Journal of Education for Humanities

1) Methods of achieving violence in the child and its treatment, the least severe (moral and material support - and educational treatment) and the most severe (beating - urine - darkness - reducing his participation fee - and non-comparison) i.e. (individual differences).
2) There are statistically significant differences between the average ranks (the average of the two categories of the sample of children and in favor of the extended). (Threat - deprivation - fear - and the largest percentage was fear) unlike children who live under the care of parents.
3) The research is determined by (30) children from the city of Mosul for ordinary and extended families.
4) Violence from a legal point of view is the illegal use of physical means of coercion in order to achieve personal or social goals.
5) The researcher used the (Mann Whitney) test for small samples.
6) The study concluded that there are many factors that lead to the phenomenon of many types of domestic violence - threat - intimidation - deprivation - violence - starvation and its effects - (fear - bullying - urination).
7) Develop programs (treatment) for children, educators and parents - and those responsible for them.
8) Developing educational and social programs and disseminating a culture of awareness of the problems and dangers threatened by them and their treatment.
9) Islam has laid down a sound educational curriculum for parents that they can follow with their children from the age of:
1. From birth to 7 years, use the non-restrictive play approach.
2. From the age of 7 to 14 years, use the discipline and correction method.
3. From the age of 14 to 21 years, the use of companionship with children that is based on friendship and quoting from the predecessors the text that says: - (Play your son seven times, discipline him seven times, brother him seven times, then put his rope on his groin).

Abstract
Praise be to Allah, The Lord of the universe, the Unique, whom creatures existence witness to His Oneness, who has neither a son nor a father.
May Allah, the All Mighty, raise the rank of the best of all His Messengers, Prophet Muhammad, and raise the rank of the blessed and virtuous kins and companions of our dear Prophet.
The moderation and balance that characterize the content and methodology of the Ash'ari path, both theoretically and practically, have formed a cohesive cognitive framework firmly grounded in the Quran and the Sunnah, unaffected by innovated currents. The impartial observer has no doubt that the Ash'ari school is an extension of the authentic Sunni belief of which it inherited the foundations. One of the fundamental principles of this honorable school, derived from the wise legislation, is the principle of moderation and balance.

﴿وَكَذَٰلِكَ جَعَلْنَٰكُمُۥ أُمَّة وَسَطا لِّتَكُونُواْ شُهَدَآءَ عَلَى اَلنَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ اَلرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدا﴾

The importance of this research can be summarized in the need for religious and official references, as well as the general public, to understand the significance of moderation and balance, and the impact of moderation and balance on individuals, families, communities, and nations. It also highlights the dangers of extremism and radicalism in religion and aims to raise awareness among future generations about the importance of defending the unity of the Islamic nation.
As for the aim of the research: it is well known that the large-scale dissemination of the Ash'arite school is due to the fact that the components of its dogma are consistent with each other. Therefore, affirming the moderate position of this school requires shedding light on the grounding of Ash'ari belief within the Ahlu Sunnah belief.
This concise research opens a bright window for knowledge seekers, in the shortest time and with the briefest expression, without lengthy discussions that many people do not have ample time for.

There is no doubt that the judicial oversight over the powers and authorities of the control authorities differs in normal circumstances from that in exceptional circumstances, where the authorities of the administration expand in the end so that it can face these circumstances and transform ordinary legality into the legitimacy of crises; But it is not enough for the control authorities to claim that there is an exceptional circumstance that justifies their illegal actions without evidence of the existence of the facts that necessitate that, and that the administrative judiciary simplifies its control over the existence of material facts and the legal adaptation of those facts with a proportionality between the seizure decision and the realistic situation that prompted the administration to issue it, ie: Appropriate oversight, and judicial oversight in both France and Egypt is strict on material facts, as well as the appropriateness of their gravity with the measures taken in exceptional circumstances, unlike Iraq, where we do not see tightening this oversight as we will explain later. Administrative control on the facts of administrative control decisions in exceptional circumstances. In the second requirement, we talk about the applications of the administrative judiciary’s control over material facts and their legal and appropriate adaptation in France, Egypt and Iraq, respectively, Finally we conclude the study with a set of conclusions and suggestions that we will reach.

The study aimed to identify the degree of assessment by a sample of university students of the factors leading to the spread of drug abuse. and the role of the university in preventing it. Those enrolled for the summer semester 2017/2018 in universities (Mosul. Nineveh. Technical University). and the results showed that the total score for the sample’s assessment of the factors leading to the spread of drug abuse was medium with a relative weight of (62.52%). and the degree of their appreciation for the role of the university in preventing it was Large scale with a relative weight (69.12%). a level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores that estimate the sample members for the factors leading to the spread of drug abuse. and the role of the university in preventing it due to the variables (sex. academic level. university).
The study recommended that universities allocate an awareness / treatment unit in which a number of psychologists work to reduce the causes of drug abuse.

There is no doubt that the scourge of extremism, terrorism and violence in general is one of the topics that have attracted the attention of researchers in the field of sociology. We had an early interest in this regard through our studies that deal mainly with social change in the Arab and Islamic world. Where we always study this devastating phenomenon, which has become transcontinental and even globalized in the context of a number of central concepts, including, for example, the creative chaos and the new world order. As for the inside of our societies, it is, in our belief, closely related to the prevailing structures in it and the culture it produced that is outside our Islamic religion and has nothing to do with it. In both cases, terrorism and extremism germinate in the context of an international reality dominated by methods of domination and war by proxy, and an internal local reality full of fallacies.
It is in this context that our participation in this forum descends, through which we seek to highlight the role of universities, especially sociological studies, in establishing a societal culture that rejects terrorism and extremism. This, in our belief, can only be achieved through studying it as a societal and cosmic phenomenon, deciphering its implications and dismantling its components, by linking it to all possible variables that relate to the root and branch of society at the level of perceptions, culture, structures, beliefs and everything that is a social act.
In this context, we cannot fail to point out a methodological observation, which is that the researcher in the social sciences does not provide direct solutions based on unstudied impromptu positions. Rather, in dismantling the phenomenon in its societal context and highlighting its faults. Hence the real remedies that the politician and those in control of the security and development of society must take into account. Also, if these studies are transformed into academic studies and a culture circulating in the knowledge space, they would create a conscious generation that rejects terrorism, extremism and violence.
Based on all this, we present the main problem of our research according to the following: Is there a relationship between terrorism and extremism in our Arab and Islamic societies, as they are a scourge that threatens the peace of society, the creative chaos and the existing social structures? Any possible solutions to reduce them?
 

Civil peace is a way of living that prevails in a certain society in which various forms of violence and incitement to it are rejected, and not resorted to to resolve disputes between individuals and groups. This requires the availability of pillars, including the rule of law over all, rulers and ruled.
Civil peace (coexistence) is as necessary as water and air in the life of societies. It guarantees work, production, creativity, and a happy life. When it is lost, the opposite is true. It has linguistic and terminological definitions. It also has components that must be strengthened, and reasons for its breakdown that require comprehensive and permanent treatment. The psychological, social, and economic aspects are taken into consideration. Consideration, and multiple aspects, including security, political, legal, social and media, can be melted into a comprehensive strategy for it, and formulated with an implementation plan in a sufficient period of time.

This research falls under the third axis of your esteemed conference: "The role of Shari'a and Islamic sciences colleges as well as religious schools and institutions in immunizing against extremism and Takfir (excommunication from Islam) and in insuring the prevalence of the will to live together over ideological contradictions". It aims to discuss the intellectual roots of extremism and Takfir by conducting a deep analysis that reveals the theoretical backgrounds and cognitive references framing the ideology of Takfiri groups and governing how they actually act with individuals and groups.
This study aims to present a unique model in its approach to the phenomenon of Takfir through a careful examination of a pioneering scientific and educational experience carried by the College of Shari'a and Islamic Studies of Qatar University:
Within the approved curriculum of the Department of Theology and Da’wah, there is a course among the compulsory requirements for students titled "Faith and the Phenomenon of Takfir." This course aims to familiarize students with the intellectual foundations of Takfiri thought, starting from its early beginnings with the Kharijites sect and ending with the study of contemporary applied models of Takfiri groups, such as Takfir wal-Hijra (Excommunication and Emigration) or The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.
The value of this course lies not only in providing theoretical and knowledge-based support to students but also in nurturing the necessary skills that contribute to their preparedness in confronting this proliferating and reproducing Takfiri ideology. This is achieved through enhancing their dialogical abilities, refining their critical thinking, debate and argumentation skills, as well as broadening their knowledge by exposing them to the primary sources and intellectual references of Takfiri thought and its critique. The ultimate goal is to graduate specialized scholars capable of immunizing themselves and providing the necessary intellectual immunity to achieve spiritual and doctrinal security for society.

Children constitute one of the most vulnerable groups among victims of armed conflict international armed conflict ", it may therefore be noted that in order to provide the most successful protection possible to all victims of armed conflict, whether or not it relates to international armed conflict, International humanitarian law does not distinguish any category of individuals at the expense of other categories In terms of being individuals not directly involved in hostilities, children are generally protected and afforded fundamental guarantees, as are all other civilians. They have the right to respect for their lives and physical and moral integrity. coercion, physical abuse, torture, collective punishment, vigilance and abuse of children or other civilians are prohibited.
Children are among the most vulnerable groups to be protected during armed conflict conflicts have different effects and are divided into several categories, They include those who lead to their separation from their families, and those who move away from the fighting zones, and Wei Soboon, without shelter, are displaced within their own countries. Some lead them to cross their country of origin's borders into neighbouring countries and become refugees.
The problem worsens when children find themselves at one moment without a breadwinner and when in a country they do not understand their language, culture and customs

The words of the Lord of the Worlds and His faithful Prophet came in the Arabic language, so whoever realizes what the Arabs intended from their words understood what the Legislator intended from his texts, and the Arabs have mastered their methods and discernment in their speech, so not all of their words are intended by their apparent appearance, and among the Qur’anic verses and religious hadiths were texts that contain phrases of intimidation Intimidation is what the Legislator and his father forbade, but due to the extreme care of the Legislator in repulsing them, he brought it up with severe methods and judged the perpetrator of things that cannot be interpreted in him on the surface of the words.
So I collected in this research methods of religious threat that are not intended for their appearance and studied them semantically, and explained what is meant by them and mentioned what distracts them from their appearance and the types of that in search.

Developments in global economies have led to the creation of new types of currencies that have no physical presence or cover. They are called virtual, encrypted, or electronic currencies; Global economic dealings have become significant. These are currencies that lack legitimacy because they do not have a tangible representation in the form of paper or money in societies in which money is accustomed to being physical, and the Islamic economy, which derives its structure and strength from Islamic law since the advent of Islam until now and in the future as well, stands on the lookout for any factor or contemporary economic phenomenon that occurs. In Islamic or international countries alike, to absorb it and then filter it with legal provisions and standards to benefit from it and using them as tools and factors for development, development and prosperity in Islamic societies. Islamic economic scholars have addressed this new phenomenon represented by electronic currencies and stated the prohibition of using them in their current absolute form. They highlighted the necessity of planning and mobilizing to confront it, benefit from its positive aspects, and get rid of its negative aspects. May Islamic societies enjoy prosperity, tranquility and development through all the various spatial, temporal and current changes.

The study aimed to identify the degree of appreciation of a sample of university students in Ninewa Province for the practice of preachers and their role in promoting security and stability. renouncing extremism and violence. establishing a culture of moderation. and revealing whether there are differences between the averages of the sample’s assessment of this role due to (Gender. college. and accumulative average) The study used the descriptive analytical method. and the sample consisted of (334) male and female students from universities in Ninewa Province. A questionnaire consisting of (30) items distributed to them was applied to them in two areas: (the educational role. behavioral practices).
The study concluded that the overall degree of appreciation for the role of preachers in promoting the position of rejecting extremism and violence from the point of view of university youth was large at a relative weight (% 82.68). and there were no statistically significant differences at the level (% 0.05) between the average degrees of the sample’s appreciation of the role of advocates in promoting and rejecting extremism and violence.
It is attributed to the variables of the study and that the best ways to develop their role from the point of view of notables was to preserve the values and teachings that reject extremism and violence and establish a mediating culture that supports security. stability and peaceful coexistence and supports to confirm the relationship between competence and science. and direct the message of the preacher away from extremism and political and sectarian tensions.
The study recommended the need to hold cultural and religious seminars and general conferences associated with programs directed towards the responsibilities of citizenship for preachers to advance their clear role expressing the spirit of religious tolerance and confront forms of violence and extremism in its various fields.

Insurance companies in Iraq have flourished greatly in the past few years, and the most important legal document for the insurance contract of all kinds is the insurance document, and the role of this document stands out as it includes all the conditions, data and detailed information about the elements and parties to the insurance contract, in addition to its importance in proving the insurance contract, Therefore, legislation and jurisprudence, as well as insurance companies, have paid great attention to this document, consistent with its nature and importance. Usually, insurance companies prepare and prepare this document and impose its actual and legal existence by setting general conditions in it, but legislation has a prominent role in limiting arbitrary conditions that are often in the interest of insured companies, and Iraqi and Egyptian law dealt with arbitrary conditions, but without limiting them. However, the amendment of the French Civil Code in (2016) played a prominent role in eliminating arbitrary conditions or that lead to an imbalance in the contractual balance, as there is a difference between the general conditions and the special conditions that we find in insurance contracts, and this research deals with the subject of the document from a legal perspective as a comparison between Iraqi and Egyptian law on the one hand, and French law on the other. As for the exceptions mentioned in this policy, they must be minimized whenever possible to protect the insured.

There are many factors that lead to domestic violence, including marriage in which there is a lack of its elements or conditions, and thus lead to family disputes, so we chose models of these marriages, including: Misyar marriage, customary marriage, frand marriage, and tourist marriage, and we study them, then we show the side that is forbidden, Then we put several points to get out of what is forbidden, as it is tantamount to adjusting the path to amend family life and satisfy the Lord of the Worlds, as we shed light on the legal aspect and the opinion of the Fiqh Councils.

The multiplicity of theories in the outlook on human nature, and their differences in research methods and approaches, but they are all directly or indirectly centered around human thought and behavior, the roots of this thought and behavior, and the possibility of belonging, development, modification and change. We are now in this conference looking at how to reach a moderate societal culture. We reject violence and terrorism in our various social circles, as our society has suffered over the past twenty years from extremist tendencies and terrorist acts that have led to great human and material losses.

The modern educational studies like higher educational and social system are largely effected by surrounding environment in both local and global level, and that leads us to emphasize on the social, economic, political, cultural scientific and many other modern fields. The modern tools help us to evaluate these advantageous tools and its effectiveness with the extent to which these institutions adapt to these changes.
In order to address the topic of the research, it's necessary to mention the characteristics of twenty first century (from it's beginning at least), which revolves around the size of chalanges which faced by higher education system in our Arab countries in general and in Iraq in particular. Subsequently, that brings us to the quality of higher education system in the country.

Terrorism and violence cause human and material losses that negatively affect development opportunities, through the loss of human lives, the destruction of infrastructure, and the derailment of normal. life And its creation of cases of uncertainty and distortion in social capabilities, as well as direct costs in the areas of society and the family from material and human means. Terrorism has directly affected social rights, through attacks of all kinds, in addition to spreading extremist ideas against women. Which leads to the emergence of practices of violence against women and discrimination in their social rights.
Therefore, universities played a major role in addressing terrorism and violence, whether on the social or academic level.
So we chose the topic of the research entitled (The Role of Universities in Addressing Terrorism and Violence (The Great Imam University College, and Mosul University as a model)), and the research included an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. It is as follows:
the introduction.
The first topic: the definition of terrorism, its types, and the role of the Great Imam University College in dealing with it. The research included three demands:
The first requirement: Defining terrorism, linguistically and idiomatically.
The second requirement: types of terrorism.
The third requirement: The role of the Great Imam College in dealing with terrorism.
The second topic: the definition of violence, its causes, and the role of the University of Mosul in treating it, and it included three demands.
The first requirement: Defining violence, linguistically and idiomatically.
The second requirement: the causes of violence.
The third requirement: the role of the University of Mosul in dealing with violence.
Conclusion.
The topic is joint to participate in (the first national conference to curb extremism and terrorism) under the slogan (Al-Qaeda and ISIS are a threat to societal peace)

The Researches Center is one of the most important means concerned with conducting studies specialized in developing the lifestyle of different countries of the world, after a series of challenges emerged that afflicted various societies around the world, especially the eastern societies, particularly the local ones. It has been observed that the problems spread among the different societal cultures, especially after the infiltration of the Violence and Terrorism Culture and the resulting disintegration of the nature of the social fabric. Which led to the emergence of vigorous global and Arab research trends in this field that focused in its infancy on ideological problems only, and through the findings of the studies of research centers, it was found that the cause of these problems is not limited to ideological culture only, but rather goes beyond it for other reasons that differ according to the acquired culture of each individual. The members of society on the one hand, and the total culture that dominates the entire society on the other hand, which makes societies need more research and investigation to find out their causes and define them, to show their negative impact on the place on the one hand, and on the pattern of behaviors of the community occupying that place, and in light of that, the research reached an idea that The need to move societies towards what has been called the Mediocrity Culture, which is necessary to spread the culture of moderation to reduce behavioral deviations and to transform society into a safe and more positive lifestyle.
The absence of clear knowledge that enables defining the role of research centers in the development of societal culture and in the light of which the necessary indicators are drawn to achieve that goal - constituted the main research problem. This resulted from the lack of knowledge and the lack of local studies that deal with the search for the nature of the relationship between (the role of research centers and the reduction of behavioral deviations), which requires the adoption of the global context for the purpose of benefiting from it at the local levels. The main objective of research is the importance of employing a concept Moderate culture in providing integrated knowledge to reduce behavioral deviations in accordance with the requirements of local communities and extracting indicators that contribute to achieving the goal. Achieving the goal required building an integrated theoretical framework in the light of which the main research hypothesis was put forward.
In light of this, the structure of the research was built, which includes two chapters: (the first chapter) was devoted to establishing an information base for spreading the culture of moderation through three axes: didactic - creative act). While the second axis is concerned with studying the culture of moderation as (a model of giving) with the aim of employing the culture of society in formulating specialized standards concerned with moderation as a cultural product that can be consumed through education with it and the development of a social lifestyle. While the third axis is devoted to the study of moderate culture as (a reaction to reduce behavioral deviations) with the aim of creating the concept of partnership and expressing opinion between different cultures to transform the social lifestyle from a pattern of behavioral deviations to a pattern suitable for the present-immediate life. The research concluded with a statement of indicators for finding appropriate solutions to move societies to the best and most appropriate moderation culture for current societies.

The study analyzed the theoretical aspects of the concept of "terrorism". The historical prerequisites for the emergence of terrorism were studied, the main approaches to the interpretation of the term were systematized, and the main types and goals pursued by terrorists were grouped. Modern terrorism has the following varieties: state; international; intrastate; religious; point insurgency; capture of territory; mass disturbances; sabotage; holding hostages. It has been established that the main objects of terrorist influence can be state power and management bodies; some categories of citizen; and in general - social order in the country.
The main reasons contributing to the spread of terrorism are systematized, namely: the growth of criminalization of society; attempts of organized crime to influence the authorities, and for this they often use terror methods; a high degree of corruption of power structures, which leads to the use of criminal methods of struggle in political confrontation.
The number of terrorist acts in the world by periods, countries and the number of victims was studied. The study examined the Global Index of Terrorism and determined the countries that occupy the leading positions in this rating. In addition, the retrospective of the Global Index over the past few years and the dynamics of its changes were considered. The top 10 countries most affected by terrorism for 2011-2021 have been established. Afghanistan and Iraq retained their positions as the two countries most affected by terrorism for the third consecutive year.

The issue of political participation with the ruling authority and the ability to make political decisions by the various state institutions is very important, especially if we know that the participating party has the competence and experience that qualifies it to present its proposals and recommendations affecting the government.Educational institutions are able to direct government performance towards the right direction in order to achieve the general interest of society, as they are specialized academic bodies that include various experiences and competencies. They play an important and major role in consolidating the principles of democracy and human rights and rejecting extremist terrorist ideology that tears societies and breaks their bonds. Political participation in general has It is of great importance in the life of societies, since everything related to their social, political and economic matters is linked to the political decisions taken by the ruling authority.

Since the Internet removes international borders, it has become the preferred venue for terrorists to carry out their criminal objectives. As a result, the majority of terrorist crimes are now committed online, and terrorist groups are very interested in cyber terrorism crimes because they allow them to enter countries thousands of kilometers away and interfere with water, electricity, and other critical infrastructure.
On the other hand, dealing with these crimes is challenging because of their specificity and the perpetrator's superior experience, making it challenging for executive agencies to detect them using conventional methods. Additionally, because the crime is of a non-material nature, gathering evidence and proof in this area is challenging and necessitates the preparation of the necessary staff with extraordinary scientific experience. This is particularly true if we are aware of how inadequate the techniques employed to gather information and proof in this area are.
This study aims to identify cyber-terrorism crimes as the real threat targeting society. We will try to explain what they are, their characteristics, the reasons they are committed, and their images, as well as a statement of how to address them and the challenges they face, and to clarify the legal and technical methods of the security services to combat them. We also highlight the significant role that universities play in providing the security services with experienced personnel.