a study to conduct a sociolinguistic investigation into the system of speech acts of praise. Culture is one of the most important sociolinguistic variables that influence the use of speech acts, and in different cultures speech acts may mean different things. They also serve different purposes, as in a certain culture, the speech act of praise is used to establish solidarity between speakers, and in another culture it is used to express approval or admiration towards the listener. In other words, praise can be considered a social lubricant that serves to \"establish or maintain a relationship\". A common phenomenon in human interaction, for example, is that people often praise to reinforce or encourage desired behavior in specific situations, such as teaching and learning. People in different cultures may tend to praise things more than others in different cultures, people may praise someone\'s appearance such as their clothes, hair, eyes...etc. People from another culture may not place such importance on appearance, and instead focus on a person\'s intelligence, behavior, or performance.

Bodily resurrection is one of the most important issues in the field of religion. Proving and explaining it, as well as responding to its related objections, has been one of the most important concerns of theologians, philosophers of religion, and other men of faith. One of the objections to the materialism of resurrection is the theory of the eater and the eaten, which has been answered by Islamic thinkers in various forms. However, receiving inadequate responses has led to serious problems. Using the findings of genetics, this paper presents a new version of the theory of the main components of the body (one of the responses with emphasis on the hadith) that will prove bodily resurrection, be generalizable, and understandable to ordinary readers.

Using Speech acts and Maxims in Selected Summary Leads in News Web-version of American Agencies، A Pragmatic Study

In the new world, people are alienated as a result of their race and beliefs. Beliefs vary due to differences in place or way of life. The media has become one of the most important tools that explain and shape these beliefs and concepts to public opinion by any means that may suit its goal and direction. The absolute truth in the media is a big lie. Thus, honor and morality stand naked on the shore of legitimacy. By highlighting the issues of certainty and credibility, it becomes clear that the media plays a major role in presenting the image of Islam to the public in a manner that suits its goals. Accordingly, dark clouds continue to hover over the heads of Muslims all over the world.

This study, entitled "The Aesthetics of the Poetic Image" by teacher Alaa Shatnan Al-Tamimi and assistant teacher Muhammad Hassan Hussein, dealt with the poetic image and the role of imagination in its production. Poetry, as a freedom of the soul, opens up a vast horizon for us, which is the poetic image. The latter is able to tell us and tell the world. With its multiple suggestions, with the explosion of its senses, it can enrich our experience and our vision of the world and of man. What is difficult to express, what is indescribable, takes in its depth, expression and beauty. With the image. . The literary image in general is an emanation of the imagination, it is the imagination itself in its absolute activity. It is capable of understanding what is behind appearances, discovering mysteries and transforming life data into meanings and symbolic images. That is why Bachelard considers imagination as a force that produces images that prefer the semantic depth that excites the recipient's imagination and invites him to be the poet's partner in producing the poetic text.

A thorough understanding of the Orientalists’ views on Quranic and Islamic knowledge and a scholarly evaluation of their views is an undeniable necessity for Muslims. Accordingly, the present article aims to evaluate John Burton’s research on the compilation of the Qur’an. The study adopts the library research method through a critical analytical approach, although this should not be taken to mean that descriptive methods were not used. Burton’s research demonstrates his extensive investigations into Quranic and Islamic sources. The information he conveys in his research indicates that the narratives of the compilation of the Qur’an began to expand and develop in the third century AH. However, he does not attempt to explain whether any source historically supports his explanation of the development of these traditions or not. This is the most important criticism of Burton’s research on the subject of the compilation of the Qur’an

The current study aims to know the effect of teaching method of speed writing on the performance of university students in English as a foreign language in writing essays. The quasi-experimental design was adopted with a non-random control group, and the pre-test and post-test were adopted. The sample of the current study consists of (87) university students, both male and female, who were selected from the third-year students at Thi Qar University, College of Education for Humanities, Department of English Language. The face validity and reliability coefficient of the pre/post-test were calculated. Two independent formulas for the t-test were used. The final results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups. This means that the students of the experimental group proved their superiority in writing essays because they learned using the speed writing technique. Finally, the appropriate conclusions and recommendations were presented.